Martensitic bakin karfe masana'anta - wannan magana sigina fiye da samar iya aiki. Yana nuni zuwa ga wata hanyar da ba kasafai ake samun ikon sarrafa ƙarfe ba, ingantattun injina, da takamaiman aikace-aikace. Kadan daga cikin masu ba da kaya suna ɗaukar maki na martensitic kamar 410, 420, 440C, ko gyare-gyare na 13Cr alloys *ƙarshen-zuwa-ƙarshen*: daga simintin simintin da aka yi wa zafi zuwa GD&T-compliant ƙãre abubuwan da suka tsira 300 MPa hydraulic spikes da abrasive wear slurry. Mun ga ayyuka da yawa sun tsaya cak lokacin da abokan haɗin gwiwar ke kula da maras kyau a matsayin "wani bakin karfe" - tsallake tabbatar da zafin rai, rashin karanta taurin gradients, ko yin watsi da hankali ga ƙananan yanayin sanyi.
Me yasa Martensitic Bakin Bakin Buƙatar Masana'anta Na Musamman - Ba Shagon Inji kawai ba
Bakin Karfe na Martensitic yana samun ƙarfi ta hanyar quenching da tempering - ba ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ba kamar austenitics. Wannan yana nufin kowane mataki bayan simintin gyare-gyare yana rinjayar aikin ƙarshe: ƙimar sanyaya yayin ƙarfafawa yana saita tsarin hatsi na farko; quench tsananin yana ƙayyade juzu'in ƙarar martensite; tempering zafin jiki sarrafa taurin vs. taurin ciniki-offs. Mahimmin tushe na gabaɗaya ba zai iya ba da garantin daidaitaccen 52-58 HRC a fadin gidan famfo piston mai diamita 120mm ba tare da bayanin yanayin zafi na ainihin lokaci da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun lokacin jiƙa ba.
Mun ci karo da bawul ɗin da aka ƙi a gwajin filin saboda mai siyarwar ya yi amfani da iska mai kashewa maimakon mai-quenching don rukunin taimako mai ƙarfi na tushen 420 - wanda ya haifar da canjin martensite da bai cika ba da kuma fashewar da bai kai ba a ƙarƙashin hawan keke. Wani shingen cibiyar winch na abokin ciniki ya gaza a 65% na rayuwar ƙira saboda rashin ba da rahoto akan ɓangarorin saman saman - lahani marar ganuwa ga dubawa na gani amma bala'i a ƙarƙashin matsin torsional. Waɗannan ba haɗari ba ne na ka'idar. Hanyoyin gazawa ne masu maimaitawa waɗanda aka ɗaure kai tsaye don aiwatar da horo - ba takaddun shaida kaɗai ba.
A gaskiya martensitic bakin karfe factory dole ne ya mallaki damar da ba za a iya sasantawa ba guda uku: ingantacciyar hanyar haɗin gwiwar maganin zafi (ba a fitar da shi ba), tsarin aikin metalography don ingantaccen ingantaccen tsarin microstructure, da mashin ɗin CNC wanda aka daidaita zuwa sigogin yankan jihohi - gami da dabarun hanyoyin kayan aiki waɗanda ke rage ragowar sake rarraba damuwa.
Haɗin Kai Tsaye Yana Magance Matsalolin Ciwo Na Gaskiya
Yawancin gazawa suna faruwa a wuraren da aka kashe: simintin simintin gyare-gyare zuwa magani mai zafi, maganin zafi zuwa injina, injina zuwa ƙarewa. Lokacin da kowane mataki yana rayuwa a cikin keɓantaccen wurin aiki, ƙwanƙwasa ƙira yana taruwa. Simintin gidan silinda tare da juriyar +0.3 mm na iya raguwa -0.15 mm bayan quenching - sannan ya karkata +0.1 mm yayin manne don gama niƙa. Ba tare da raba bayanan metrology da CMMs masu haɗin gwiwa ba, waɗannan canje-canjen suna haɗuwa cikin shiru.
