Bakin karfe ba kawai yana tsayayya da tsatsa ba - yana tsayayya da sulhu. Lokacin da gidaje na bawul ɗin ruwa dole ne su riƙe mashaya 420 ba tare da ɗigon micro-leakage ba, lokacin da silinda mai jujjuyawar ke juyawa a 3,600 rpm a ƙarƙashin slurry mai lalata, ko kuma lokacin da shingen winch na bakin teku ya jure hazo na gishiri da torsion na cyclic na shekaru 15 - daidaici kawai. simintin bakin karfe yana ba da daidaiton ƙarfe da amincin girma da ake buƙata.
Mun jefa sama da 12,000 abubuwan bakin karfe tun daga 2018 - ba kamar yadda ba kowa bane, amma kamar yadda taron aiki tare da kiran GD&T ya fi ± 0.02 mm, saman ya ƙare zuwa Ra 0.8 µm, da cikakken ganowa daga zafi mai yawa zuwa rahoton dubawa na ƙarshe. A cikin samarwa na gaske, mun ga abokan ciniki sun ƙi ɓangarorin ba don rashin ƙarfi ba, amma saboda rarrabuwar 0.05 mm a cikin flange flatness ya haifar da busa gasket yayin aikin filin. Shi ya sa yin simintin bakin karfe ba game da zuba karfe ba ne - game da sarrafa kuzarin ƙarfafa ƙarfi, sarrafa shrinkage na interdendritic, da daidaita kwararar hatsi tare da hanyoyin lodi kafin a fara ladle na farko.
Me yasa Simintin Zuba Jari Nasara don Complex Bakin Karfe Geometry
Simintin gyare-gyaren yashi yana ɗaukar manyan gidaje da sassa masu kauri-amma ga ɓangarorin matsa lamba masu sirara, manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa da yawa, ko masu ɗaukar injin turbine, simintin saka hannun jari ya mamaye. Its yumbu harsashi tsari kama fasali a matsayin lafiya kamar 0.3 mm hakarkarinsa da tolerances har zuwa CT4 ta ISO 8062. Mu routinely jefa CF8M (ASTM A351) da F316L (UNS S31603) a cikin sassa da bango kauri a karkashin 2.5 mm da al'amari rabo wuce 12: 1 mashin-geometries ba zai yiwu ba.
Amma nasara ta ta'allaka ne akan abubuwa uku da ba za'a iya sasantawa ba:
- Ƙirar ƙira wanda ke tsammanin ƙaddamarwar thermal-ba kawai raguwar layi ba (1.8-2.2% don 316), amma hargitsi na anisotropic a fadin fillet da muryoyin;
- Shell firing profile sanye da alloy chemistry-mafi girman maki chromium/nickel suna buƙatar ragewa a hankali da kuma tsayin zafi don guje wa ɗaukar carbon;
- Zuba sarrafa zafin jiki a cikin ± 15 ° C- zafi sosai yana kiran macrosegregation; sanyi sosai yana haifar da rufewar sanyi a cikin masu gudu ƙasa da faɗin mm 4.
Wani abokin cinikin mai na Arewacin Amurka ya canza daga yashi-simintin F22 zuwa CF8M-wanda aka zuba jari don majalissar jiki. Adadin gazawar su ya ragu daga 7.3% zuwa 0.4% -ba saboda mafi kyawun ƙarfe ba, amma saboda saka hannun jari ya kawar da ainihin lahani na canji wanda ke yin lahani ga amincin iyaka.
Ƙimar Boyewar Makin Karfe Bakin Karfe na “Standard”.
CF8, CF8M, CF3, CF3M-wadannan ba sa canzawa. Mun ga injiniyoyi sun ƙididdige CF8 don rumbun famfo na ruwan teku, kawai don gano lalatawa bayan watanni 14. Me yasa? CF8 ya ƙunshi ≤0.08% carbon kuma babu molybdenum. A cikin mahalli masu wadatar chloride, PREN ta (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) tana zaune a 18-20. CF3M, tare da 2.0-3.0% Mo da ƙananan carbon, yana tura PREN zuwa 25-28 - bambanci mai mahimmanci.
Zaɓin kayan abu ba na ka'ida bane. Yana aiki:
- F304L: An yarda da masu jigilar kayan abinci -ba don sabis na gas mai tsami sama da 60 ° C;
- F316L: Mafi ƙarancin na'urorin lantarki na teku -amma kawai idan an warware-annealed da wucewa bayan simintin gyare-gyare;
- CA6NM (ASTM A995 Gr. 4A): Ana buƙata don magudanar ruwa mai saurin gudu - 4% Ni + 13% Cr + 0.05% N yana ba da ƙarfin gajiya> 720 MPa.
Muna tabbatar da kowane zafi tare da PMI (Tsarin Kayan Aiki) kuma muna riƙe rahotannin gwajin niƙa waɗanda ke nuna ainihin abun ciki na Cr, Ni, Mo, da N-ba kawai "ya haɗu da ASTM ba." Domin batch ɗin da aka ba da izini zuwa F316L na iya faɗuwa kaɗan idan nitrogen ya kasance 0.03% maimakon 0.06%.
Daga Casting zuwa Aiki: Me yasa Haɗin Kai Tsaye Ya Muhimmanci
Ba a gama simintin bakin karfe lokacin da sashin ya yi sanyi. Fuskokin simintin gyare-gyare sun ƙunshi ƙananan porosity, saura damuwa, da sikelin oxide-babu wanda aka yarda da shi don ƙarami mai ƙarfi ko musaya masu juyawa. Wannan shine inda haɗin kai tsaye ya zama mai yanke hukunci.
A wurin aikinmu na Qingdao, kowane simintin bakin karfe yana fuskantar:
- Maganin zafi- warware matsalar a 1040-1120 ° C tare da kashe ruwa, an tabbatar da taswirar thermocouple;
- Machining-a kan cibiyoyin CNC na 5-axis waɗanda ke riƙe matsayi na gaskiya a cikin 0.01 mm akan ƙwanƙwasa Ø12 mm;
- Haɓaka farfajiya-electropolishing don Ra ragewa da sabuntar Layer, ko harbin peening don matsananciyar damuwa a cikin yankuna masu tsananin gajiya.
Wani abin hawa injiniyan Jamus OEM yana buƙatar gidaje na famfo na silinda tare da maida hankali <0.015 mm tsakanin guntu da fuska mai hawa. Yin simintin yashi kaɗai ba zai iya isar da shi ba. Tsarin mu na matasanmu - saka hannun jari yana fitar da sifar da ba ta da kyau, sannan ya ƙare da ban sha'awa da haɓakawa cikin saiti ɗaya - yanke guntun da kashi 62% da tsawaita rayuwar sabis daga sa'o'in aiki 8,000 zuwa 14,500.
Lokacin da kuke bukata simintin bakin karfe wanda ke yin-ba wai kawai ya wuce dubawa ba - kuna buƙatar abokan haɗin gwiwa waɗanda suka yi ɓarna samfuran ƙarfi don AMS 5387 cobalt alloys, ingantattun bayanan zafin jiki don casings na tushen T800, kuma sun gano 100% na ɗanyen abu yana zafi zuwa tanderun EAF. QINGDAO QIANGSENYUAN TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. yana gina wannan damar cikin kowane bangare-ba a matsayin da'awa ba, amma azaman rubuce-rubuce, jerin abubuwan da za a iya dubawa. Ba a ƙara daidaito a ƙarshe. An ƙirƙira shi a cikin hatsi na farko.
