ʻO ka Stellite alloy he huaʻōlelo maʻamau no ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana cobalt-chromium i kū i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻahu a me ka ʻino. ʻO "Stellite" kahi patent o ka hui Deloro. I ka makahiki 2012, ua loaʻa ka hui ʻo Deloro Stellite e Kennametal a ua lilo i inoa inoa inoa inoa o Kennametal, i hoʻohana ʻia e kuhikuhi i nā alloys pili i ka cobalt.
ʻO ka hui kemika o Stellite alloy:
No ka ʻohana alloy cobalt ka alloy Stellite a loaʻa ka nui o nā mea kumu:
Cobalt (Co): He mea matrix, e helu ana ma kahi o 50-65% o ka nui o ke kaumaha, e hāʻawi ana i ka ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa luhi wela.
Chromium (Cr): ʻO kona ʻike ma waena o 25% a me 33%, a ʻo ia ke kī i ka hana ʻana i kahi papa pale paʻa o ka chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃), e hāʻawi ana i ka alloy me ke kūpaʻa kūʻokoʻa i ka oxidation wela a me ka corrosion.
Tungsten (W) a me molybdenum (Mo): ʻO nā mea hoʻoikaika paʻa paʻa nui. ʻO kekahi tungsten a i ʻole molybdenum e hui pū me ke kalapona e hana i nā carbide paʻakikī, e hoʻonui nui i ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka alloy.
Carbon (C) : Ke loli nei ka ʻike ma waena o 0.1% a me 3.0%. ʻO ke kalapona ka mea nui i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā carbide (e like me MC, M₂₃C₆, M₇C₃), i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka cobalt matrix e like me nā kaola kila, e hana ana i ka "skeleton" no ke alo e pale aku i ka ʻaʻahu.
ʻO ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o Stellite alloy mai ka austenite matrix i hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka hopena paʻa a me nā carbide i puʻunaue ʻia i ka matrix. ʻO kēia ʻano hana hoʻoikaika kūʻokoʻa e hiki ai iā Stellite alloy ke ʻike i ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, e hāʻawi ana iā ia me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe loa.
ʻO nā māka nui a me nā hiʻohiʻona o Stellite alloy:
Moʻo-pale ʻaʻahu
Stellite 1: He kiʻekiʻe-carbon a kiʻekiʻe-tungsten māka me ka paʻakikī a hiki i ka HRC 48-55. Loaʻa iā ia ka hana anti-abrasive maikaʻi loa a kūpono i nā noho valve, nā bearings a me nā liner pale pale, etc.
Stellite 4: Ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe. He kūpono ia no ka make ʻana o ke anu anuanu, nā ʻāpana lole hoʻoluhi kiʻekiʻe, etc.
Stellite 6: ʻO ka papa maʻamau a maʻamau, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "Jack o nā ʻano āpau". Loaʻa iā ia kahi kaulike kūpono o ka paʻakikī (e pili ana i ka HRC 40) a me ka paʻakikī, a me nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa i ka hopena hopena, ke kūpaʻa ʻino a me ke kūʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā wahi hoʻopaʻa valve, nā ʻenekini a me nā ʻano bushings, etc.
Stellite 12: Aia kona hana ma waena o Stellite 1 a me Stellite 6, me ka pa'akikī ma kahi o HRC 45. 'Oi aku ka pa'akikī a 'oi aku ka pa'a o ka lole ma mua o Stellite 6, a he mea kūpono ia no nā kiwikā wela wela a me ke ki'eki'e, nā niho niho, nā ko'oko'o wiliwili, a me nā kiwi ho'omalu.
Stellite 20: He papa me ka paakiki kiʻekiʻe loa (e pili ana i ka HRC 60), i hoʻolālā nui ʻia no nā kūlana ʻaʻahu abrasive loa, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka lawe lima lima, nā papa pale ʻaʻahu, a me nā apo sealing rotary.
Stellite 100: Impact-resistant a cavitation resistant, i hoʻolālā nui ʻia no nā kūlana abrasive abrasive, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā impeller pump, turbine blades, a me nā mea kemika.
