Lokacin da kuka ji 'cobalt-based alloy', ƙungiyar nan da nan tana da matsananciyar yanayi - injin jet, hatimin injin turbine, bawul ɗin zafin jiki. Wannan ba laifi ba ne, amma iyakataccen ra'ayi ne. A cikin shekarun da nake hulɗa da waɗannan kayan don abubuwan masana'antu, Na ga ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun yanayin zafi suna haifar da wasu zaɓin ƙira mara kyau. Babban ƙalubale ba wai kawai suna iya ɗaukar zafi ba; yana sa su yi aiki da dogaro a cikin tsari tare da wasu, ƙarancin kayan aiki, ma'amala da hawan keke, galling, da tsadar farashin samun daidaitattun lissafi. Abu ne da ke hukunta zato.
Alloy Ba Ne Farko ba; Kasawar Shine
Ba wai kawai ka yanke shawarar yin amfani da gawa na tushen cobalt ba. Yawancin lokaci ana tilasta muku shiga. Wurin shiga gama gari shine gazawa mai maimaitawa a cikin a bangaren inji wanda aka yi da ƙarfe mai tauri ko ma daɗaɗɗen nickel. Na tuna da abokin ciniki mai ci gaba da layin simintin gyare-gyaren jagororin su, wanda aka yi daga babban ƙarfe na kayan aiki, sun ƙare cikin makonni. Batun ba kawai abrasion ba ne; ya kasance haɗuwa da matsakaicin zafi (kimanin 600-700 ° C), oxidation, da damuwa na cyclic yana haifar da micro-cracking. Canja zuwa gamon cobalt na gama gari daga kasida bai warware shi ba. Samfurin farko, ta amfani da Co-6 (Stellite 6), ya nuna mafi kyawun lalacewa amma fashe a ƙarƙashin girgizar zafi. Dole ne mu koma baya.
Darasin shine cewa tushen cobalt dangi ne babba. Don wannan nadi, muna buƙatar ma'auni. Mun matsa zuwa wani gami tare da mafi girma carbon da tungsten abun ciki don abrasion juriya, amma kuma tweaked chromium da molybdenum rabo ga mafi thermal gajiya rayuwa. Wannan aikin daidaitawa ne ke bayyana aikin. Fayilolin bayanan suna ba ku kaddarorin asali, amma hulɗar sabis shine abin da ke da mahimmanci. Ba kawai kuna siyan kaya ba; kana injiniyan aikin taga.
Wannan shine inda abokan hulɗa na dogon lokaci suka zama masu mahimmanci. Shagon da ke zuba karfe kawai ba zai yanke shi ba. Kuna buƙatar wanda ya fahimci halayen ƙarfafawa na waɗannan allurai-yadda suke da wuyar samun zafi mai zafi, yadda suke da hankali ga zubar da zafin jiki. Na yi aiki tare da Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY) akan samfura da yawa. Shekarunsu uku a cikin harsashi da simintin saka hannun jari, musamman jeri cobalt na tushen gami a matsayin ƙwararre, yana nufin sun san yin amfani da gyare-gyaren da aka riga aka yi masu zafi da kuma ƙimar sanyaya mai sarrafawa don hadadden famfo hatimin zobe da muka haɓaka. Wannan bangare zai fashe a wurare goma sha biyu tare da shago maras kwarewa.
Machining: Inda ainihin farashi da ciwon kai ke ɓoye
Kowa ya damu da farashin albarkatun kasa a kowace kilo. Mafi wayo shine damuwa game da farashin kowane guntu da aka gama. Machining cobalt alloys ne daban-daban dabba. Suna aiki-tauri da sauri. Kayan aiki mara ƙarancin ƙarfi ko ƙimar ciyarwa ba kawai sa kayan aikin bane; yana haifar da fata mai tauri akan kayan aikin da ke sa wucewa ta gaba kusan ba zai yiwu ba, sau da yawa yana lalata sashin.
Mun koyi wannan hanya mai wuya akan kujerun bawul. Shirin CNC wanda yayi aiki da kyau akan bakin 316 ya kasance bala'i. Ya haifar da filaye masu taɗi, fashe abubuwan da aka saka, da ƙima ba tare da ƙayyadaddu ba. Maganin ba kawai saurin gudu da ciyarwa ba ne. Ya kasance cikakkiyar dabarar kayan aiki: masu riƙe kayan aiki masu ƙarfi, takamaiman maki carbide tare da gefuna masu kaifi da rake mai kyau, da babban mai sanyaya mai ƙarfi wanda ke da niyya daidai gwargwado don sarrafa zafi da fitar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Yana da tsada, tsari mai maimaitawa.
Wannan wani yanki ne inda cikakkiyar damar sabis na masana'anta ke da mahimmanci. Kamfani kamar QSY, wanda ke sarrafa duka simintin gyare-gyare da kuma Injin CNC a cikin gida, yana da matukar amfani. Za su iya tsara tsarin yin simintin gyare-gyare tare da machining a zuciya-ƙara iznin hannun jari na dabaru, la'akari da daidaita maki-don haka ɓangaren ya canza daga ɗanyen simintin gyare-gyare zuwa abin da aka gama tare da ƴan hannun jari da ƙarancin haɗari. A gare mu, wannan haɗin kai ya yanke lokacin jagora akan gungu na injin turbine da kusan kashi 30% saboda masanan injiniyoyi da mutanen da suka samo asali suna magance matsaloli tare daga rana ɗaya.
