Kuna jin abubuwa da yawa game da dorewa a cikin simintin ƙarfe na nauyi, amma yawancin masu magana sun rasa ma'anar. Ba wai kawai game da matakin ƙarfe ko kaurin bango ba. Ainihin yanayin, daga inda na tsaya bayan shekaru talatin a cikin kafuwar, sauyi ne daga kula da dorewa azaman ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsari zuwa sarrafa shi azaman canjin tsari, sauye-sauye masu sauƙi a cikin fasaha da yanke shawara bayan simintin. Kowa yana son sashin da zai dawwama har abada, amma hanyar da ke can tana kara lalacewa.
Rashin fahimta na Material a matsayin Sarki
Lokacin da abokan ciniki suka yi tambaya game da dorewa, abu na farko da suke tsalle zuwa shine darajar kayan abu. Ka ba ni Class 35 ko fiye. Tabbas, ƙarfin ɗaure yana da mahimmanci. Amma na ga ayyuka da yawa da yawa inda suke ƙayyadaddun ƙarfe mai daraja, sa'an nan kuma daidaita duk abin da ke cikin tsari don adana ƴan cents a kowace naúrar. Narken sunadarai yana samun tweaked don saurin zubowa, allurar tana gaggawar gaggawa - ba zato ba tsammani, ƙarfen ƙimar yana cike da graphite mara sanyi ko wuce gona da iri. The nauyi jefa baƙin ƙarfe sassa fito da gwaji don ƙayyadaddun bayanai akan takarda, amma ƙananan tsarin ba su da ƙarfi. Suna kasawa a cikin filin a ƙarƙashin nauyin hawan keke, kuma kowa ya zargi kayan. Ba abu ba ne; shi ne tsari a kusa da kayan.
Muna da shari'ar 'yan shekarun baya don jikin bawul ɗin hydraulic. Takaddun bayanai sun kasance m, yana buƙatar ingantaccen amincin matsi. Gudun farko sun yi amfani da daidaitaccen ƙarfe na alade tare da ɗumama sosai da kuma inoculant na mallakar gida wanda muka haɓaka a cikin gida. Sassan sun ci duk gwaje-gwaje. Mai fafatawa ya rage farashin mu sosai. Daga baya mun gano cewa sun yi amfani da ƙarfe mafi girma na tushe amma sun yanke sasanninta akan sarrafa zafin jiki da kuma zubar da sauri. Sassan su sun wuce gwajin hydrostatic na farko amma sun fara nuna ƙananan fashe bayan kusan zagayowar matsa lamba 500. Har yanzu namu yana gudana a 5000+. Abokin ciniki ya dawo. Darasi? Asalin baƙin ƙarfe ba shi da mahimmanci fiye da yadda kuke bi da shi a lokacin simintin nauyi tsari.
Wannan yana haifar da ainihin yanayin farko: mai da hankali kan daidaiton tsari azaman babban direban dorewa. Yana da game da sarrafa kowane m-mold kauri kauri, zuba zafin jiki gradient, sanyaya adadin a cikin mold-tare da addini zafi. Masu tattara bayanan da ke kan tanderun mu da layukan zube ba wai kawai don nunawa ba ne; sune yadda muke gano matsalar dorewa zuwa digon ma'aunin Celsius 10 a cikin zafin ladle a ƙarshen zuba.
Inda Da gaske An Ci Nasara ko Bace: Geometry na Gaibu
Ba a tsara ƙarfin aiki akan ƙirar CAD ba; an jefa shi cikin sashin. Wannan babban sauyi ne na tunani. Injiniyoyi suna ƙira don aiki, amma sau da yawa suna tsara geometries waɗanda ke haifar da yawan damuwa yayin ƙarfafawa. Kiyaye sasanninta na ciki, canje-canjen sashe ba zato ba tsammani - waɗannan su ne masu kashe dorewa. Yanayin da nake gani shine haɗin gwiwa mafi kusa kafin a yi mold. Muna ba da ƙarin lokaci akan software na kwaikwaiyo ba kawai don guje wa lahani a bayyane ba, amma don yin ƙima da matsalolin zafi yayin sanyaya.
