Lokacin da kuka ji 'maɓallin gami na musamman', hoton nan da nan sau da yawa yana haskakawa, ƙarancin yankewa don ƙaƙƙarfan kayan. Wannan ba kuskure ba ne, amma mafari ne wanda ke haskakawa a kan ainihin yanke shawara mai tsauri. Gaskiyar ita ce, zaɓi da amfani da waɗannan abubuwan da ake sakawa yana da ƙasa game da ɗaukar zaɓin 'mafi wuya' kuma ƙari game da sarrafa hadaddun ciniki-kashe tsakanin juriya, tauri, kwanciyar hankali na thermal, da takamaiman, sau da yawa mara tsinkaya, halayen aikin. Na ga ayyuka da yawa sun tsaya tsayin daka saboda wani kawai ya ba da umarnin saka mai tushen cobalt mafi tsada, yana ɗaukan harsashi ne na sihiri, kawai ya fuskanci bala'i a guntuwar farko da aka yanke akan simintin ƙarfe na tushen nickel. Ilimin abin duniya yana da mahimmanci, amma aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen shine inda ainihin ilimin ke rayuwa.
Bayan Littafin: Match Match shine Komai
Bari mu yi magana game da gami da kansu. Yin aiki tare da kantin kafa da injina kamar QSY, kuna samun wurin zama na gaba zuwa duk zagayen rayuwa. Ba ma yin injin waɗannan na'urori na musamman ba ne kawai; mun jefa su. Wannan tsari-ko na harsashi ne ko simintin saka hannun jari-yana ba da takamaiman halaye cikin kayan. Alamar tushen nickel kamar Inconel 718 kai tsaye daga tsarin simintin saka hannun jari na iya samun tsarin hatsi daban-daban da sauran bayanan damuwa idan aka kwatanta da kayan aikin mashaya. Wannan bambancin yana da mahimmanci ga saka zaɓi.
Rikici na gama-gari shine ɗaukar duk allunan tushen nickel azaman toshe monolithic. Saka maki tare da kaifi mai kaifi da bakin bakin PVD shafi na iya aiki da kyau akan daidaitaccen simintin simintin gyare-gyare mai kyau don ɓangaren bawul. Gwada irin wannan saka a kan babban, hadaddun simintin ruwan turbine tare da bambancin kaurin bango da yuwuwar tabo mai wuya ko haɗawa, kuma za ku canza gefuna kowane minti goma. Saka yana buƙatar ɗaukar girgiza, ba kawai tsayayya da abrasion ba. Wani lokaci, ɗan ƙaramin 'mai laushi' amma mafi tsananin ƙarancin carbide tare da ingantacciyar juzu'i mai ɗorewa yana fin mafi ƙarfi, zaɓin gaggautuwa littafin na iya ba da shawara.
Wannan shine inda shekaru 30 na baya a wuri kamar QSY ya zama abin gani. Ba wai kawai game da samun injinan CNC ba; Ilimi ne mai zurfi na yadda simintin gyare-gyaren su ke aiki a ƙarƙashin kayan aiki. Sun ga waɗanne nau'ikan simintin simintin simintin simintin gyare-gyare na cobalt suna da zafi sosai, ko waɗanda ma'aunin ƙarfe na ƙarfe daga ginin su yana da alaƙa ta musamman don haɓakawa. Wannan madaidaicin ra'ayi na ciki tsakanin simintin gyare-gyare da injina yana sanar da saka zaɓi ta hanyar da babu wani kasidar mai siyarwa.
Wasan Geometry da Rawar Rufi
Da kyau, don haka kun daidaita ma'aunin abin da ake sakawa zuwa halin aikin aikin. Na gaba ya zo geometry. Na tuna wani aiki da ke sarrafa jerin tashoshi masu zurfi, kunkuntar a cikin gidan famfo bakin karfe mai duplex. Muna da matakin kayan da ya dace—carbide mai tauri wanda ya dace da bakin karfe. Amma daidaitaccen siffar lu'u-lu'u-digiri 80 yana haifar da mummunar girgizawa da ƙarancin ƙaurawar guntu. Bangaren yana ta faman tada kanta har ya mutu.
