Nā hopena o nā Elements i nā Alloys ma nā ʻano Mechanical 

ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā mea metala ʻokoʻa i loko o kahi alloy hiki ke hoʻopilikia nui i kona mau waiwai mechanical (e like me ka ikaika, paʻakikī, ductility, paʻakikī, pale ʻana i ka corrosion, etc.).

Eia nā kuleana o nā mea metala maʻamau i loko o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe a me kā lākou hopena i nā waiwai mechanical.

1.Kapona (C)

(1) hoʻohana: Loaʻa ka nui ma ke kila a me ka hao hao, e hana ana i nā carbide me ka hao (e like me Fe3C).

(2).

①.Ka ikaika/oolea: ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kalapona e hoʻonui nui i ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika (e like me ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe), akā hiki i ka nui ke alakaʻi i ka brittleness.

②.Ductility: ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kalapona, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ductility a me ka paʻakikī.

③.Weldability: Loaʻa i ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe nā waiwai wiliwili maikaʻi ʻole.

2.Chromium (Cr)

(1) hoʻohana: Mea koʻikoʻi no ke kila kila (e like me 304, 316) a me ke kila mea hana.

(2).

①. ʻO ke kū ʻana o ka corrosion: Hoʻokumu i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive oxide (Cr2O3) no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pale ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.

②.Oolea/ikaika: Hoʻokumu i ka carbide me ke kalapona (e like me Cr23C6) e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa.

③.High wela hana: Hoʻonui i ka ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe (e like me ke kila wela).

3.Nikela (Ni)

(1). Nā noi: kila kuhiliʻole (e like me 304), kiʻekiʻe wela wela (e like me Inconel) a me ka corrosion kuʻekuʻe.

(2).

①. ʻoʻoleʻa: Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka ductility (e like me ke kila nickel no nā wahi wela haʻahaʻa).

②.ʻAi ʻino: Hoʻonui i ke kū'ē i nā waikawa a me nā alkali.

③.Austenite stabilization: I loko o ke kila kila, hui pū me ka chromium e hana i kahi ʻano austenitic (e like me ke kila 304).

4.Molybdenum (Mo)

(1). Nā noi: ke kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe (e like me 4140), ke kila kila (e like me 316) a me nā mea wela wela.

(2).

①.Ka ikaika/ka wela: Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa kolo.

②.ʻAi ʻino: Hoʻonui i ke kū'ē i ka chloride stress corrosion (e like me 316 stainless steel).

③. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa palaoa: Hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī.

5. Manganese (Mn)

(1). Nā noi: ke kila kalapona (e like me A36), ke kila kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (HSLA) a me ke kila manganese austenitic (e like me ke kila Hadfield).

(2).

①.Deoxidation/desulfurization: Hoʻemi i nā hopena ʻino o ka sulfur (ʻano MnS ma kahi o FeS).

②.Ka paakiki: Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana (e like me ke kila manganese kiʻekiʻe no nā bākeke excavator).

③.Austenite stabilization: Pani nickel hapa i ke kila kuhiliʻole.

6.Silikona (Si)

(1). Hoʻohana: Ke kila puna (e laʻa. 65Mn), kila uila, a me nā alumini alumini (e laʻa. 4xxx series).

(2). Hoʻoikaika:

①.Ka ikaika/elasticity: Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika a me ka palena elastic o ke kila (e like me ka silicon-manganese spring steel).

②.Deoxidizer: Wehe i ka oxygen i ka wā hana kila.

③.Manekini waiwai: Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mana magnetic o ke kila uila.

7. Aluminum (Al)

(1). Hoʻohana: Aluminum alloys (e laʻa.

(2).

①.Māmāmā: Hoʻemi i ka nui (ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā alumini alumini ma mua o ke kila).

②.ʻAi ʻino: Hoʻokumu i ke kiʻi pale Al2O3.

③. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa palaoa: Kāohi i ka ulu ʻana o ka palaoa i ke kila.

8.Titanium (Ti)

(1). Nā noi: ʻO nā huila Titanium (e laʻa.

(2).

①. Lakiō ikaika/kaumaha: Loaʻa ka ikaika kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe loa o nā alloys Titanium.

②.ʻAi ʻino: Kū'ē i ka wai kai a me ka chloride corrosion.

③.Carbide hana: Hoʻoponopono i ke kalapona i ke kila no ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion intergranular (e.g. 321 stainless steel).

9. Ke keleawe (Cu)

(1). Nā noi: Ke keleawe (Cu-Zn), keleawe (Cu-Sn), a me nā kila hoʻopaʻa i ka ua (e like me 17-4PH).

(2).

①. ʻO ke kū ʻana o ka corrosion: Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o ka lewa (e laʻa me ke kila welu).

②.Electrical/thermal conductivity: Loaʻa i nā ala keleawe maikaʻi ka conductivity uila.

③. Hoʻoikaika ka ua: Hoʻokumu i ka māhele ε-Cu i ke kila (e laʻa. 17-4PH kila kuhiliʻole).

10.Vanadium (V)

(1). Nā noi: Nā kila kila (e.g. D2), nā kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ikaika kiʻekiʻe (HSLA).

(2).

①. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻai: Hoʻokumu ʻia nā carbonitrides (e like me VC) e pale i ka ulu ʻana o ka palaoa.

②.Ka ikaika/oolea: E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika me ka mālama ʻana i ka paʻakikī (e like me ke kila HSLA).

11.Tungsten (W)

(1). Nā noi: ʻO ke kila kiʻekiʻe (e like me M2), carbide cemented (WC-Co) a me nā mea wela wela.

(2).

①.Ka wela wela oolea: Ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā carbide pale ʻaʻahu (e like me W2C).

②.ʻulaʻula paʻakikī: ʻO ke kila kiʻekiʻe e mālama i ka paʻakikī i nā mahana wela.

12. Zinc (Zn)

(1). Nā noi: Ke kila galvanized (pale i ka rust), keleawe (Cu-Zn) a me nā alumini alumini (e like me 7xxx series).

(2).

①.Sacrificial anode pale: Mālama ka papa zinc i ka matrix kila.

②.Ka ikaika: Hoʻokumu i kahi pae hoʻoikaika i nā alumini alumini (e like me Zn-Mg-Cu, 7075 alumini alumini).

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo: ʻO ka mana nui o nā mea i nā waiwai mechanical

Ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻike a me ka hui pū ʻana o kēia mau mea, hiki ke hoʻolālā ʻia nā ʻāpana e hoʻokō i nā pono kikoʻī (e like me nā kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe.