Lokacin da yawancin mutane suka ji 'simintin ƙarfe', suna yin hoto mai nauyi skillet ko radiator na zamanin Victoria. Wannan ita ce fuskar jama'a. A cikin cinikin, musamman bayan shekarun da suka gabata kamar yadda muka yi a QSY, kun koyi cewa ya rage game da kayan kansa da ƙari game da aure tsakanin abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙarfe da tsarin simintin gyare-gyaren da aka zaɓa don yin amfani da su. Babban kuskure? Cewa abu ɗaya ne, kayan ɗaki. Ba haka ba. Rata tsakanin ductile baƙin ƙarfe bawul jiki cewa bukatar jure high matsa lamba da kuma wani launin toka counterweight cewa kawai bukatar taro da damping ne mai fadi, da kuma daidaita wannan rata ne inda na ainihi aiki ya faru.
Bishiyar Iyali ta Ƙarfe
Ba za ku iya magana kan siyayya ba jefa baƙin ƙarfe ba tare da bata lokaci ba. Ƙarfe mai launin toka, ductile (nodular) baƙin ƙarfe, baƙin ƙarfe malleable, graphite compacted ... kowanne yana da nasa hali. Ƙarfe mai launin toka, tare da flakes na graphite, yana da kyau don damfara girgiza-tunanin tushen kayan aikin injin. Amma gwada sanya shi cikin matsanancin damuwa mai ƙarfi kuma waɗannan flakes ɗin suna aiki kamar ginanniyar fashewa. A nan ne baƙin ƙarfe na ductile ya shiga. Maganin magnesium wanda ke haifar da graphite yana canza komai. Ƙarfin ƙwanƙwasa yana tsalle, kuna samun ƙarin elongation. Yana da mai canza wasa don sassan da ke ganin nauyi mai ƙarfi.
Na tuna wani aiki da wuri, abokin ciniki yana son hadadden na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa a cikin abin da kawai suke kira simintin ƙarfe. Fitowar ta yi ƙayyadad da ƙima. Mun koma baya, mun tambaya game da hawan keke da tasirin tasiri. Ba su yi la'akari da shi ba. Mun yi samfuri a cikin baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka - an yi shi da kyau, yana jin ƙarfi. Amma gwajin matsa lamba ya nuna ɗigon ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta tare da hanyoyin flake. Mun canza zuwa ƙarfe mai ƙura mai ƙura, mun daidaita ƙirar gating don tabbatar da dawo da magnesium daidai. An gudanar da zagaye na biyu. Darasi? Ƙarfin simintin gyare-gyare kusan ba shi da amfani ba tare da prefix ba.
Sa'an nan kuma akwai baƙin ƙarfe. Nickel, chromium, molybdenum ƙari. Waɗannan ba kawai don juriya na lalata ba ne. Suna daidaita lu'u-lu'u, ƙara ƙarfi da juriya a yanayin zafi mai tsayi. Mun yi famfo gidaje don abrasive slurries tare da 15-20% nickel-chrome alloyed farin ƙarfe. Taurin simintin simintin ya kasance mai muni, kusa da ba zai yuwu a yi na'ura ba sai tare da niƙa. Dole ne ku tsara don haka, tsara tsarin da ke kewaye da shi. Dabba ce ta daban gaba ɗaya daga manyan maki.
Tsari Yana Ƙarfafa Ayyuka: Shell vs. Zuba Jari
A shagon mu, Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), Mu gudu biyu harsashi mold da zuba jari simintin Lines. Zaɓin da ke tsakanin su don ɓangaren ƙarfe ba kawai game da girma ko farashi ba; game da lissafi ne da mutunci. Yin gyare-gyaren harsashi, ta yin amfani da yashi mai rufaffen guduro, yana ba ku kyakkyawan ƙarewar saman ƙasa da daidaito girma idan aka kwatanta da koren yashi na gargajiya. Yana da kyau ga sassa masu tsaka-tsaki kamar madaidaicin injin ko gidajen kwampreso. Kuskuren daftarin zai iya zama kadan, kuma kuna kula da daidaito mai kyau.
