Duba, simintin yashi mai nauyi. Yana sauti kai tsaye, dama? Zuba narkakkarfan ƙarfe a cikin kwandon yashi, bari nauyi ya yi abinsa, ya fasa sashin. Na ji wannan sauƙaƙan sigar sau dubu, kuma shine abin da ke haifar da babban kuskure na farko: cewa arha ne kawai, ƙarancin fasaha don siffofi masu sauƙi. Gaskiyar, nuance, shine inda ainihin sana'a yake. Ba wai kawai yin siffa ba ne; yana da game da sarrafa ƙarfi a cikin wannan rami na yashi, sarrafa yanayin zafi ta hanyar kayan da ke da datti, da kuma tsammanin yadda karfe zai kasance lokacin da kawai aka cire shi da nauyinsa. Wannan ita ce tazarar da ke tsakanin simintin gyare-gyaren da za a iya amfani da shi da tari. Na ga shaguna suna cike da sauƙi da sauƙi sannan kuma suna fuskantar matsala ta rashin daidaituwa ko girman girman da ba su dace ba, duk saboda sun ɗauki yashi a matsayin akwati kawai, ba wani muhimmin sashi na tsarin zafi ba.
Yashi Ba Yashi Ne Kawai
Wataƙila wannan shi ne abin da ba a kula da shi ba. Lokacin da muke magana game da nauyi yashi simintin gyaran kafa mold, ba mu magana game da bakin teku yashi. Tsarin tsari ne. Mai ɗaure-ko yashi kore ne (laka mai ɗaure), resin-boded, ko wani abu dabam-yana canza wasan gaba ɗaya. Koren yashi yana da wannan filastik, wanda ke ba da abin ban mamaki ga wasu geometries kuma yana ba da izinin girgizawa mai kyau. Amma danshi abun ciki? Mafarki mai ban tsoro don kiyaye daidaito a cikin yanayi mai sanyi. Canji na kashi ɗaya ko biyu na iya haifar da lahani na iskar gas, wannan ƙaƙƙarfan porosity daidai a ƙarƙashin fatar simintin da kawai kuke samu yayin injina. Na tuna wani gungu na ɓangarorin ƙarfe da muka yi; saman ya yi kama da kamala, amma shagon mashin din ya kira mu da hotunan kananan ramuka a duk fadin da aka fuskanta. Mai laifi? Wani zafi a cikin dare mun tsara wannan sashin. Yashin ya damko karin danshi, wanda ya koma tururi a take karfen ya buge shi.
Sa'an nan kuma kuna da yashi mai ɗaure, kamar furan ko phenolic-urethane. Ingantacciyar kwanciyar hankali mai girma da ƙarewar ƙasa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa galibi ana amfani da su don ƙarin hadaddun muryoyin ciki nauyi yashi simintin gyaran kafa. Amma cinikin da ake samu shine wari, farashi, da kuma gaskiyar cewa yashi ya zama abin sharar gida wanda ya fi wuya a kwato. Kuna sayen sabon yashi akai-akai. Kuma ƙirar gating ɗin dole ne ta kasance tabo. Tare da koren yashi, akwai yuwuwar barin iskar gas ya tsere. Tare da wasu daga cikin waɗannan tsarukan guduro mai ƙarfi, idan fiɗaɗɗen iskan ku ba cikakke ba ne, kuna tara iskar gas kuma kuna haifar da busa. Daidaitaccen ma'auni ne tsakanin kayan abu, farashi, da buƙatun ɓangaren ƙarshe.
Kuma core yin shi ne nasa sararin duniya. Don hanyoyin ciki a cikin jikin bawul ko toshewar injin, kuna sauke babban yashi cikin ƙirar. Tushen dole ne ya kasance mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya sarrafa narkakken matsi na ƙarfe ba tare da wankewa ba, amma kuma yana iya rugujewa don ƙyale simintin ya ragu ba tare da haifar da zafafan hawaye ba. Samun wannan ainihin yashi girke-girke daidai-haɗin yashi, ɗaure, da ƙari-shine alchemy. Na ga muryoyin da suka yi ƙarfi a zahiri suna fasa simintin gyare-gyare yayin da suke sanyaya kuma suna yin kwangila a kusa da wannan sigar cikin gida mara jurewa. Wasu lokuta, cibiya za ta yi laushi da wuri, yana sa ƙarfen ya kutsawa ya haifar da fins a wuraren da ba za ku taɓa iya tsaftacewa ba. Ba a taɓa yin siffar yashi kawai ba.
Gating, Ciyarwa, da Physics na Yawo
Tsarin gating shine bututun narkakken ƙarfe. Yana kama da cikakken bayani na biyu, amma firamare ne. A ciki nauyi yashi simintin gyaran kafa, ba ku da babban matsi don tilasta-ciyar da karfe. Kuna dogara da kan na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa - tsayin karfe a cikin sprue - don samar da matsa lamba don cika rami. Idan sprue ɗinku gajere ne, ƙila ba za ku cika sassan sirara ba. Yayi tsayi sosai, kuma kuna samun tashin hankali da yawa, wanda ke gabatar da haɗaɗɗun oxide da iska a cikin rafi. Manufar ita ce kwararar laminar. Kuna so karfe ya cika mold a hankali, kamar zuba syrup, ba kamar ruwa ba.