Kyakkyawan Issa Tarko da Sauya Kayan Abu
Akwai matsi akai-akai don musanya. Ba za mu iya amfani da arha nickel gami ko saman shafi? Wani lokaci, eh. Amma sau da yawa, tattalin arzikin karya ne. Na shiga cikin wani aiki na famfon sarrafa sinadarai inda ƙayyadaddun ya yi kira ga haɗin gwiwar Co-28Cr-6Mo don haɗin lalata da juriyar cavitation. Wani mai siyarwa ya ba da shawarar abin da ake kira nickel-Copper alloy tare da welded mai lulluɓe na gami da cobalt. Ya kasance mai rahusa a gaba.
Ya kasa kasa da watanni shida. Lalacewar abin rufe fuska. Darasin shine don mai ƙarfi, ɗaukar kaya sassa na inji Dangane da kafofin watsa labarai masu lalata da lalacewa, ƙayyadaddun kadarorin ƙaƙƙarfan cobalt gami ba za a iya maye gurbinsu ba. Ƙaƙwalwar ƙasa da abin rufewa koyaushe za su kasance suna da iyaka wanda zai iya zama wurin farawa na gazawa. Kuna maye gurbin a cikin haɗarin ku, kuma yawanci yana buƙatar cikakken gwajin filin don tabbatar da shi, wanda ya fi tsada fiye da yin shi daidai a karon farko.
Wannan shine ainihin ɓangaren ƙima ga ƙwararru. Lokacin da kuka yi aiki tare da kafaffen da ke jera waɗannan gami na musamman a matsayin ƙwarewar asali, kamar yadda kuke gani Yanar Gizo na QSY, ba kawai kuna shiga tanderun wuta ba. Kuna samun damar yin amfani da shekaru talatin na tara hukunci akan lokacin da waɗannan kayan suka zama dole da lokacin da za su iya wuce gona da iri. Ana gasa waccan shawarwarin a cikin tsari.
Harka a Batun: Nasara da Tambaya mai Daurewa
Nasarar bayyanannen saitin faranti na lalacewa don ƙwanƙwasa mai zafi a cikin injin ƙarfe. Yanayin ya kasance m: hulɗar tsaka-tsaki tare da ƙarfe 900°C, sanyayawar ruwa, da ƙaƙƙarfan lalacewa. Mun yi amfani da cobalt gami da babban adadin carbide. Tsarin simintin gyare-gyare ta hanyar gyare-gyaren harsashi a QSY shine maɓalli-ya ba mu kwanciyar hankali mai girma da ƙarewar da ake buƙata don ɓangaren da ke da siffa mai yawa, yana rage mashin ɗin tsada a kan waɗancan filaye masu tauri. Sassan sun wuce maganin da ya gabata da ninki biyar. Nasarar da kuke nema kenan.
Amma ba kowane labari ne mai tsabta haka ba. Kwanan nan mun gwada sabon, abin mallaka na cobalt gami don ɓangaren kayan aikin downhole. Ya yi alkawarin juriya mai ban mamaki. A cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, tauraro ne. A cikin filin, ya farfashe kan nauyin farko mai tasiri. Binciken bayan mutuwar ya nuna matsala tare da ɓarna na tsaka-tsakin da ba a bayyana ba a daidaitattun gwaje-gwajen ASTM. Ya saita aikin baya watanni. Yana da tunatarwa cewa tare da waɗannan ci-gaba kayan, babu wani madadin ainihin duniya, takamaiman shirin tabbatar da aikace-aikace. Ilimin abin duniya rabin labarin ne kawai.
Neman Gaba: Additive and the Future Geometry
Kowa yana magana ne game da masana'antar ƙari don waɗannan gami. Yana ɗaukar alƙawarin ga geometries wanda ba zai yuwu ba — tashoshi masu sanyaya na ciki, sifofin lattice. Amma a yanzu, ga mafi yawan girma, babban abin dogaro cobalt tushen gami sassa, simintin gyaran kafa har yanzu sarki ne. Mutuncin ƙarfe na ƙarfe da kaddarorin isotropic na wani ɓangaren simintin gyaran kafa yana da wuya a doke shi tare da tsarin Layer-by-Layer wanda zai iya gabatar da sabbin nau'ikan lahani.
Wannan ya ce, muna kallonsa a hankali. Ikon buga preform na kusa-net-siffa na hadadden bututun mai sannan a gama shi da mashin din CNC na iya zama mai canza wasa. Zai rage sharar kayan abu sosai. Kamfanonin da suka riga sun ƙware duka simintin gyare-gyare da injina, kamar ƙungiyar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., suna da kyakkyawan matsayi don haɗa irin waɗannan fasahohin lokacin da suka girma don mahimman abubuwan. Kwarewarsu game da halayen kayan a cikin ruwa mai ƙarfi da jahohi masu ƙarfi shine tushen ilimin da kuke buƙatar tantance kowane sabon tsari.
To, a ina hakan ya bar mu? Cobalt gami ba harsashin sihiri ba ne. Kayan aiki ne na musamman. Makullin yin amfani da su yadda ya kamata shine farawa da yanayin gazawa, mutunta ƙaƙƙarfan ƙera su da injina, da haɗin gwiwa tare da masu ƙirƙira waɗanda ke da tabo don tabbatar da sun san abin da suke yi. Makasudin ba shine kawai don yin wani sashi daga abin da ya dace ba; shi ne don yin wani sashi wanda ya ɓace cikin aminci, sabis mara yankewa. Wannan shine ainihin ma'aunin nasara.