Amma lokacin da kake da sassa na ciki, ɓangarorin ɓangarorin, ko ƙaƙƙarfan geometries na gaske waɗanda zasu buƙaci babban taro a cikin yashi, shine inda saka hannun jari ke shiga. Tsarin ƙirar kakin zuma yana ɗaukar kowane daki-daki. Mun samar da impellers da turbin gidaje a cikin ductile baƙin ƙarfe ta wannan hanya. Kama da baƙin ƙarfe a cikin zuba jari? Duk game da zuba ne. Ƙarfe mafi girman zafin jiki idan aka kwatanta da karfe ko superalloys yana jaddada harsashi yumbu daban-daban. Kuna samun ƙarin haɗarin halayen ƙarfe-harsashi, yuwuwar lahani na saman idan ba a toya harsashi daidai ba. Yana buƙatar ƙwaƙƙwaran iko akan zazzagewar jijiyoyi da zazzagewar da za ku iya tserewa tare da zama mai ɗorewa don ɓangaren bakin karfe.
Rashin gazawar da ke manne da ni shine gudu na ƙananan gidaje na firikwensin ƙarfe ta hanyar saka hannun jari. Sassan sun yi kama da kamala, sun wuce na gani. Amma yayin gwajin matsin lamba na abokin ciniki, wasu kaɗan sun leka. Mun raba su, mun sami hawaye masu zafi a kusa da wata mahadar. Matsalar ita ce gating. Za mu yi amfani da ƙirar da aka inganta don kewayon ƙarfafa ƙarfe. Iron, tare da raguwarsa daban-daban da halayen carbon, yana buƙatar ƙarin matakan zafi a hankali a cikin takamaiman yanki. Mun gyara tsarin sprue da mai gudu, mun ƙara ƙaramin sanyi a cikin itacen kakin zuma. Ya warware shi. Waɗannan gyare-gyare na ƙayyadaddun tsari ne waɗanda ke raba simintin da aka yi amfani da shi daga abin dogaro.
Hannun Hannun Machining: Yin Cast don CNC
Wannan shine inda tsarin haɗin gwiwarmu a QSY ke biya. Ba za ku iya saki tsarin simintin gyare-gyare daga injin da ke biyo baya ba. Simintin gyare-gyare na iya zama sauti mai girma, amma idan yana da madaidaicin tauri ko ɓoyayyiyar ɓoyayyiya, zai lalata kayan aiki da ɓata sassa a bene na CNC. Muna tsara tsarin simintin gyare-gyare tare da kayan aikin injina da wuraren taɓawa na farko a zuciya.
Tare da jefa baƙin ƙarfe, musamman baƙin ƙarfe launin toka, graphite kyauta yana aiki azaman mai mai. Gabaɗaya yana iya yin injina. Amma bambance-bambance a cikin adadin sanyaya a kowane bangare na iya haifar da wuraren sanyin ƙarfe (fararen ƙarfe) a sassan bakin ciki ko kusa da sanyi. Wannan kayan yana da matuƙar wuya da ƙura. Mun taɓa samun ɗigon bawul ɗin jikinmu inda flange, ya yi sanyi da sauri, ya haɓaka Layer mai sanyi. Yana taunawa ta hanyar abubuwan da ake saka carbide a cikin fasfo ɗaya. Gyaran ya kasance gefe-gefe: mun daidaita yawan zafin jiki na zubowa kadan kuma mun sake sanya sanyin gyare-gyare don haɓaka ƙarin sanyaya iri ɗaya. Yawan aikin injin ya koma sama.
Don baƙin ƙarfe ductile, machinability yana da kyau, amma guntu ya bambanta. Yana son karye zuwa ƙanana, 6's da 9's masu iya sarrafawa maimakon dogayen igiyoyi. Amma kuna buƙatar madaidaicin kayan aikin lissafi da sutura. Mun daidaita akan takamaiman maki don roughing da kammala simintin ƙarfe a cikin sassan CNC ɗin mu. Daidaituwa a cikin kayan simintin mai shigowa-godiya ga sarrafawar narkewa da rigakafi- shine abin da ke ba mu damar kulle madaidaicin mashin ɗin. Idan sinadarai ko microstructure sun bambanta tsari zuwa tsari, shirye-shiryen ku na CNC sun zama yaƙin daidaitawa akai-akai.
