Lokacin da kuka ji 'castile iron simintin gyare-gyare', abu na farko da zai zo a hankali shine tsarin graphite nodular, spheroids wanda ke ba shi sassauci. Amma a cikin ginin tushe, wannan shine kawai wurin farawa. Babban ƙalubale ba shine cimma nodularization ba-mafi yawan ingantattun abubuwan ganowa zasu iya sarrafa hakan tare da maganin MgFeSi. Yana sarrafa duk abin da ke faruwa kafin da bayan wannan lokacin don samun simintin gyare-gyaren da ba wai kawai ya ci gwajin gwaji ba, amma yana yin aiki a cikin filin ba tare da fashewa cikin matsin lamba ko kasawa da wuri ba daga raguwar ƙasa. Na ga bayanai da yawa da yawa waɗanda kawai ke kira ga baƙin ƙarfe kuma suna ɗauka Grade 60-40-18 an bayar. Ba haka ba. Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin simintin sauti da guntun tarkace yakan ta'allaka ne a cikin ƙirar tsarin gating, ƙimar sanyaya a cikin ƙirar, har ma da lokacin fade inoculant - cikakkun bayanai waɗanda ba su kai ga takardar shaidar kayan ba.
Rawar da Ba a Fahimce Ba Na Inoculation da Mold Interaction
Bari muyi magana inoculation. Ba yarjejeniyar harbi daya ba ce bayan jiyya. Late rafi inoculation daidai yake, tabbas, amma idan ƙirar ku sanyi ne, yashi mai yawa na guduro, kuna yaƙin daban. Saurin sanyi na iya haɓaka carbides, musamman a cikin sassan bakin ciki, har ma da inoculation mai kyau. Na tuna da tarin jikin bawul ɗin ruwa da muka yi, watakila shekaru biyar baya. Chemistry ya kasance cikakke, magani shine littafin karatu. Amma muna da matsalolin taurin dagewa akan fuskokin flange. An fitar da tsarin gyare-gyaren harsashi da muke amfani da su - na musamman na shaguna kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY) waɗanda suke da zurfin gogewa tare da harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa- a zahiri yana sanyaya ƙarfe da sauri a waɗannan takamaiman wuraren. Dole ne mu tweak da mold, canza zuwa mafi m inoculant dauke da bismuth, da kuma daidaita zub da zazzabi da kawai 15 ° C. Wannan ƙaramin taga ya bambanta tsakanin yarda da ƙi. Wannan nau'in ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsari ne kawai kuke koya ta hanyar gudanar da samarwa da ganin alamu a cikin rahotannin gazawa.
Wannan yana da alaƙa zuwa mafi fa'ida game da haɗin gwiwa tare da kafa. Ba ka so kawai wanda zai iya zuba baƙin ƙarfe. Kuna buƙatar abokin tarayya wanda ya fahimci duk sarkar masana'anta. Misali, idan simintin gyare-gyare na buƙatar hadaddun tashoshi na ciki da kuma daga baya Injin CNC don madaidaicin filayen rufewa, tsarin ginin tushe zuwa babban taro da kuma yadda suke ƙira don ƙarancin saura damuwa ya zama mahimmanci. Shagon da ke yin simintin gyare-gyare kawai bazai haifar da matsalolin injinan da ke bayyana ɓoyayyun porosity ba. Haɗaɗɗen aiki a tsaye, kamar wanda aka yi dalla-dalla a https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, wanda ke sarrafa duka simintin gyare-gyare da machining, ƙirar ƙira tare da mataki na gaba a hankali. Sun san inda za su sanya feeders ba don sauti kawai ba, har ma don barin kyawawan kayayyaki masu dacewa don shagon injin, guje wa tabo mai wahala waɗanda ke lalata kayan aiki.
Da yake magana game da mashin ɗin, wannan wani yanki ne inda sunan ductile baƙin ƙarfe na iya aiki mai kyau na iya zama yaudara. Haka ne, ya fi ƙarfe baƙin ƙarfe kyau dangane da rayuwar kayan aiki, gabaɗaya. Amma machinability na 65-45-12 grade na iya bambanta da yawa bisa ga pearlite/ferrite rabo a cikin microstructure. Wani ɓangaren da ke da yawa ferritic zai ƙulla kayan aiki, yayin da wanda ke da lu'u-lu'u da yawa (musamman idan yana da m) yana sa abubuwan sawa cikin sauri. Gine-ginen yana buƙatar sarrafa yanayin sanyaya da kuma yuwuwar ɓarnawa na gaba don buga tsarin da ya dace don mashin ɗin, ba kawai don ƙarfin ɗaure ba. Ayyukan daidaitawa ne.
