Steellite alloy kalma ce ta gabaɗaya don jerin abubuwan haɗin gwiwar cobalt-chromium waɗanda ke da juriya ga yanayin zafi, lalacewa da lalata. "Stellite" asalin haƙƙin mallaka ne na ƙungiyar Deloro. A cikin 2012, ƙungiyar Deloro Stellate ta sami Kennametal kuma ta zama alamar kasuwanci mai rijista ta Kennametal, ana amfani da ita don ƙayyadaddun gami na tushen cobalt.
Abubuwan sinadaran Stelite gami:
Stelite alloy na cikin dangin gami na tushen cobalt kuma galibi ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:
Cobalt (Co): Wani nau'in matrix, yana lissafin kusan 50-65% na jimlar nauyin, yana ba da kyakkyawan ƙarfin zafin jiki da juriya na thermal.
Chromium (Cr): Abubuwan da ke cikin sa yawanci shine tsakanin 25% zuwa 33%, kuma shine mabuɗin don samar da kariyar kariya mai yawa na chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃), yana ba da gami da juriya mai ƙarfi ga oxidation mai zafi da lalata.
Tungsten (W) da molybdenum (Mo): Babban ingantaccen bayani mai ƙarfafa abubuwa. Wasu tungsten ko molybdenum za su haɗu tare da carbon don samar da carbide mai ƙarfi, haɓaka taurin ja da juriya na gami.
Carbon (C): Abubuwan da ke ciki suna canzawa tsakanin 0.1% da 3.0%. Carbon shine ginshiƙi a cikin samuwar carbides (kamar MC, M₂₃C₆, M₇C₃), waɗanda aka sanya a cikin matrix cobalt kamar sandunan ƙarfe, suna samar da "kwarangwal" don gami don tsayayya da lalacewa.
Ƙarfafawar haɗin gwiwar Stellite ya fito ne daga matrix austenite ƙarfafa ta hanyar ingantaccen bayani da carbides da aka rarraba a cikin matrix. Wannan na'ura ta musamman na ƙarfafawa yana ba da haɗin gwiwar Stellite don samun raguwar ƙarfi a hankali yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi, yana ba shi kwanciyar hankali mai girma.
Babban maki da halayen Stelite gami:
Jerin masu jurewa sawa
Stellite 1: Babban sinadarin carbon da babban-tungsten tare da taurin har zuwa HRC 48-55. Yana da kyakkyawan aiki na rigakafin abrasive kuma ya dace da kujerun bawul, bearings da layukan lalacewa, da sauransu.
Stelite 4: Babban ƙarfi, babban taurin. Ya dace da sanyi stamping mutu, babban-danniya lalacewa sassa, da dai sauransu.
Stellat 6: Mafi ƙwaƙƙwal kuma na al'ada, an san shi da "Jack of kowane nau'i". Yana da cikakkiyar ma'auni na taurin (kimanin HRC 40) da tauri, kuma yana fasalta ingantaccen juriya mai tasiri, juriyar lalata da juriya mai zafi. An yadu amfani a bawul sealing saman, engine bawuloli da daban-daban bushings, da dai sauransu.
Stellite 12: Ayyukansa yana tsakanin na Stelite 1 da Stelite 6, tare da taurin kusan HRC 45. Yana da wuya kuma ya fi jurewa fiye da Stellite 6, kuma ya dace da matsanancin zafi da matsa lamba, sawteeth, dunƙule tura sanduna, da kuma bawuloli masu sarrafawa.
Stellite 20: Matsayi mai tsananin ƙarfi (kimanin HRC 60), an tsara shi musamman don matsananciyar lalacewa, kuma galibi ana amfani dashi wajen ɗaukar hannayen riga, faranti masu juriya, da zoben rufewa na juyi.
Stellite 100: mai jure tasiri da juriya, an tsara shi musamman don matsanancin yanayin lalacewa, ana amfani dashi sau da yawa a cikin injin famfo, injin turbine, da kayan aikin sinadarai.