Kiʻekiʻe-mehana/corrosion-pale moʻo
Stellite 21: He haʻahaʻa-carbon, molybdenum-i loko o ka papa me ka ʻoʻoleʻa maikaʻi loa a me ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu wela. ʻO nā ʻōpala turbine kinoea, nā kiwi wela wela, nā ʻāpana ʻoihana nuklea.
Stellite 31 (X-40): Loaʻa iā ia ka nickel, hōʻike ia i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka pale ʻana i ka luhi wela, a ua hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻia ma ke ʻano he kumu no nā vane alakaʻi i nā ʻenekini aero a me nā ʻāpana o nā turbines kinoea.
Stellite 25: Haʻahaʻa kalapona maʻiʻo, me ka maikaʻi ke kū'ē i ka wela wela, oxidation a me ka sulfidation, kūpono no nā ʻāpana o ke keʻena puhi.
Hana Hana Kūikawā
ʻO Tribaloy T-400: Maʻiʻo molybdenum kiʻekiʻe, waiwai lubricating ponoʻī kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻokō ana i ka lubrication ponoʻī kiʻekiʻe ma o ka pae Laves, kūpono loa no nā ʻīpuka puka a me nā ʻāpana lubrication ʻaila-ʻole i loko o ka pāhana kiʻekiʻe a me ka corrosive.
Tribaloy T-800: ʻO ka molybdenum kiʻekiʻe a me ka chromium kiʻekiʻe, me ke kūpaʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o T-400, kūpono no nā kaiapuni koʻikoʻi, corrosive a me ka wela kiʻekiʻe.
Nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā pōʻino o Stellite alloy
Nā pono
ʻO ka paʻakikī ʻulaʻula maikaʻi loa: ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o Stellite alloy ʻo ia ka hiki ke mālama i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika a hiki i nā wela kiʻekiʻe mai 650 a 1000 ℃. ʻAʻole e hoʻoheheʻe hou ʻia kāna carbide a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 1100 ℃, he mea paʻakikī ia no ka nui o nā mea hao a me ka nickel.
ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻino piha: ʻO ka maʻiʻo chromium kiʻekiʻe e hiki ai iā ia ke hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni passivation paʻa i nā media corrosive like ʻole, me ka wai kai, sulfuric acid, nitric acid a me ke kinoea wela kiʻekiʻe, e hōʻike ana i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka ʻaʻahu a me ka ʻino kūloko. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ke ʻano o ke kūʻē ʻana i ka ʻino wela (e like me ka sulfidation), ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā alloys Stellite ma mua o nā alloys nickel-based ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe heheʻe o ka cobalt sulfides.
Kūleʻa ʻaʻahu maikaʻi loa: ʻO ka ʻaʻahu ʻaʻahu intermetallic friction (ʻaʻahu adhesive) a i ʻole ka ʻaʻahu ʻino i hana ʻia e nā wai i loko o nā ʻāpana, hana maikaʻi loa ka Stellite alloy. He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ia o ka friction a me ka mana anti-scratch ikaika.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka luhi wela: Hiki iā ia ke pale i nā loli wela (thermal shock) me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana, kūpono loa ia no nā kūlana hoʻomaka pinepine o nā valves, molds, etc.
Ka pōʻino
ʻAʻole lawa ka ikaika ma waena o ka wela: Ma nā wela waena (e like me 600-800 ℃), ʻo ka ikaika o nā ʻāpana Stellite maʻamau he 50-75% wale nō o nā ʻāpana nickel-based ma muli o ka nele o nā pae hoʻoikaika paʻa.
Paʻakikī paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe: Ma muli o kona paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, paʻakikī loa ka hana ʻoki ʻana o Stellite alloy. ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana wili a i ʻole nā ʻano hana kūikawā, e hopena i nā kumukūʻai hana kiʻekiʻe no nā ʻāpana.
Ka liʻiliʻi waiwai: ʻO Cobalt kahi kumu waiwai koʻikoʻi. Ua kaupalena ʻia kāna mau mālama honua a hāʻawi like ʻole ʻia, e alakaʻi ana i ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o Stellite alloy. I kekahi ʻano, ua kaupalena kēia i kāna noi nui.
Ke kū'ē kū'ē kū'ē: ʻOiai ʻo kona kūʻē maikaʻi loa i ka ʻino wela, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe Stellite i loko o nā kaiapuni hoʻokahe wela kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā alloys nickel-based.