Gating da Ciyarwa: Inda Ka'idar ta Haɗu da bene
Matsakaicin gating na littafin rubutu wuri ne mai aminci, amma galibi suna kasawa a aikace don hadaddun geometries. Makasudin shine cikawa mai natsuwa don guje wa ɓacin rai da zubar da hankali, amma kuma don jagorantar mafi kyawun ƙarfe zuwa sassan da ke buƙatar ciyarwa. Don simintin ƙarfe mai nauyi-bangaren ductile, kamar babu kayan aiki ko gidan famfo, kuna fuskantar raguwa mai mahimmanci. Matsala ce ta ciyarwa, amma kuma matsalar fadada graphite ce. Fadadawa a lokacin ƙarfafawa zai iya ramawa don raguwa, amma kawai idan ƙirar ta kasance m isa ya ƙunshi shi. Idan bangon mold yana motsawa, kuna samun raguwar porosity. Shi ya sa zabi tsakanin koren yashi da yashi mai hade da sinadarai (kamar Furen ko urethane) ba karamin abu bane. Don ɓangarorin masu inganci, mafi girman tsauri na tsarin haɗin sinadarai galibi yakan cancanci ƙarin farashi.
Mun koyi wannan hanya mai wuya akan aikin na'ura mai kwakwalwa. Siffa ce mai sauƙi, amma tare da sashin cibiya mai kauri ɗaya. Mun yi amfani da daidaitaccen tsarin ƙofa mai matsa lamba a cikin koren yashi. Simintin gyare-gyaren sun wuce X-ray, amma a gwajin gwaji, wasu kaɗan sun gaza a wurin. Lalacewar ba ta kasance mai raguwa ba; ya kasance fiye da tarwatsa microporosity. Katangar ƙirar ta sami ɗan ɗanɗano, isa ya hana bututu amma bai isa ya tabbatar da cikar girma ba. Mun canza zuwa ƙera yashi mai yashi don wannan sashin kawai (canji mai tsada amma dole) kuma mun aiwatar da dabarun sanyi mai ƙarfi kusa da cibiya a cikin ƙirar. An warware batun. Takeaway? Ba za ku iya tsara tsarin gating kawai ba. Dole ne ku tsara ƙirar ƙira da yanayin sanyaya kewaye da shi.
Wannan shine inda shekarun da suka gabata na ƙirƙira ƙira da ƙwarewar injiniyan ƙira suke biya. Kamfanin da ke da dogon tarihi, ya ce sama da shekaru 30 kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin tarihin aiki na QSY, ya gina ɗakin karatu na hankali na waɗannan alaƙa. Sun ga abin da ke aiki don manifold tare da cibiyar wheel. Wannan ilimin tacit yana sanar da ƙirar tsarin su na farko, yana hana ɓarna gwaji-da-kuskure da yawa. Ba wani abu ba ne da za ku iya haɗawa cikin sauƙi a cikin simintin software, kodayake simulation yana taimakawa wajen taƙaita zaɓuɓɓukan.
Material Nuances: Ba Iron da Carbon kawai ba ne
Ƙarfin ƙarfe ba abu ɗaya ba ne. Madaidaicin maki ASTM (60-40-18, 65-45-12, 80-55-06, da sauransu) an ayyana su ta mafi ƙarancin ƙarfi da ƙarfin samarwa da haɓakawa. Amma sauye-sauyen da ba a ambata ba - juriya na tasiri a ƙananan zafin jiki, ƙarfin gajiya, ƙarfin zafin jiki - suna da tasiri sosai ta hanyar abubuwan ganowa da maganin zafi. Alal misali, manganese. A cikin karfe, yana da ƙarfi. A cikin baƙin ƙarfe ductile, babban Mn (sama da 0.3% ko makamancin haka) ya keɓe zuwa iyakokin tantanin halitta kuma yana haɓaka pearlite, wanda yake da kyau, amma kuma yana iya samar da carbides waɗanda ke cutar da tauri da machinability. Dole ne ku kiyaye shi ƙasa, wanda sau da yawa yana nufin yin amfani da ƙarfe mai tsabta mai tsabta ko karfe.
Sannan akwai jan karfe da kwano, ana amfani da su azaman masu tallata lu'u-lu'u don samun ƙarfin ƙarfin maki. Amma dole ne a kara su da daidaito. Da yawa, kuma kuna haɗarin juyawa sanyi ko taurin wuce gona da iri. Na ga jerin simintin gyare-gyaren da ake nufi da su 80-55-06 sun fito kusa da su saboda an yi kuskuren lissafin kari na kwano. Sun kasance masu ƙarfi kamar jahannama, amma gaggautsa. Dole ne a sake sabunta su, wanda ya kara farashi da lokacin sake zagayowar. Tunatarwa ce cewa sarrafa sinadarai na tanderu horo ne na yau da kullun, na sa'a.
Kuma wannan shi ne kafin ka ko da la'akari musamman gami. Duk da yake daidaitattun ƙarfe na ductile suna rufe yawancin buƙatun masana'antu, wani lokacin kuna buƙatar baƙin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi don lalacewa ko juriya mai zafi - ƙara nickel, chromium, ko molybdenum. Ko, aikace-aikacen yana buƙatar dangin kayan abu daban daban, kamar su cobalt na tushen gami ko nickel tushen gami cewa wasu ci-gaba foundries rike. Har ila yau ana amfani da ainihin ƙa'idodin simintin sauti, amma narkewa, jiyya, da ayyukan zubewa sun zama mafi mahimmanci. Gefen kuskure yana raguwa. Kamfanonin da ke samun nasarar sarrafa waɗannan ƙayayyun kayan ƙila yana da tsauraran matakan sarrafawa da ake buƙata don yin simintin ƙarfe na musamman.