A wurin aikinmu na Qingdao, gidaje 13Cr da aka zuba jari suna motsawa kai tsaye daga tanderun zuwa cikin injin injin - babu jigilar kayan aiki, babu sake gyarawa. Muna amfani da tsarin daidaitawa iri ɗaya daga ƙirar ƙira ta hanyar dubawa ta ƙarshe. Domin AMS 5387 cobalt alloy famfo sassa, muna amfani da GD&T datums iri ɗaya zuwa duka kayan aikin simintin gyare-gyare da kuma faranti na CNC. Wannan yana kawar da kuskuren tarawa - mai mahimmanci lokacin da kaurin bango ya bambanta tsakanin 4.2 mm zuwa 22.5 mm akan bangare guda.
Wannan ba game da dacewa ba ne. Yana da game da maimaitawa. OEM daya daga cikin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa OEM ya rage sake zagayowar amincewar labarin farko daga makonni 11 zuwa makonni 3.5 bayan canzawa zuwa aikin haɗin gwiwarmu - saboda sun daina sake yin zane don “daidaitawar injin” a kowane dubawa.
Abin da Abokan Ciniki A Haƙiƙa Ke Bukata - Bayan Takardun Kayan Aiki
Masu saye ba sa yin odar “bakin martensitic.” Suna yin odar bawul ɗin matsa lamba wanda dole ne hatimi a 250 ° C da mashaya 415 ba tare da galling ba. Ko mashigin winch wanda ke ƙin rami a cikin ruwan teku yayin watsa karfin 1,850 N·m. Ko kafuwar famfo wanda ke kiyaye flatness tsakanin 0.015 mm sama da 800 mm bayan 10,000 hours na rawar jiki.
- Abubuwan ganowa zuwa lambar zafi - ba kawai certs na niƙa ba, amma cikakkun rajistan ayyukan tarihin zafi a kowace kuri'a
- Taswirar tauri - ba karatun Rockwell ɗaya kaɗai ba, amma bayanan grid mai maki 9 a cikin yankuna masu mahimmanci
- Tallafin gwaji na aiki - gami da ingantaccen fashe hydrostatic da keken fesa gishiri a kowane ASTM B117
- GD&T-sanarwar aikin injiniya - Ƙirar ƙira waɗanda ke cin karo da ƙarewar ƙasa mai taurin kai
Mun koyi wannan da wuya. Tun da farko, abokin ciniki ya ƙayyade Ra 0.4 µm akan saman wurin zama na 440C - bai san cewa niƙa taurare 440C ƙasa da Ra 0.6 µm yana haifar da ƙananan fashewa a ƙarƙashin hawan keke. Ƙungiyarmu ta ba da shawarar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga kawai - ceton 37% a lokacin sake zagayowar da kuma tsawaita rayuwar sabis ta 2.3×. Irin wannan hangen nesa yana fitowa ne kawai lokacin da ƙarfe, injiniyoyi, da injiniyan aikace-aikacen ke zaune a teburi ɗaya.
Neman Gaba: Inda Madaidaicin Haɗu da Ikon Hasashen
Iyaka na gaba ba kawai juriya mai ƙarfi ba. Yana da daidaituwar tsinkaya. Muna saka thermocouples a cikin simintin simintin gyare-gyare don daidaita saurin ƙarfi tare da rabuwar carbide a cikin simintin gyare-gyare 420. Muna daidaita sa hannun kayan aikin sanda na CNC tare da ƙirƙirar microcrack na ƙasa a cikin 440C yayin jujjuyawar ƙarewa. Wannan ba gidan wasan kwaikwayo na R&D ba ne - shine yadda muke yanke ɗimbin ɗimbin ƙima akan abubuwan haɗin martensitic masu daraja daga 8.2% zuwa 1.9% sama da watanni 18.
Idan aikin ku yana buƙatar abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi na martensitic waɗanda ke yi - ba kawai wuce dubawa ba - kuna buƙatar fiye da mai kaya. Kuna buƙatar abokin tarayya wanda ke kula da kowane yanayin zafi kamar gwaji mai sarrafawa, kowane machining wucewa kamar taron ƙarfe, da kowane bayarwa kamar ci gaba mai aiki. Wannan shine ma'anar aiki na a martensitic bakin karfe factory gina don manufa-mahimmancin aiki.