Jerin yanayin zafi/lalata
Stellite 21: Karamin-carbon, molybdenum mai ƙunshe da daraja tare da kyakkyawan ƙarfi da kuma fiyayyen juriya na zafin zafi. Gilashin injin turbin gas, bawuloli masu zafi, abubuwan masana'antar nukiliya.
Stellite 31 (X-40): Ya ƙunshi nickel, yana nuna kyakkyawan ƙarfin zafi mai ƙarfi da juriya na zafin zafi, kuma an daɗe ana amfani da shi azaman kayan jagorar vanes a cikin injunan jirage da abubuwan injin turbin gas.
Stellite 25: Ƙananan abun ciki na carbon, tare da kyakkyawan juriya ga gajiyar thermal, oxidation da sulfidation, dace da abubuwan haɗin ginin konewa.
Jerin Ayyuka Na Musamman
Tribaloy T-400: Babban abun ciki na molybdenum, kyawawan kayan lubricating na yanayin zafin jiki mai kyau, cimma yanayin zafi mai zafi ta hanyar lokacin Laves, musamman dacewa da bawuloli na ƙofa da abubuwan lubrication ba tare da mai ba a cikin yanayin zafin jiki da watsa labarai mai lalata sosai.
Tribaloy T-800: Babban molybdenum da chromium mai girma, tare da mafi kyawun juriya fiye da T-400, wanda ya dace da ƙarin buƙatu, lalata da yanayin zafi mai zafi.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfanin Stelite gami
Amfani
Jajayen taurin ja: Mafi shahararren fasalin Stelite alloy shine cewa yana iya kula da tauri da ƙarfi ko da a yanayin zafi mai tsayi daga 650 zuwa 1000 ℃. Its carbides ba su sake narkewa har zuwa 1100 ℃, wanda yake da wuya ga yawancin tushen ƙarfe da kayan nickel don cimma.
Cikakken juriya na lalata: Babban abun ciki na chromium yana ba shi damar samar da ingantaccen fim ɗin wucewa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai masu lalata daban-daban, gami da ruwan teku, sulfuric acid, nitric acid da iskar gas mai zafi, yana nuna kyakkyawan juriya ga duka uniform da lalata gida. Musamman ma dangane da juriya ga lalatawar thermal (kamar sulfidation), kayan aikin Stellite galibi sun fi gawa na tushen nickel saboda mafi girma na narkewar cobalt sulfides.
Babban juriya na lalacewa: Ko lalacewa ce ta tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki (launi mai ɗaure) ko lalacewa ta lalacewa ta hanyar ruwa mai ɗauke da barbashi, gami da Stellite yana aiki da kyau. Yana da ƙarancin ƙima na gogayya da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi na hana zazzagewa.
Kyakkyawan juriya na gajiyar thermal: Yana iya jure matsanancin zafin jiki canje-canje (matsayin zafin jiki) ba tare da fashewa ba, yana mai da shi sosai dacewa da yanayin farawa akai-akai na bawuloli, kyawon tsayuwa, da sauransu.
Hasara
Rashin isasshen matsakaicin zafin jiki: A matsakaicin yanayin zafi (kamar 600-800 ℃), ƙarfin Stelite alloys yawanci shine kawai 50-75% na na'urorin da ke tushen nickel saboda rashin daidaituwar matakan ƙarfafawa.
Wahalar sarrafawa mai girma: Saboda tsananin taurinsa da tsayin daka, yankan sarrafa gawa na Stelite yana da matukar wahala. Yawancin lokaci, kawai niƙa ko hanyoyin sarrafawa na musamman za'a iya ɗaukar su, wanda ke haifar da tsadar masana'anta don sassa.
Karancin albarkatu: Cobalt muhimmiyar hanya ce ta dabara. Ma'ajiyar ta na duniya yana da iyaka kuma ba a rarraba shi ba, wanda ke haifar da tsadar kayan haɗin gwiwar Stelite. Zuwa wani matsayi, wannan yana taƙaita aikace-aikacensa mai girma.
Iyakance juriya na iskar shaka: Duk da kyakkyawan juriya ga lalatawar thermal, juriya na iskar shaka na Stelite alloys a cikin mahalli mai tsaftar yanayin zafi mai zafi yawanci ƙasa da na gami da tushen nickel.