Haƙiƙanin Hakuri da Ƙarshe
Wani ciwon kai mai amfani yana riƙe da girma. Ƙarfin ƙwanƙwasa yana da ƙayyadaddun izinin ƙima na ƙirar ƙira, yawanci kusan 0.8-1.0%. Amma ba uniform ba ne. Dogayen simintin simintin gyare-gyare zai bambanta da ɗan ƙaramin abu, mai siffar sukari. Tsarin da kansa dole ne a gyara shi don wannan murdiya da ake tsammani, wanda ya fi fasaha fiye da kimiyya. Muna amfani da sikanin 3D akan simintin gyare-gyare na farko don kwatantawa da ƙirar CAD, sa'an nan kuma daidaita tsarin. Yana cin lokaci.
Ƙarshen saman wani ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai ne da ke samun haske. Tsaftataccen wuri mai santsi kamar simintin simintin gyare-gyare ba kawai game da kyan gani ba; yana rage lokacin tsaftacewa, yana inganta mannewa mai sutura, kuma yana iya zama yanayin rayuwa mai gajiya. Kyakkyawan yashi mai gyare-gyare (lambar AFS) da nau'in gyare-gyaren ƙira sune maɓalli. M, kone-kone saman yashi sau da yawa yana nuna yawan zafin jiki wanda ya yi yawa, ko yashi mai ƙarancin refractoriness. Amma wani lokacin, ɗan ƙaramin ƙasa a cikin wuraren da ba su da mahimmanci shine cinikin cinikin da kuka karɓa don tabbatar da cikakken cika sassan bakin ciki. Kiran hukunci ne.
Wannan shine inda samfurin cikakken sabis ke nuna ƙimar sa. Lokacin da mahaɗan ɗaya ke da alhakin yin simintin gyare-gyare da na gaba Injin CNC, suna daukar cikakken ra'ayi na sashin. Suna iya yanke shawarar barin ƙarin 2mm na haja akan fuskar da ke da saurin haɗawa da yashi, sanin kantin injin ɗin su na iya tsaftace shi da dogaro. Suna tsara shimfidar simintin gyare-gyare da gating don rage aikin tsaftacewa. Wannan haɗin kai yana kawar da nuna yatsa wanda zai iya faruwa tsakanin ɓangarorin simintin gyare-gyare da na'ura na inji lokacin da matsala ta taso. An mayar da hankali kan isar da abin da aka gama, mai aiki.
Kallon Baya da Ci gaba
Bayan shekaru a cikin wannan filin, za ka fara ganin ductile iron ba a matsayin kayan aiki ba, amma a matsayin tsarin. Tsarin ya haɗa da kayan caji, tsarin jiyya, ƙirar ƙirar ƙira da kayan aiki, aikin zub da ruwa, da ayyukan da aka yi bayan simintin. Rashin rauni a cikin kowane hanyar haɗi yana nunawa a cikin ɓangaren ƙarshe, wani lokaci nan da nan, wani lokacin watanni daga baya a cikin filin. Mafi kyawun wuraren da aka kafa ba kawai suna aiki da waɗannan matakan ba; sun fahimci alaka-da-sakamako tsakanin su.
Shi ya sa a lokacin da ake kimanta mai kaya, ba na kallon ƙaramar da'awar tallarsu da ƙari ga hanyar warware matsalolinsu. Shin suna da cikakkun takaddun tsari don kowane aiki? Za su iya bayyana dalilin da ya sa suka zaɓi takamaiman girman feeder ko zub da zafin jiki? Shin suna rubuta sabani da sakamako? Abokin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masana, kamar wacce aka bayyana a gabatarwar tare da mai da hankali kan shekaru talatin harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa, zuba jari, da machining, yawanci yana da tushen wannan horo. Gidan yanar gizon su, tsingtaocnc.com, alamu a wannan faɗin iyawa, wanda ke nuna cewa dole ne su warware ɗimbin kalubale na fasaha a cikin matakai da kayan aiki daban-daban, daga jefa baƙin ƙarfe kuma karfe ga wadancan musamman gami.
A ƙarshe, nasara ductile baƙin ƙarfe simintin gyaran kafa game da daidaiton sarrafawa da daidaitawar bayanai. Babu wata hanya madaidaiciya, kawai hanyar da ke samar da sauti, sashin aiki don ƙirar da aka bayar, cikin farashi, da kan lokaci. Sana'a ce da kimiyya ke goyan bayansa, kuma tarin ƙananan darussa ne masu wahala-yawanci da gazawa-wanda ke raba ƙwararrun tushe daga abin dogaro da gaske. Makasudin shine koyaushe don sanya tsarin tsinkaya, don haka aikin simintin gyare-gyare a hannun abokin ciniki baya shakka.