Mun canza zuwa saka zagaye. Rarraba ƙarfin yanke ya canza gaba ɗaya. Babu ƙarin lodin maki ɗaya, aikin yankan mafi santsi. The ciniki-off? Saka zagaye ba zai iya yin kusurwoyi masu kaifi ba. Dole ne mu sake tsara hanyar kayan aiki don radiyo na tashar, ƙara ƙarin matakin milling don sasanninta. An yi sulhu, amma ya yi aiki. The takeaway: siffar da musamman gami saka yana ba da izini ba kawai yanke ba, har ma da yuwuwar gabaɗayan dabarun mashin ɗin har ma da jure juzu'in ƙirar ɓangaren.
Sannan akwai sutura. TiAlN, AlTiN, carbon kamar lu'u-lu'u... miyar haruffa ce. Ka'idar babban yatsan hannu ita ce, rufi kamar AlTiN yana ba da taurin zafi mai girma, wanda ya dace da yanayin zafi mai zafi da ake samarwa yayin juyawa ko niƙa gami da nickel. Amma idan tsarinka bai tsaya tsayin daka ba, idan kana da katsewar coolant ko abinci mara daidaituwa, wannan shafi na iya ƙara fashewa a ƙarƙashin hawan keke. Don wasu katsewar sassa na simintin saka hannun jari tare da ƙofofi ko ƙofofin hawa, ƙaramin carbide maras rufi amma mai tsananin ƙarfi na iya zama mafi aminci, mafi fare fare, koda kuwa rayuwar rashin lafiyar sa ta yi ƙasa. Kuna fifita amincin tsari akan rayuwar kayan aiki mai tsafta.
Kasawar Duniya ta Gaskiya da Daidaita
Zan raba gazawar da ta koya mani nasara fiye da dozin guda. Muna tafe da wani babban toshe na Monel (garin nickel-Copper) don ɓangaren ruwa. Fitar da simintin gyare-gyaren da aka yi daga ginin namu yana da ƙarfi, amma babba. Mun yi amfani da rake mai inganci, abin yankan sarewa mai gogewa tare da sadaukarwa musamman gami sakas tsara don high-zazzabi gami. Ka'idar ta kasance cikakke: rage yanke ƙarfi, ƙananan samar da zafi a cikin ɓangaren.
Ya kasa. Ba da ban mamaki ba, amma cikin wayo. Abubuwan da aka shigar ba su guntu ko karya ba. Suna gamawa kawai, uniform da sauri, akan fuskar gefe. Matsalar? Babban ma'auni mai inganci, yayin da yake rage ƙarfi, shi ma ya haifar da sirara mai rauni, yanke yanke. The Monel, tare da mugun halinsa na taurin aiki da tsintsiya madaurinki ɗaya, yana ɓarna gefen gefe cikin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙima. Muna samar da kyawawan kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu sheki amma muna kashe kayan aiki.
Gyaran ya kasance mai ƙima. Mun je zuwa mafi tsaka-tsaki, ƙwanƙwasa juzu'i mai ƙarfi tare da shiri mai nauyi mai nauyi (ƙaƙƙarfan gefuna, ba kaifi ba). Wannan ya ƙara ƙarfin yankewa kaɗan, amma ya goyi bayan yankan da kyau sosai akan abrasion. Guntu ya fi kauri, ƙarancin kirtani, kuma ya ɗauke zafi sosai. Rayuwar kayan aiki ta ninka sau uku. Darasi: a cikin allunan nickel masu girma, wani lokacin kana buƙatar jingina zuwa ga yanke tare da karfi mai karfi, kada kayi ƙoƙarin yin tsalle a kan shi tare da m.
Coolant: Aboki ko Maƙiyi a cikin Machining na Musamman na Alloy?
Wannan shi ne rigima. Shawarar gargajiya don machining titanium da nickel gami shine mai sanyaya ambaliya, koyaushe. Kuma ga yawancin ayyuka, hakan yayi daidai — yana sarrafa yanayin zafin sashe kuma yana taimakawa wajen fitar da guntu. Amma da wadannan musamman gami sakas, musamman waɗanda ke da wasu makin yumbu ko CBN (cubic boron nitride), girgizar zafi shine ainihin kisa.
