Mu fa a gaskiya, idan akasarin mutane suka ji ‘kakin simintin karfe’, sai su yi hoton wani mai sana’a shi kadai yana sassaka sassaken kudan zuma a hankali kafin ya bace a cikin hayakin da zai maye gurbinsa da karfe mai kyalli. Wannan hoton soyayya wani bangare ne na labarin, amma gaskiyar masana'antu-abin da muke kira zuba jari- shi ne gritty, madaidaici, kuma sau da yawa ballet ballet na ilmin sinadarai, thermodynamics, da kuma haƙuri. Babban kuskure? Cewa tsari ne mai sauƙi, mataki ɗaya 'ɓataccen kakin zuma'. Ba haka ba. Sarka ce, kuma kowace hanyar haɗin gwiwa, tun daga tsarin kakin zuma na farko zuwa shakewar ƙarshe, wata yuwuwar gazawa ce. Na ga ƙarin simintin gyare-gyaren da aka cire daga ƙaramin kumfa na iska da aka makale a cikin harsashi na yumbu fiye da kowane lahani na ƙarfe. A nan ne ainihin aikin ke faruwa.
Kakin Kaki Shine Farko
Kowa ya damu da kakin zuma, kuma tabbas, yana da mahimmanci. Amma irin kakin zuma? Ba fasaha sculpting kakin zuma ba. Muna amfani da kakin zuma na allura, gaurayawan da aka tsara don takamaiman ƙimar raguwa, abun cikin ash, da tsauri. A wani wuri kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), tare da shekarun da suka gabata a wasan, za su sami ɗakin karatu na waxes don ayyuka daban-daban. Bakin sararin samaniya mai katanga mai sirara yana buƙatar siffa ta gudana daban fiye da tataccen jikin bawul. Samun sigogin allura ba daidai ba a nan-zazzabi, matsa lamba, lokacin zagayowar—yana nufin tsarin ya karkata daga baya. Kuma murdiya a matakin kakin zuma yana ƙaruwa a ɓangaren ƙarfe na ƙarshe. Na koyi cewa hanya mai wuya tun da wuri, samar da wani nau'i na kayan aiki mara kyau waɗanda ba su da ban mamaki; mayar da shi zuwa ga kakin zuma sanyaya a hankali a cikin mutuwa.
Haɗin tsarin, ko 'itace', wata fasaha ce mara ƙima. Ba wai kawai manna sassan kakin zuma a kan sprue ba. Kuna tsara tsarin ciyarwa don narkakken ƙarfe. Yadda kuke karkatar da sassan, diamita na masu gudu, jeri na ƙofofi-wannan duk yana nuna ƙarfi. Rashin rashin kyau yana haifar da raguwar kogo, lahani na ciki wanda zai iya nunawa a cikin X-ray kawai. Na tuna wani aiki na famfo impeller a duplex bakin karfe inda muka ci gaba da samun porosity a cikin cibiya. Mun sake fasalin itacen kakin zuma, muna ƙara ƙarami, tashoshi masu ciyarwa da aka yi niyya, kuma ya share daidai. Waɗannan tweaks ne, waɗanda aka haife su daga gazawa, waɗanda ke raba shagon aiki da ƙwararru.
Sai gashi na farko, tsoma yumbu na farko. Wannan ba dunk ba ne na yau da kullun. slurry, gaurayawan fulawar silica mai kyau da ɗaure, dole ne a jika kakin zuma daidai don kama kowane daki-daki. Duk wani kankanin facin da slurry baya mannewa ya zama 'fins' ko karo kan simintin. Ana amfani da stucco, ko yashi mai raɗaɗi, nan da nan bayan haka. Girman grit na wannan rigar farko shine mafi kyau - shine abin da ke ba ku ƙarewar saman. Na shafe sa'o'i tare da na'urar hangen nesa na kwatanta garin zircon da silica mai gauraya don waccan rigar farko a wani ɓangaren da ke buƙatar kammala microinch Ra 3.2. Zabin yana da mahimmanci.
Ginin Shell: Gwajin Hakuri
Gina harsashi tseren marathon ne, ba gudu ba. Kuna amfani da gashi bayan gashi, musanya tsakanin slurry da stucco mai zurfi (kamar aluminosilicate), barin kowane Layer ya bushe gaba ɗaya a cikin yanayin sarrafawa. Danshi shine abokin gaba a nan. Babban zafi yana jinkirta bushewa, yana haifar da raunin harsashi. Da sauri, kuma kuna samun fasa. Muna nufin yadudduka 7 zuwa 9 yawanci, amma don babban simintin ƙarfe, yana iya zama 12 ko fiye. Kowane Layer yana ƙara kauri da ƙarfi don jure matsi na narkakkar ƙarfe. Na yi da harsashi sun kasa-wani bala'i mai ban tsoro a lokacin zubar da ruwa-saboda mun yi gaggawar bushewa a lokacin rani mai zafi. Darasi mai tsada a cikin mutunta tsari.