Misali, braket don kwampreso mai nauyi. Zane yana da kyakkyawan tsarin haƙarƙari mai ɗaukar nauyi. Amma kwaikwaiyonmu ya nuna babban yuwuwar tsagawar zafi a mahadar haƙarƙari. Mun ba da shawarar ƙara ɗan fillet, ba don ƙarfin amfani ba, amma don ƙarfi yayin halitta. Ƙungiyar ƙira ta ƙi - ta ƙara ƙananan nauyi. Mun samar da tsari ɗaya kamar yadda yake, ɗaya kuma tare da gyare-gyarenmu. Batch ɗin kamar-is ɗin yana da ɓata kashi 30%. Batch ɗin da aka gyara? Kusa da sifili. The karko Ɗaukar sautin ya kasance mafi girma a zahiri saboda ya tsira daga haihuwarsa ba tare da lahani na ciki ba.
Wannan siminti mai fa'ida yana zama matakin da ba za'a iya sasantawa ba a gare mu a QSY. Saka hannun jari ne wanda ke biyan kuɗi ta hanyar guje wa bala'i, ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun da ke haifar da gazawar filin. Yana motsa dorewa a sama.
Gambit Bayan-Cikakken Zafi: Maganin Zafi da Machining
Anan akwai rigima. Danniya taimako annealing. Wasu shagunan suna ɗaukar shi azaman akwati na tilas don yin laka. Wasu suna tsallake shi don adana lokaci da kuzari. Matsayinmu ya samo asali. Yanzu muna kallonsa azaman kayan aiki na zaɓi. Don hadaddun, sifofin da aka rufe kamar gidajen famfo, yana da mahimmanci. Ragowar damuwa daga rashin daidaituwar sanyaya na iya zama babba. Tsallake damuwa yana kama da karkatar da ruwa a cikin sashin; machining zai saki shi, yana haifar da murdiya, kuma kayan aiki a cikin sabis zai yi aiki a kan wani ɓangaren da aka riga aka matsa.
Amma mun kuma yi fiye da gyare-gyaren sassa. Mai sauƙaƙa, buɗaɗɗen lefa da aka yi da baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka ya sami cikakken zagayowar taimako na damuwa. Ba wai kawai shakata da damuwa ba; ya dan sassauta kayan, yana rage juriyar sawa a wani yanki mai ɗaukar maɓalli. Ya kasance yanayin yin amfani da daidaitaccen girke-girke ba tare da tunani ba. Yanzu, mun yanke shawara bisa ga lissafin lissafi, bambancin kauri na bango, da zurfin machining na ƙarshe. Wani lokaci, don kwanciyar hankali, sashi mai sauƙi, sanyaya mai sarrafawa a cikin ƙirar ya isa. Wannan zaɓin aikace-aikacen tsari ne zuwa mafi wayo, ba kawai ƙari ba, sarrafawa.
Sannan akwai machining. Za a iya lalata sashin simintin gyare-gyare mai kyau ta hanyar ƙera mashin ɗin. Mun haɗa kayan aikin CNC a wani ɓangare don sarrafa wannan muhimmin mataki na ƙarshe. Ɗaukar nauyi, yanke sauri akan a jefa baƙin ƙarfe sashi na iya yaga matrix graphite a saman, ƙirƙirar hanyar sadarwa na ƙananan karaya waɗanda suka zama wuraren farawa don gajiya. Masana injinan mu sun san yin amfani da takamaiman kayan aikin geometries da ciyarwa/gudu don yin simintin mu. Ba wai kawai game da buga girma ba; game da kiyaye mutuncin da muka yi aiki tuƙuru don ƙirƙirar a cikin kafuwar.
The Alloying Subtlety: Ba Komai Ne Superalloy bane
Kugi koyaushe yana game da alloys masu ban mamaki. Amma ga aikace-aikacen masana'antu da yawa, samun karɓuwa daga haɗakar launin toka ko baƙin ƙarfe ductile sun fi ƙarancin ƙarfi fiye da ƙarfi. Ƙananan abubuwan tarawa na jan karfe, kwano, ko chromium. Ba mu magana game da motsi zuwa nickel tushen gami, amma game da tweaking matrix.
