Ke kuhikuhi nei nā mea ʻenekinia i ka 310S stainless steel no nā linings umu, exhaust manifolds, a i ʻole nā kino valve wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole lākou e koho wale i kahi mea - ke koho nei lākou i ka paʻa microstructure ma luna o 1,000 ° C. Eia naʻe ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka hapa nui o nā hui kūʻai: ʻAʻole kēlā me kēia 310S hale hana kila kila e hāʻawi i ka hoʻolālā palaoa maʻamau, ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka carbide, a i ʻole ke kūpaʻa maloʻo wela—ʻoiai me nā palapala wili like.. Ua ʻike mākou i ka wela o ka 310S castings ma hope o 200 cycles ma 1,150 ° C-ʻaʻole ma muli o ka hoʻolālā ʻana, akā no ka mea ʻaʻole i homogenized piha ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale dendritic as-cast ma mua o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka hopena.
No ke aha e ʻoi aku ai ka paʻa ʻana o nā mea waiwai ma mua o nā palapala Mill wale nō
Hōʻoia ka hōʻike hoʻāʻo wili i ka haku inoa inoa. Ke hana nei ʻaʻole e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hāʻawi like ʻana i ka chromium-nickel ma waena o kahi pā hoʻolei ʻana he 400-mm ka mānoanoa. Ma ka hana honua maoli, ua ana mākou a hiki i ka 8% Cr depletion i loko o nā ʻāpana interdendritic o ke one-cast 310S — lawa e hoʻoulu ai i ka hoʻoheheʻe kūloko ma 1,050 ° C. ʻO ia ke kumu e koi ai nā mea hoʻohana alakaʻi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻaʻole wale ka loiloi kemika. ʻO ka hale hana kila kila 310S maikaʻi loa e hoʻohui i ka hoʻolei ʻana, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hopena, a me ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ke kaumaha i hoʻokahi kaʻina i hoʻomalu ʻia - ʻaʻohe mea mālama wela o waho, ʻaʻohe pūʻulu lima. Ma kā mākou hale hana ma Qingdao, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia 310S kahi hoʻohui ʻelua i ka annealing: ʻo ka mua ma 1,060 ° C no ka hoʻoheheʻe carbide piha, a laila hoʻomaha mālie i 750 ° C a hoʻomehana hou i 920 ° C e spheroidize koena sigma. ʻAʻole kēia he hana maʻamau - ʻo ia ke ʻano o kā mākou paʻa ʻana i ka nui o ka corrosion intergranular ma lalo o 0.02 mm/makahiki i ka ʻike wela cyclic.
ʻEkolu mau mana hiki ʻole ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia e pono ai ʻoe e hōʻoia
Ma mua o ka ʻae ʻana i kahi hale hana kila stainless 310S, e hōʻoia i kēia mau mana ʻekolu-ma ka pūnaewele, ʻaʻole ma ka leka uila:
- ʻO ka hōʻoia metallurgical ma ka papahele: Ke holo nei lākou i ka optical emission spectroscopy (OES) ma kēlā me kēia wela? Hiki iā lākou ke huki i kahi laʻana mai ka ʻāpana mānoanoa loa o kāu hoʻolei ʻana - ʻaʻole wale ka mea hoʻokele kiaʻi?
- Ka mālama ʻana i ka wela o ka lewa: Ua hana ʻia ka annealing i loko o nā kapuahi hui ʻana o ka nitrogen-hydrogen me kahi hau ≤ –40°C? ʻO ka lele ʻana o ka ea i ka wā hoʻoluʻu e hoʻokumu i ka pālākiō chromium oxide e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kūpaʻa scaling lōʻihi.
- ʻO ka hōʻoia paʻa ʻana o ka dimensional: No nā ʻāpana ma luna o 300 mm, ana lākou i ka warpage mahope lapaʻau wela—ʻaʻole ma hope wale nō o ka mīkini? Ua hoʻoponopono mākou i ke kakaka 0.8 mm i loko o kahi apo puhi ahi 310S ma ka hoʻololi mua ʻana i ke kumu, a laila hōʻoia me ka laser tracker post-anneal.