Dewaxing shine inda sunan 'bataccen kakin zuma' ya fito, kuma lokaci ne na tashin hankali. Ba ma narke kakin zuma a hankali. Hanyar daidaitaccen tsari shine dewaxing autoclave: harsashi yana fuskantar tururi mai ƙarfi, wanda ke saurin zafi da kakin zuma, yana haifar da faɗaɗawa da gudana. Idan harsashi bai cika bushewa ba, matsawar tururi na iya busa shi baya ga ciki. A madadin, kashe wuta mai walƙiya - jefa harsashi a cikin tanderu mai zafi - yana da sauri amma ya fi haɗari ga girgizar zafi. Manufar ita ce barin cikakkiyar kogon yumbu mai tsabta. Duk wata tokar kakin zuma da ta rage na iya gurɓata saman ƙarfe daga baya.
Bayan dewaxing, ana harba harsashi a cikin tanderu a yanayin zafi mai zafi, sau da yawa a kusa da 1000 ° C. Wannan yana yin abubuwa biyu: yana ƙone duk wata alamar kakin zuma ko ɗaure ta ƙarshe, kuma yana haɗa ɓangarorin yumbura tare, yana haifar da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙura mai ƙyalli da ke shirye don zubawa. Tsarin harbe-harbe yana da mahimmanci. Yi sauri da sauri, kuma zafin zafi yana fashe harsashi. Harsashin da aka harba yana da rauni amma yana da juriya ga zafi. Kuna rike shi da wani nau'in girmamawa.
Zubawa, Shakeout, da Lokacin Gaskiya
Zubawa shine bangaren ban mamaki. Ana sanya nau'in, wanda har yanzu yana da zafi daga tanderun, a cikin kwandon da aka cika yashi don tallafi. Karfe-ka ce, a nickel tushen gami don ruwan injin turbine - yana narke a cikin injin daskarewa ko tanderun shigar da shi zuwa madaidaicin yanayin zafi mai zafi. Zubawar yana buƙatar sauri da ci gaba don guje wa rufewar sanyi. Sai ka ga karfen ya yi ambaliya a cikin kofin sprue, sannan kuma wasa ne na jira yayin da yake karfafawa. Kaddarorin thermal na harsashi kai tsaye suna shafar tsarin hatsi na karfe. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa girke-girke na yumbu ya zama mallaki ga yawancin wuraren da aka samo asali.
Da zarar an sanyaya, lokaci yayi don shakeout. Wannan shi ne brute force hadu finesse. Kuna karya harsashi yumbu, yawanci tare da guduma mai huhu ko tebur mai girgiza. Yana da ƙarfi, aikin ƙura. Abin da ya rage shi ne bishiyar ƙarfe, an lulluɓe shi da maƙalar yumbu. An yanke sassan daga tsakiyar sprue ta amfani da ƙafafun abrasive ko saws band. Wannan shine karo na farko da gaske kuke ganin danyen simintin. Ji lokacin da kuka ga tsaftataccen tsari, cikakkiyar sifa yana fitowa mai sauƙi ne. Ji lokacin da kuka ga sashin da ya ɓace ko babban raguwa? Tsoro
Tsaftacewa ta farko ta ƙunshi fashewar yashi ko tsaftace sinadarai don cire guntun harsashi na ƙarshe. Daga nan aka fara dubawa. Gwajin ƙira, duban gani na lahani, gwajin rini don fashe. Don abubuwa masu mahimmanci, kamar waɗanda QSY ke samarwa don yin aiki zuwa sassa na ƙarshe, kuna matsawa zuwa radiyo (X-ray) ko gwajin ultrasonic don nemo lahani na ciki. Anan ne ake yanke hukunci akan matakan farko. Tarin porosity akan fim ɗin X-ray sau da yawa ana iya gano shi zuwa batun ƙirar kakin zuma ko aibi na ƙirar gating daga kwanakin baya.
Me Yasa Ba A Taba Wajen Yin Simintin Ba
Ga abin da ya shafi zamani kakin karfe simintin gyaran kafa: yana da wuya ƙarshen layin. Sashin simintin simintin simintin gyare-gyaren sarari ne na kusa-net. Domin ya kasance mai aiki, kusan koyaushe yana buƙatar injina. Wannan shine inda haɗin kai yake da mahimmanci. Gine-ginen da ke fahimtar machining shine zinari. Za su tsara simintin gyare-gyare tare da machining datums a zuciya, ƙara ƙarancin alawus ɗin hannun jari amma isasshe, kuma suyi la'akari da maki. Samfurin QSY na bayar da simintin saka hannun jari da Injin CNC ƙarƙashin rufin ɗaya yana da cikakkiyar ma'ana. Za su iya jefa jikin bawul ɗin bakin karfe na 17-4PH tare da fuskokin hatimi masu mahimmanci da aka bar kamar yadda aka jefa, sanin ainihin adadin hannun jari don barin injinan CNC ɗin su don gamawa zuwa cikakkiyar Ra 0.8. Yana kawar da nuna yatsa tsakanin simintin simintin gyare-gyare da kuma shagunan inji.
Zaɓin kayan kuma yana da mahimmanci ga tsari. Zuba jari ya yi fice da gami da wahalar injin. Yana da ƙarin tattalin arziƙi don jefa siffa mai sarƙaƙƙiya daga Inconel 718 fiye da yin na'urar ta daga ƙaƙƙarfan toshe. Sharar gida ba ta da yawa. Don ƙananan ƙananan sassa masu girma, kamar shugabannin kulob na golf ko haƙoran haƙora, suna amfani da kakin kakin rami da yawa da kuma taron bishiya mai sarrafa kansa. Don ƙananan girma, manyan sassa-tunanin gidan famfo guda ɗaya don aikin hakar ma'adinai-zai iya zama bishiyar da aka haɗa ta hannu daga ƙirar da aka yi ta hanyar samfuri cikin sauri. Tsarin yana daidaitawa, amma ainihin ƙa'idodin ba sa canzawa.
Na ga shagunan suna ƙoƙarin yanke sasanninta - sake amfani da slurry sau da yawa, rage lokacin bushewa, tsallake cikakken nazarin yanayin zafi akan sabon ƙirar sashi. Kusan koyaushe yana komawa baya, yana haifar da ƙimar ɓarke da yawa waɗanda ke share duk wani tanadi da aka gani. Kamfanonin da suka wuce, kamar waɗanda ke da shekaru 30 na tarihi, sun fahimci tsarin ne. Yana nufin sarrafa ɗaruruwan masu canji don cimma daidaito. Ba sihiri ba ne; yana da hankali, wani lokaci mai gajiyarwa, sarrafawa.
Tunani Na Ƙarshe: Tsarin Gyara
Don haka, simintin gyaran ƙarfe na kakin zuma, ko saka hannun jari, ba dabara ɗaya ba ce. Tsarin tsari ne. Kakin zuma shine wurin farawa, amma tsarin harsashi yumbu shine zuciya ta gaskiya, kuma ƙarfe shine rai. Nasara ta ta'allaka ne kan yadda kuke gudanar da mu'amalar da ke tsakanin su. Tsari ne da ya dace da rikitarwa, ga allunan da ke dariya a yankan kayan aiki, da kuma aikace-aikace inda aikin ya mamaye komai.
Ga injiniyoyin da ke zayyana wani sabon sashi, shawarata mara buƙatu ita ce ku yi magana da ginin ku da wuri. Kada kawai aika samfurin CAD na ƙarshe don ƙididdiga. Sanya su cikin matakin ƙira-don-ƙera. Canjin daftarin dan kadan, daidaitawar radius mai dabara, ko ƙofa da aka koma gida na iya nuna bambanci tsakanin rabon kashi 95% da yawan amfanin ƙasa 70%. Ƙwarewar masana'anta da aka haɗa ba kawai a cikin zub da ƙarfe ba; yana cikin kewaya sarkar gabaɗaya daga kakin zuma zuwa ɓangaren da aka gama.
A ƙarshe, abin da ke fitowa daga harsashi yumbura da aka karye ya fi ƙarfe. Wannan shine ƙarshen jerin matakai masu tsayi, kowanne yana dogara akan ƙarshe. Lokacin da yake aiki, yana jin ƙarancin masana'anta kuma yana kama da alchemy, wanda aka samu ta hanyar gwaji, kuskure, da tarawa. Wannan shine ainihin labarin bayan kakin zuma.