Mun yi aiki a kan farantin lalacewa don tsarin jigilar ma'adinai. Tsabtataccen ƙarfe mai launin toka ya sa sauri da sauri. Ƙarfin ƙarfe ya kasance mai tauri da tsada sosai. Mun zauna a kan baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka tare da ƙari mai sarrafawa na chromium da jan karfe. Chromium ya haɓaka matrix mai ƙarfi, pearlitic matrix don juriya, yayin da jan ƙarfe ya tsaftace graphite kuma ya inganta ƙarfi ba tare da babban gatsewa ba. The karko trends Anan ne zuwa ga micro-alloying don takamaiman bayanan bayanan kadarorin, galibi ana jagoranta ta shekaru na gwaji da kuskure a cikin bayananmu. Yana da ƙasa da kyawawa fiye da cewa muna amfani da superalloys, amma sau da yawa yana da inganci da tsada don aikace-aikacen.
Wannan shi ne inda gwaninta na tushe ba zai iya maye gurbinsa ba. Ba za ku iya kawai cire waɗannan girke-girke daga littafin jagora ba. Sun dogara da tushen ƙarfe na tushe, aikin narkewar ku, har ma da tasirin yanayin ku na gida akan bushewar mold. Sirrin miya sau da yawa shine shekarun da suka gabata na bayanan shiga.
Kasawa a Matsayin Mafi kyawun Malami: Labari na Kai
A farkon lokacina anan Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), mun sami babban gazawa wanda ya sake fasalin tsarinmu. Batch na ductile iron gearbox yana rufe don aikace-aikacen ruwa. Sun wuce duk cak na QA. Watanni shida da shiga hidima, an kira mu a firgice: fashe-fashe na bayyana a kusa da ramukan da ke kusa. Bala'i ne.
Bayan mutuwar mutane ya kasance m. Kayan ya hadu da nodularity da daraja. Zane ya kasance sauti. Mai laifi? Canji a tsarin ɗaure yashi zuwa sabon samfur, sauri. Ya inganta ƙimar samar da ƙirar mu dan kadan, amma ya canza yanayin sanyaya sosai a cikin sassan da ke kusa da shuwagabannin kusoshi. Ya ƙirƙiri wani yanki na abun ciki na carbide kaɗan kaɗan, yana mai da shi gatse. Damuwa akai-akai daga girgiza injin ya gano cewa rauni. Mun rasa abokin ciniki, mun biya don maye gurbin, kuma mun kusan rasa sunan mu.
Wannan gazawar ta tilasta mana kafa tsarin kula da canji. Duk wani canji-sabon ɗaure, sabon inoculant, sabon kayan ladle liner-yanzu yana tafiya ta hanyar matukin jirgi da tsattsauran sashe da ƙananan bincike. Ba kawai muna gwada daidaitattun bayanai ba; muna neman waɗancan sauye-sauyen ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsarin. Wannan darasi mai raɗaɗi ya yi ƙarin ga ainihin duniya karko na mu nauyi jefa baƙin ƙarfe sassa fiye da kowane littafin karatu da zai iya. Yana da yanayin da aka haife shi daga tabo: tsangwama na tsari akan bin ƙananan ayyuka.
To, ina al'amuran suka dosa? Nisa daga amsoshi masu sauƙi. Zuwa ga haɗaɗɗen sarrafa tsari, daga simulation zuwa zaɓin magani mai zafi zuwa injina mai laushi. Zuwa ga micro-alloying bisa zurfin bayanan tarihi. Kuma sama da duka, zuwa ga mutunta cewa dorewa ba dukiya ce da kuka gwada a cikin wani bangare ba; al'ada ce da kuka gina cikin tsari. Yana da ban sha'awa, mai hankali, ikon sarrafawa na ɗari masu canji waɗanda ba wanda yake gani - har sai ɓangaren yana aiki ba tare da lahani ba bayan shekaru. Wannan shine ainihin yanayin. Kuna iya samun wasu falsafancinmu da aka yi amfani da su a cikin tsarinmu dalla-dalla akan rukunin yanar gizon mu a tsingtaocnc.com, amma ainihin ilimin, kamar kullum, yana kan bene mai tushe.