Kahi i hāʻule ʻole ai nā ʻatikala maʻamau—a lanakila ka ʻenekinia maʻamau
Hana maikaʻi nā flanges 310S ma waho o ka papa ma 850°C. Akā inā koi kāu noi i ka 1,100°C paikikala me nā syngas sulfur-laden, hāʻule nā mea kikoʻī maʻamau. ʻO ia ka manawa e pono ai ʻoe i kahi hoa nāna e mālama i ka kemika ma ke ʻano he hoʻomaka-ʻaʻole ka laina hoʻopau. No ka mea kūʻai mai ʻEulopa e kūkulu ana i nā ʻea biomass gasifier, hoʻoponopono mākou i ka hehee 310S: hoʻāla ʻia ke silika i 1.8% no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pale ʻana, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka manganese i 0.4% e hoʻopau i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka delta-ferrite, a hoʻohui i ka 0.15% cerium i nā palena o ka palaoa. Hualoaʻa: 3.2× ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola lawelawe me ka ASTM A297 Grade HK40. ʻAʻohe palapala hōʻoia e uhi i kēlā - akā ʻo ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka honua maoli.
He aha kāu e nīnau ai ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana i kāu PO mua
Mai nīnau "Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i 310S?" E nīnau mai:
- "E hōʻike mai iaʻu i nā palapala ʻāina EDS ʻekolu hope loa o nā hoʻolei 310S i ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa ma mua o 250 mm - ʻo ia hoʻi ka pilina ma waena o ka riser a me ka hoʻolei ʻana."
- "He aha kāu manawa paʻa loa ma waena o ka haʻalulu a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka hopena no kahi hale 120-kg 310S?" (Pono ka pane ≤ 4 hola)
- "Ke paʻa nei ʻoe i nā hiʻohiʻona tensile mai kēlā me kēia wela—a hiki iaʻu ke noi i ka ʻikepili hopena Charpy ma 1,000°C?"
QINGDAO QIANGSENYUAN TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. mālama i ka traceability piha mai ka ladle log a hiki i ka hōʻike CMM hope loa. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kauoha 310S nā palapala hōʻoia maka, nā palapala hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela, a me nā kiʻi metallographic o ka ʻāpana mānoanoa loa - aia ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana. ʻO kā lākou ISO-compliant foundry e holo ana i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā a me ka hoʻolei ʻana i ke one ma ka ʻaoʻao, e ʻae iā lākou e koho i ke kaʻina hana e hōʻemi i ka gradient thermal i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi. No nā geometries paʻakikī e like me ka nui-port exhaust manifolds, hoʻohana lākou i ka hybrid casting-machining: rough-cast near-net shape, a laila CNC-machine sealing surfaces i ± 0.05 mm ma hope o ka hoʻomaha hoʻoluhi-hoʻopau ʻana i ka distortion post-heat-treat.
E nānā ma waho aʻe o ka palapala hōʻoia—E nānā i ka ʻili haʻihaʻi
ʻO ka hoʻāʻo maoli o kahi hale hana kila stainless 310S ʻaʻole kāna pepa. ʻO ia ke hōʻike ʻana i nā ʻili haʻihaʻi maʻemaʻe, equiaxed grains-ʻaʻole dendrites hemo a i ʻole nā pūnaewele sigma-phase. Ke loaʻa iā ʻoe kāu laʻana mua, e noi i kahi ʻāpana keʻa poni mai ka pā kaumaha loa. Ma lalo o ka 100× hoʻonui, pono ʻoe e ʻike i ka nui o ka palaoa like ʻole (ASTM 4-6), ʻaʻohe pōhā intergranular, a ʻaʻohe mau mea i pau i ka chromium. ʻO ia ka pūlima o ka mea hoʻolako e mālama iā 310S ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano he kila waiwai - akā ma ke ʻano he ʻōnaehana thermal precision. Ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe nei nā papahana honua i ka wela o ka hana, ua hoʻokaʻawale kēlā ʻokoʻa i nā hoa hilinaʻi mai ka helu hou ʻana. I ka manawa aʻe e kuhikuhi ai ʻoe iā 310S, mai nānā wale i ka pepa kikoʻī. E nānā i ka microstructure.
