Lokacin da yawancin mutane suka ji 'masana'antar simintin kakin zuma da ta ɓace', suna ɗaukar hoto mai duhu, wuri mara kyau yana zuba narkakken ƙarfe. Wannan farawa ne, amma ya rasa ma'anar gaba ɗaya. Aiki na ainihi, ƙimar, ba a cikin zube ba - yana cikin duk abin da ya faru kafin da bayan. Dakin kakin zuma, harsashi yumbu, gamawa... anan ne masana'anta suka rabu da taron bita.
Core Ba Furnace Ba
Yi tafiya cikin ingantaccen kayan aiki kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kuma abu na farko da ya same ku ba zafi ba ne. Daidai ne a wurin allurar kakin zuma. Zazzabi na kakin zuma, matsa lamba, lokacin sake zagayowar-samu wannan kuskuren, kuma simintin ƙarshe na ku ya zama tarkace, komai kyawun narkenku. Na ga shaguna suna zubar da tarin karafa saboda sun dauki tsarin kakin zuma kamar matakin da za a iya zubarwa. A QSY, tare da shekaru 30, suna ɗaukar ɗakin kakin zuma kamar kantin CNC. Wannan shine tunanin.
Sai ginin harsashi ya zo. Simintin saka hannun jari, simintin gyare-gyaren harsashi—mutane suna amfani da sharuɗɗan a hankali. Bambance-bambancen yana cikin kashin baya na harsashi yumbura. A gaskiya rasa simintin gyaran kafa tsari don hadaddun sassa, musamman a waɗancan abubuwan da ke tushen nickel ko na cobalt na QSY, suna buƙatar harsashi wanda zai iya ɗaukar girgizar zafi ba tare da tsagewa ko lalacewa ba. Yana da sannu a hankali, tsari mai laushi na tsomawa, tsutsawa, bushewa. Gaggawa tana nufin karyewar harsashi a lokacin cirewa (ɓataccen ɓangaren) ko mafi muni, yayin zubarwa. Harsashi shine mummunan; kowane aibi yana fassara kai tsaye.
Wannan yana haifar da matsala gama gari: ƙirar tsarin gating. Ba tashar karfe ba ce kawai; tsarin kula da zafi ne. Don bakin karfe ko simintin ƙarfe, ƙa'idodin sun canza. Ƙofar da ke aiki don ƙarfe na carbon na iya haifar da raguwar porosity a cikin babban allo. Mun koyi wannan hanya mai wuya a kan aikin famfo na farko-kyakkyawan harsashi, cikakkiyar zube, amma gwajin ultrasonic ya bayyana ɓoyayyen ciki a daidai mahadar. Gyaran bai fi zafi ba; yana sake fasalin tsarin gate da riser daga bishiyar kakin zuma sama. Wannan shine boyayyen injiniya.
Material Tattaunawa Ne, Ba Zabi Ba
Abokan ciniki suna aika bayanai dalla-dalla: ASTM A351 CF8M ko Inconel 718. Wannan shine kawai layin farawa. Aikin kafuwa shine fassara hakan zuwa aikin narkewa. Misali, bakin karfe a cikin a rasa masana'anta simintin gyaran kafa rufe duka tsarin harsashi da yashi, kamar QSY, yana nufin sanin yadda yawan ruwan kayan ke canzawa tare da hanyar gyare-gyare. Matsayi iri ɗaya yana zuba daban a cikin harsashi yumbu tare da yashin guduro. Ana yin zagayowar zagayowar zafin zafin bayan simintin simintin gyare-gyare ta hanyar simintin simintin gyare-gyare kamar ta alloy spec.
Alloys na musamman sune inda roba ta hadu da hanya. Alloys na tushen Cobalt, don juriya a cikin datsa bawul, galibi ana buƙatar a zub da su a cikin yanayi mai sarrafawa ko ƙarƙashin injin don hana iskar oxygen da abubuwa masu mahimmanci. Ba wai kawai batun samun tanderu ba ne; sanin yadda za a tsara tsarin mai gudu don rage tashin hankali a cikin yanayi mara kyau. Wannan ba kayan karatu bane; ilimin kabilanci ne da aka samu ta hanyar narkakken ma'aikata. Kuna iya ganin wannan zurfin a cikin fayil ɗin ma'aikacin aiki mai tsawo-daidaituwa tsakanin batches shine abin da kuke biya.
Kuma machining. Duk wata masana'anta da ke da'awar simintin saka hannun jari ba tare da babban CNC na cikin gida ba tana siyar da guraben fage ne kawai. Filayen simintin gyare-gyare, ko da daga harsashi yumbu, yana buƙatar yin injina don saduwa da juriya mai girma. Kalubalen yana riƙe da simintin gyare-gyare wanda zai iya samun damuwa na ciki. Haɗin QSY na simintin gyare-gyare da injina na CNC a ƙarƙashin rufin ɗaya babban fa'idar aiki ne. Za su iya tsara raguwar simintin gyare-gyare da yuwuwar murdiya da sanin ainihin yadda za a daidaita sashin da kuma yanke shi daga baya, wanda ke adana zagaye da yawa na gwaji da kuskure.
Iblis a cikin Dewaxing (da Gama)
Dewaxing yana da sauƙi: narke kakin zuma daga harsashi. Amma idan kun yi kuskure, kun fashe harsashi. Dewaxing autoclave Steam abu ne na kowa, amma matsa lamba da saitunan lokaci suna da mahimmanci kuma sun bambanta da kauri da girman harsashi. Ya yi yawa m, kuma kuna samun fashewar harsashi. Da taushin hali, kuma ragowar kakin zuma yana toshe ramuka, yana haifar da lahani a lokacin zuba. Mataki ne wanda galibi ana sarrafa shi amma har yanzu yana buƙatar kulawa.
Sa'an nan, knockout. Bayan simintin ya yi sanyi, kuna buƙatar katse harsashi ba tare da lalata ƙarfe ba. Don sassa masu rauni ko waɗanda ke da zurfin koma baya, wannan ƙaƙƙarfan tsari ne, galibi tsari na hannu wanda ya haɗa da girgizawa da guntuwa a hankali. Anan ne za'a iya gabatar da lahani na sama kamar nick ko hawaye, yana lalata wani simintin sauti. Kyakkyawar masana'anta tana da ƙwararrun yanki, ƙwararrun ƙwanƙwasa, ba kawai mutumin da ke da guduma ba.
Ƙarshe wani rami ne na kuɗi. Niƙa kashe ƙofofin, harbi ayukan iska mai ƙarfi, gyare-gyaren walda na lahani da aka yarda da su ... wannan yana da ƙarfin aiki kuma yana bayyana ƙimar ƙarshe. Na tuna da wani gungu na ɓangarorin ƙarfe na ductile inda aikin niƙa ya kasance mai tsauri sosai, yana ƙarfafa wurin da aka keɓe tare da rufe shingen ƙasa wanda daga baya ya gaza a gwajin gajiya. Darasi? Ƙarshe ba kawai kayan kwalliya ba ne; zai iya shafar ƙarfe. Tsari mai ƙarfi yana sarrafa zurfin ƙarshe da hanya.
Lokacin da Ƙarfin Ya Haɗu da Gaskiya
Kowane ɗan littafin masana'anta yana lissafin iya aiki. Ainihin gwajin shine yadda suke gudanar da lamuran gefen. Misali, abokin ciniki ya taɓa son ɓangaren sirara (3mm) a cikin Monel. Mai girma don juriyar lalata, mai wayo don jefa bakin ciki. Ruwan ruwa yana ƙasa. Masana'antar (ba QSY ba, a wannan yanayin) ta nakalto ta bisa daidaitattun sigogin su don mafi girman simintin Monel. Sakamakon ya kasance ba daidai ba - daskarewar ƙarfe kafin cika ƙirar. Maganin ya ƙunshi ƙara yawan zafin jiki mai mahimmanci da dumama harsashi zuwa takamaiman kewayon, wanda sannan ya canza tsarin ƙarfafawa kuma yana buƙatar sake fasalin sanyi. Ya yi aiki, amma ya busa kasafin kuɗi da tsarin lokaci. A more experienced shop would have flagged the thin-wall/alloy combination upfront and planned the process around it.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa tsawon rai yana da mahimmanci. Kamfanin da ke aiki sama da shekaru talatin, kamar wanda ke baya https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, ya ga babu makawa ga wadannan gefuna lokuta. Jerin abubuwan gami nasu na musamman ba menu ne kawai ba; gajeriyar hannu ce don ɗakin karatu na matsalolin da aka warware-daidaitaccen lokacin zubewa, girke-girke na harsashi, ƙirar gating, da jadawalin maganin zafi na kowane dangi na kayan abu. Wannan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar cibiyar tana hana sake ganowa mai tsada.
Wani bincike na gaskiya shine dubawa. Matsakaicin cak tare da CMM daidai ne. Amma ga sassan da ke ɗauke da matsi ko mahimman abubuwan gini, gwaji mara lalacewa (NDT) kamar rini mai shiga, radiyo, ko gwajin ultrasonic shine inda aka gina ƙarfin gwiwa. Ma'aikata na buƙatar samun waɗannan a cikin gida ko tare da amintattun abokan tarayya, kuma mafi mahimmanci, injiniyoyi suna buƙatar sanin yadda za su fassara sakamakon a cikin mahallin aikin simintin. Za a iya yarda da takin porosity akan X-ray a wani yanki amma an ƙi a wani.
Haɗin Aiki shine Samfurin
Don haka, me kuke siyan gaske daga a rasa masana'anta simintin gyaran kafa? Ba kuna siyan sifar ƙarfe ba. Kuna siyan ingantacciyar hanyar aiki, sarrafawa mai sarrafawa wanda ke canza ƙirar 3D zuwa kayan aiki, abin dogaro na ƙarfe. Yana farawa tare da bita na ƙira, yana gudana ta hanyar ƙira, harsashi, narkewa, zubarwa, ƙwanƙwasa, maganin zafi, injina, da dubawa na ƙarshe. Rauni a kowace hanyar haɗi yana karya sarkar.
Wannan shi ne dabarar fa'idar masana'antun da aka haɗa. Dubi ƙirar QSY: simintin gyare-gyaren harsashi, simintin saka hannun jari, da injinan CNC duk ƙarƙashin gudanarwa ɗaya. Yana nufin madauki martani gajere ne. Idan mashin ɗin ya sami daidaitattun wurare masu wuya a wani yanki na simintin gyare-gyare, wannan bayanin yana komawa kai tsaye zuwa injiniyan kafa don daidaita ƙimar sanyaya ko gyare-gyaren gami don tsari na gaba. Wannan madaidaicin ci gaba na ci gaba ba zai iya ganuwa ga abokin ciniki amma shine ginshiƙi na daidaiton inganci.
A ƙarshe, filin masana'anta ya ba da labari. Ba game da girman tanderun ba. Yana da game da tsarin rakiyar kakin zuma, tsaftar wurin slurry, lambobi masu daidaitawa akan tanda na maganin zafi, da sanya alama na sassa na kowane mataki. Abin da kuke gani ke nan lokacin da kuka ziyarci wurin da ke yin daidai tsawon shekaru 30. Tsarin yana cikin ƙasusuwansu, ba kawai a cikin ƙasidarsu ba. Wannan masana'anta ce ta cancanci haɗin gwiwa da ita.