Mun koyi wannan hanya mai wuya a kan jerin ɗakunan famfo na bakin karfe don abokin ciniki. Zane na farko yana da sauƙi mai sauƙi a cikin ingate guda ɗaya. Simintin gyare-gyaren ya ci gaba da fitowa da abin da ke kama da datti a kusa da saman. Bayan an raba su da nazari, ba ƙazanta ba ne—ƙarfe ne da ƙorafin da aka tsinke a lokacin zuba. Mun sake fasalin gating don haɗa rijiya a kasan sprue don kama karfe na farko, mafi ƙazanta, kuma mun yi amfani da tsarin mai gudu tare da yawa, ƙananan inates don rarraba magudanar ruwa daidai. Adadin lahani ya ragu da sama da 70%. Wannan shine bambancin tsari mai kyau. Ba sihiri ba ne; ana amfani da kuzarin ruwa.
Sannan akwai ciyarwa-masu tashi. Waɗannan su ne tafkunan ƙarfe na zafi waɗanda ke ciyar da simintin gyaran kafa yayin da yake ƙarfafawa da raguwa. Karfe yana raguwa yayin da yake tafiya daga ruwa zuwa m. Idan ba ku ciyar da wannan raguwa ba, kuna samun raguwar porosity, spongy, rauni a cikin simintin gyaran kafa. Dabarar ita ce sanya mai tashi a daidai wurin da ya dace, yana mai da shi girman da ya dace, da kuma tabbatar da cewa ya yi zafi fiye da sashe na simintin da yake ciyarwa. Wani lokaci kuna buƙatar rigunan rigunan exothermic don kiyaye wannan ƙarfe ya narke. Yana da duka game da ƙarfafawar kwatance: yin simintin gyare-gyaren da aka ɗora daga ɓangarorin baya zuwa ga mai tashi, don haka mai tashi zai iya ciyar da ƙarfen ruwa akai-akai zuwa wuraren da ke raguwa. Matashin da ba a saka shi ba shine mataccen nauyi ne kawai dole ka yanke; wanda aka tsara da kyau shine inshora na ƙarfe mai sauti.
Zaɓuɓɓukan Kayayyaki da Rawar Ƙarfafawa
Ƙarfe ɗin da kuka zaɓa yana tsara duk abin da ke cikin nauyi yashi simintin gyaran kafa tsari. Ƙarfe mai launin toka ba ya yin wani abu kamar baƙin ƙarfe na ductile, wanda ba kome ba ne kamar karfe ko abin da aka yi da nickel. baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka, tare da flakes ɗin graphite, yana da ruwa mai kyau da haɓaka gogewa yayin ƙarfafawa saboda hazo mai graphite. Wannan na iya taimakawa a haƙiƙa don rage matsalolin raguwa. Ƙarfin ƙura, tare da graphite ɗin sa, yana da halaye daban-daban na raguwa kuma ya fi saurin ɓarkewar samuwar idan ba a kula da shi a hankali ba.
Karfe dabba ne. Yawan zafin jiki ya fi ƙarfin ƙarfe, wanda ke nufin ƙarin zafi don sarrafawa. Yashi mold yana samun firgita zafin zafi. Karfe kuma yana da ƙimar raguwa mafi girma-kusan 2% ko fiye don ƙarfe na carbon. Tsarin ciyarwar ku (mai tashi) dole ne ya zama babba kuma ya fi ƙarfi. Kuma tare da wasu gami, kamar bakin karfe ko babban gami, ruwa na iya zama ƙasa, yana buƙatar ƙirar gating da hankali don cika sassan bakin ciki. Na yi aiki da shaguna kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) akan ayyukan da suka shafi gami na musamman. Kuna iya ganin kwarewarsu akan rukunin yanar gizon su a https://www.tsingtaocnc.com. Lokacin da kuke mu'amala da kayan kwalliyar cobalt ko na tushen nickel, farashin ƙarfen kansa yana da yawa sosai har ƙwanƙwasa simintin ya zama babban asara. Gefen kuskure yana raguwa. Gudanar da tsari-daga zafin yashi zuwa zafin jiki na ƙarfe zuwa saurin zuƙowa-dole ne a hankali. Dogon tarihinsu na yin simintin gyare-gyare da injina, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin gabatarwar su, yana nuna cewa sun zagaya waɗannan takamaiman ƙalubalen ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki a cikin tsarin harsashi, saka hannun jari da yashi.
Aluminum da jan ƙarfe na tushen gami wata duniya ce gaba ɗaya. Suna zubowa a ƙananan zafin jiki amma suna iya zama mai haƙori. Sau da yawa suna buƙatar zubar da ruwa a cikin tanderu ko ladle kafin a zubar don cire hydrogen, wanda ke haifar da porosity mai yawa. Yashi yana buƙatar bushewa sosai. Duk wani danshi zai mayar da martani da karfi tare da aluminium, ba kawai haifar da iskar gas ba amma yana iya haifar da fashewar tururi wanda ke lalata ƙirar. Kowane abu yana da nasa hali, nasa buƙatun akan tsari.