Abubuwan Nuances: Tambayar Haɗin Kai
Yayin da simintin gyare-gyare na fili ya rufe 80% na buƙatu, yanki na musamman na gami yana da ban sha'awa. Muna magana ne game da abubuwan da ke tushen nickel ko cobalt waɗanda aka zuba cikin matrices ɗin da baƙin ƙarfe ya mamaye don matuƙar sabis. Amma wani lokacin, kawai kuna buƙatar ƙarfe mai sauƙi tare da tweak. Silicon molybdenum baƙin ƙarfe don haɓakar yanayin zafin jiki, kamar na ɓangarorin shaye-shaye, misali ne mai kyau.
Kalubalen tare da haɗakar ƙarfe shine sarrafa rarrabuwa. Abubuwan haɗin gwiwar suna da alaƙa daban-daban don carbon, kuma suna iya tura ƙirar graphite ta hanyoyin da ba a zata ba yayin ƙarfafawa. Ba za ku iya jefa abubuwan kawai a cikin tanderun ba. Ƙididdigar jeri ce, tare da kula da zafin jiki a hankali. Muna kiyaye cikakken rajistan ayyukan don waɗannan zafi-lokaci, zazzabi, tsari na ƙari, nau'in inoculant da adadin. Yana da yawa girke-girke kamar tsarin ƙarfe.
Na tuna haɓaka babban baƙin ƙarfe ductile na siliki don aikace-aikacen famfo mai lalata. Silikon ya inganta juriya na lalata amma ya sa ƙarfe ya fi karye kuma yana da saurin zubewa. Dole ne mu daidaita shi tare da mafi girman abun ciki na nickel don kula da wasu tauri, kuma mun matsa zuwa wani tsawaita zagayowar sake zagayowar bayan simintin don rage damuwa. Ci gaban ya ɗauki sau uku. Abu na ƙarshe bai kasance daga kowane ma'auni ba; darajar mallaka ce da aka haifa daga wata matsala ta musamman. Nan ke nan jefa baƙin ƙarfe yana motsawa daga kayayyaki zuwa ingantaccen bayani.
Nagarta Tsari ne, Ba Bincike ba
Ba za ku iya bincika inganci a cikin simintin gyaran kafa ba. Wannan shi ne ainihin imani. Don baƙin ƙarfe, yana farawa tare da kayan caji - dawowar, ƙarfe na alade, guntun karfe. Masu gurɓata kamar gubar ko tin, ko da a cikin adadi mai yawa, na iya lalata tsarin graphite a cikin baƙin ƙarfe. Mun samo asali da kuma ware sosai.
Sannan akwai sarrafa tsari. Zuba zafin jiki yana da mahimmanci, amma haka shine lokacin tsakanin jiyya da zuba. Don baƙin ƙarfe ductile, magnesium fade gaskiya ne. Idan kun jira tsayi da yawa bayan jiyya na nodularizing, asarar iskar magnesium ta karu, adadin nodule ya ragu, kuma kuna haɗarin samun graphite mai lalacewa. Muna da m taga daga magani zuwa karshe mold zuba. Ana sa ido akan kowane zafi.
Gwajin mara lalacewa abokinka ne. Muna amfani da gwajin ultrasonic akan sassa masu mahimmanci don neman raguwa ko haɗawa. Amma gwajin da ya fi dacewa sau da yawa shine mai sauƙi: yanke-up da nazarin microstructure. Muna yin hakan akai-akai akan sassan labarin farko da binciken bazuwar. Duban sifar nodule graphite, girman, da rarrabawa ƙarƙashin na'ura mai ƙima yana ba ku ƙarin bayani game da lafiyar tsarin fiye da kowane bincike mai girma guda ɗaya. Hoton yatsa na wannan musamman narke da zuba. Bayan shekaru 30, za ku ji daɗi. Kuna iya duba tsarin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma kusan yin hasashen yawan zafin jiki da aikin inoculation. Wannan shine abin da ba a taɓa gani ba, ɓangaren gogewa wanda babu takamaiman takaddun da zai iya kamawa. Abin da ke juya aikin jefa baƙin ƙarfe daga matakin masana'anta zuwa sana'a.
