Bakin Karfe 304 (wanda aka saba rubuta shi azaman SUS304 ko AISI304) shine bakin karfe da aka fi amfani da shi kuma mai yawan gaske a duniya. Matsayinsa na Sinanci shine 06Cr19Ni10. Abubuwan da ke biyowa suna ba da cikakken bayani game da abubuwan sinadaran, kaddarorin injina, da filayen aikace-aikacen Bakin Karfe 304.
I. Core Chemical Composition
Juriya na lalata da kaddarorin inji na Bakin Karfe 304 an ƙaddara su ta daidaitattun abubuwan sinadaran sa. Babban kewayon abun ciki (bisa ga ASTM A240 standard) sune kamar haka:
| Abun ciki | Rage abun ciki (wt%) | Babban Aiki |
| Chromium (Cr) | 18.0-20.0% | Core element: Yana samar da fim mai ɗorewa na chromium oxide, yana ba da kaddarorin "bakin" da mahimmancin juriya na lalata. |
| Nickel (Ni) | 8.0-10.5% | Maɓalli mai mahimmanci: Yana daidaita tsarin austenitic, yana ba da kyakkyawan ƙarfi, rashin ƙarfi, weldability, da haɓaka juriya na lalata. |
| Carbon (C) | ≤0.08% | Yana haɓaka ƙarfi. Duk da haka, babban abun ciki na carbon zai iya haifar da lalata intergranular a sauƙaƙe bayan waldi, wanda ke haifar da haɓakar ƙananan sigar carbon 304L. |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤2.0% | Yana haɓaka ƙarfi da ɗan maye gurbin aikin nickel. |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤0.75% | Yana aiki azaman deoxidizer kuma yana inganta ƙarfin zafin jiki. |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤0.045% | Rashin tsabta, yana buƙatar sarrafawa (yana rage taurin). |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤0.030% | Abun ƙazanta, yana buƙatar sarrafawa (yana shafar aiki mai zafi). |
| Nitrogen (N) | ≤0.10% | Zai iya inganta ƙarfi, musamman don 304L. |
| Iron (F) | Ma'auni | Ƙarfe na tushe. |
Bambance-bambancen sinadarai na makin da aka samu:
304lCarbon (C) ≤ 0.03%, yana rage haɗarin haɓakar walda.
304H: Carbon (C) 0.04-0.10%, an tsara shi don inganta ƙarfin zafi mai zafi da aiki mai raɗaɗi.
II. Abubuwan Halayen Injiniya Na Musamman
Mahimman kayan aikin injin-zazzabi na Bakin Karfe 304 a cikin yanayin da aka warware (mafi yawan yanayin da ake bayarwa) sune kamar haka:
| Nunin Ayyuka | Mahimmanci Na Musamman | Bayani |
| Ƙarfin Ƙarfi | ≥515 MPa | Matsakaicin iyakar ƙarfin abin da zai iya jurewa kafin ya karye. |
| Ƙarfin Haɓaka (0.2%) | ≥205 MPa | Matsakaicin damuwa wanda kayan ya fara jurewa nakasar dindindin. |
| Tsawaitawa (tsawon ma'auni 50mm) | ≥40% | Maɓalli mai nuna alama: Maɗaukakin haɓakawa yana nuna kyakkyawan filastik da tauri, yana sauƙaƙa aiwatar da ayyukan sanyi kamar zane mai zurfi da lankwasawa. |
| Tauri (Brinell Hardness HB) | ≤201 HB | Ƙunƙarar ƙarancin ƙarfi, yana nuna mahimmancin hali don ƙarfin aiki (yana zama da wahala a lokacin machining). |
| Modulus na Elasticity | ~ 193 GPA | Kama da carbon karfe, ma'auni na taurin abu. |
| Yawan yawa | ~7.93g/cm³ | Kadan ƙasa da carbon karfe. |
Muhimman Halaye:
Mara maganadisu: Mara maganadisu a cikin cikakken annealed jihar. Duk da haka, bayan aikin sanyi (kamar yankan, lankwasawa, stamping), wasu austenite na iya canzawa zuwa martensite, wanda zai haifar da raunin maganadisu. Bai kamata a tantance sahihancin ta wurin maganadisu kaɗai ba.
Aiki Hardening: Da sauri ya zama mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi yayin aikin sanyi, amma filastik yana raguwa. Haɗaɗɗen kafawa na iya buƙatar annealing matsakaici.
III. Babban Filin Aikace-aikacen
Godiya ga kyakkyawan aikin sa gabaɗaya, Bakin Karfe 304 ana amfani dashi a kusan dukkanin masana'antu da filayen rayuwar yau da kullun:
| Filin Aikace-aikace | Takamaiman Aikace-aikace | Dalilan Zaba 304 |
| Cookware & Masana'antar Abinci | Tukwane, kwanoni, kwano, kwano, tebura; kayan sarrafa abinci, tankunan ajiya, bututu, kayan abinci. | Tsaro & Tsafta: Mai jure lalata, mai sauƙin tsaftacewa, babu cutarwa mai cutarwa (jinin abinci). |
| Gine-gine & Ado | Ganuwar labule, kayan aikin kofa/taga, hannaye, kayan ado na lif, rufin rufin, kayan aikin gini. | Aesthetic & Dorety: Daban-daban na ƙarewar saman (bushe, madubi, sandblasted), kyakkyawan juriya na lalata yanayi, tsawon rayuwa. |
| Kayayyakin Masana'antu & Sinadaran | Tankunan ajiya, masu musayar zafi, bututun ruwa, tasoshin ruwa (don kafofin watsa labarai marasa lalacewa), injin yadi/takarda. | Babban Juriya na Lalata: Kyakkyawan juriya ga nau'ikan sinadarai da yanayin masana'antu, kyakkyawan aiki. |
| Kayan Aikin Gida | Ganguna na injin wanki, na'urar dumama ruwa, cakuɗen tanda na microwave, injin firiji, injin wanki. | Mai jurewa da danshi/lalata tururi, kyakkyawa mai daɗi, babban ƙarfi. |
| Sufuri | Gyaran ababen hawa, abubuwan jigilar dogo, abubuwan kwantena, sassan tsarin shaye-shaye. | Kyakkyawan juriya na yanayi, dacewa don ƙirƙirar da walda. |
| Medical & Pharmaceutical | (Yana buƙatar takamaiman magani na ƙasa) Tushen kayan aikin tiyata, ɗakunan kayan aikin da ba na bakararre, sassan tuntuɓar da ba na asali a cikin kayan aikin magunguna. | Sauƙi don tsaftacewa da bakara, juriya ga magungunan kashe qwari. |
| Makamashi & Muhalli | Raka'o'in lalata iskar gas, abubuwan da ba su da tushe a cikin tashoshin makamashin nukiliya, madaidaicin madaurin hasken rana. | Amintaccen aiki a cikin mahalli masu lalata matsakaici. |
IV. Takaitawa
Bakin Karfe 304, saboda daidaitattun sinadarai (18/8 chromium-nickel), yana ba da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata, tsari mara misaltuwa, da weldability, yana mai da shi tabbataccen “karfe na duniya”. Shi ne mafi tattalin arziki da kuma abin dogara zabi a cikin mafi yawan al'ada yanayi. Sai kawai lokacin fuskantar mahalli mai girma-chloride (kamar ruwan teku, gishiri mai cire ƙanƙara) ko kafofin watsa labaru masu lalata, ya zama dole a yi la'akari da haɓakawa zuwa molybdenum mai ɗauke da bakin karfe 316.