Inda Ya Dace Da Lokacin Duba Wani Wuri
Yashi mai nauyi ya yi fice a matsakaita zuwa manyan sassa tare da in mun gwada da sauki zuwa matsakaicin hadaddun geometries. Yi tunanin tubalan injin, ɗakunan gearbox, manyan jikunan bawul, sansanonin kayan aikin injin, kwandon famfo. Yana da tsada-tasiri ga ƙananan ƙarami zuwa matsakaita saboda kayan aiki (tsarin) ba shi da tsada sosai idan aka kwatanta da ƙura ta dindindin ko jefarwar mutuwa. Lokacin jagora don samar da sabon sashi na iya zama gajere idan kuna amfani da tsarin itace ko filastik. Girman kewayon kusan ba shi da iyaka - zaku iya jefa sassa masu nauyin ton.
Amma yana da iyaka. Ƙarshen filaye da daidaiton girma, yayin da yake da kyau, ba su da ƙarfi kamar yadda kuke samu tare da simintin saka hannun jari ko babban simintin mutuwa. Idan kana buƙatar wani sashi mai bangon bakin ciki (a ƙasa watakila 1/8 inch don yawancin karafa), ƙayyadaddun cikakkun bayanai na ciki, ko saman madubi kamar simintin gyare-gyare, tabbas kuna kallon simintin saka hannun jari. Shi ya sa ma'auni mai cikakken sabis kamar QSY za su ba da nau'ikan harsashi da simintin saka hannun jari tare da iyawarsu. Shell mold yana ba ku matakin haɓaka daidai da gamawa daga simintin yashi na asali, kuma simintin saka hannun jari yana ci gaba. Yana game da daidaita tsari da buƙatun ɓangaren.
Babban abin la'akari shine yawan samarwa. Yin kowane yashi yashi da hannu yana jinkirin. Don samar da ƙananan sassa masu girma, ana samun layukan gyaran yashi mai sarrafa kansa, amma wannan babban jari ne. Don shagon aiki ko na samfuri, manual ko Semi-atomatik nauyi yashi simintin gyaran kafa yana da sauƙin sassauƙa. Kuna iya yin kashe-kashe ɗaya ko ƙananan batches ba tare da karya banki akan kayan aiki ba. Tsarin dokin aiki ne don dalili - yana da sauƙin daidaitawa, gafartawa ta wasu hanyoyi (koyaushe zaka iya gyara tsarin), kuma yana iya samar da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, abubuwan ɗorewa.
Sauye-sauyen da ba makawa da kuma Halin Dan Adam
Komai nawa kuka daidaita, aikin ganowa yana cike da masu canji. Yanayin yashi lokacin da kuke zubawa. Yanayin zafin karfe a cikin ladle-kuma yana yin sanyi yayin da kuke zubawa, don haka ƙirar ƙarshe a cikin jerin na iya samun ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfe fiye da na farko. Fasahar mai zubawa. Kyakkyawan mai zubawa yana sarrafa saurin, yana kiyaye sprue cikakke don kula da matsa lamba na kai, kuma yana rage tashin hankali. novice na iya lalata ingantaccen ƙirar ƙira.
Sannan akwai shakeout da tsaftacewa. Yanke yashi baya da alama mai sauƙi, amma kuna iya lalata simintin gyaran kafa idan kun yi tauri. Ana buƙatar yanke ƙofofin da masu tashi, yawanci tare da bandsaw ko abin yanka. Sannan akwai niƙa don santsin wuraren da aka yanke, harbin iska mai ƙarfi don tsaftace saman, da sau da yawa maganin zafi don abubuwan ƙarshe. Kowane mataki yana gabatar da yuwuwar kuskure ko lalacewa. Na ga kyakyawan simintin sauti yana samun gouge mai zurfi daga injin niƙa mai wuce gona da iri, yana mai da shi aikin gyara ko guntuwa.
A karshen ranar, nauyi yashi simintin gyaran kafa tsari ne na tushe. Ba abin burgewa ba ne. Sau da yawa yana da datti da zafi. Amma akwai gamsuwa mai zurfi a cikin ɗaukar tulin yashi, dunƙule na ƙarfe, da juya shi zuwa wani madaidaici, mai aiki, kayan ɗaukar kaya ta hanyar fahimtar waɗannan ƙa'idodi na asali. Cakuda ce ta tsohuwar fasaha da kimiyyar ƙarfe ta zamani. Shagunan da ke yin shi da kyau, waɗanda ke da shekarun da suka gabata a ƙarƙashin bel ɗin su kamar QSY, sun internalized duk waɗannan nuances - girke-girke na yashi, ƙa'idodin gating na babban yatsa, quirks na kowane gami. Ba kawai yin simintin gyare-gyare ba; suna gudanar da taron ƙarfafa ƙarfi mai sarrafawa. Kuma wannan shine ainihin dabarar sa.