Ka yi tunanin kana gudanar da abin da ake saka yumbu a kan mutuƙar taurin karfe. Saka yana aiki a cikin wani yanki na matsanancin zafi a gefen yanke; haka take kiyaye taurinsa. Idan jet na mai sanyaya zafin ɗaki ya bugi wannan gefen ja-zafi na ɗan lokaci, kuna neman ƙananan fasa. A irin waɗannan lokuta, zaku iya zaɓar fashewar iska, ko mafi kyau, tsarin hazo mai ƙarfi wanda ke ba da wasu sanyaya da share guntu ba tare da bambance-bambancen zafi na mai sanyaya ambaliya ba.
Don ƙarin abubuwan shigar da carbide na gama gari tare da suturar PVD akan cobalt ko kayan haɗin nickel, babban mai sanyaya kayan aiki mai ƙarfi shine sau da yawa sarki. Ba wai kawai game da sanyaya ba; yana game da samun waɗancan masu taurin kai, kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu ɓarna daga yankin da aka yanke nan da nan. Yanke guntu tabbataccen gazawar sakawa. A kan su CNC machining cibiyoyin, cimma abin dogara high-matsa lamba coolant isar zuwa ainihin yanke batu ne mara shawarwari saitin mataki domin ingantaccen musamman gami aiki.
Sarkar kawowa da Samar da Aiki
Ga wani abu da ba za ku samu ba a cikin takardar fasaha: gaskiyar dabaru. Wadannan abubuwan da aka saka suna da tsada. Riƙe ƙididdiga ga kowane abu mai yuwuwa da aiki shine magudanar ruwa don shagon aiki. Dangantaka da mai kaya wanda ya fahimci takamaiman haɗin aikinku-kamar simintin ƙarfe, bakin karfe, da gami na musamman waɗanda QSY ke ɗauka-yana da mahimmanci.
Ba game da samun mafi yawan samfuran ba, amma game da samun ƴan amintattun layukan da kuke fahimtar ambulan wasan sosai. Kun koyi cewa Grade XXX daga mai siyar da ku shine abin da kuke so don kashi 90% na aikin bakin bakin ku na 17-4PH daga layin simintin saka hannun jari, kuma Grade YYY an keɓe shi don yankewar da gaske ya katse akan manyan inconel 625 bawul. Kuna gina ɗaki-daki-daki-daki-daki-daki-daki na abin da ke aiki don maimaita kalubalen shagon ku.
Wannan kuma shine inda aikin haɗin gwiwa a tsaye yake nuna ƙarfinsa. Saboda suna sarrafa tsarin simintin gyare-gyare, wani lokaci suna iya daidaita maganin zafi ko ma ƙirar simintin gyare-gyare (ƙara radius kaɗan, canza kaurin bango) don sa ɓangaren ya zama mai iya aiki tare da ma'auni, abin dogara wanda suka riga sun adana. Wannan haɗin gwiwa na cikin gida tsakanin masana'anta da kantin injin don haɓakawa don ƙirƙira babbar fa'ida ce, sau da yawa ɓoye, fa'ida wacce ke yin tasiri kai tsaye ga ingantaccen amfani da waɗannan kayan aikin yankan daidai.
Don haka, lokaci na gaba da kuka saka a musamman gami saka, duba bayan bayanan. Ka yi tunani game da tarihin ɓangaren (simintin simintin gyaran kafa ko aka yi?), Geometry ɗin sa (yanke yanke ko ci gaba?), Tsaftar injin ku, da dabarun sanyaya ku. Tsari ne, kuma abin da ake sakawa abu ne mai mahimmanci. Samun shi daidai yana jin ƙarancin ilimin kimiyya kuma ya fi kama da sana'a - sana'ar da aka gina akan gazawar da aka lura, gyare-gyare na dabara, da zurfin girmamawa ga kayan da kuke ƙoƙarin haɓakawa.
