Ke lohe 'oe i ke 'ano o ka sintering,' lele pololei ka hapa nui o nā puke a'o i ka ho'oka'awale 'ano pa'a me ka wai. Maikaʻi kēlā i ke kumumanaʻo, akā ma ka papahele o ka hale kūʻai, ʻike ʻia kēlā koho binary aneane naive. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoholo maoli, i alakaʻi ʻia e ka pauka alloy āu e paʻa ai i kēlā kakahiaka, ka ʻāpana geometry i hoʻolei ʻia e ka ʻenekinia ma luna o ka pā, a me ke kaomi mau ʻana mai ka hana ʻana e paʻi i nā pahu hopu me ka ʻole o ka puhi ʻana i ka waihona kālā. Ua ʻike au i ka nui o nā poʻe ʻōpio e hoʻoponopono i ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano 'pololei' mai ka pakuhi, aia wale nō ka haʻi ʻana o ka umu i kahi moʻolelo ʻokoʻa. E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ka hana maoli ke pani ʻia ka puka umu.
ʻO Sintering Mokuʻāina Paʻa: ʻO ka Lio Hana Hana a me kāna mau mea huna
ʻO kēia ka mea paʻamau, ka baseline. Ke hoʻohui nei ʻoe i nā pauka ma lalo o ka helu heheʻe o ka mea nui, e hilinaʻi ana i ka diffusion atomika. No ka nui o kā mākou mau ʻāpana ferrous ma QSY, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā ʻāpana hana maʻalahi mai ka hao a i ʻole nā pauka kila haʻahaʻa, eia mākou e hoʻomaka ai. Me he mea lā maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana—e piʻi i luna, paʻa, hoʻomaha. Akā ʻo ka diabolo i nā kikoʻī, ʻoi aku ka mana o ka lewa. E kiʻi i kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i loko o kāu umu ahi a i ʻole kahi hiccup i kāu hui hydrogen/nitrogen, a ʻaʻole ʻoe e nānā wale nei i ka ʻoki ʻana o ka ʻili. Ke hoʻololi nei ʻoe i nā kinetics diffusion ma nā ʻāpana ʻāʻī ma waena o nā ʻāpana, e alakaʻi ana i nā paʻa nāwaliwali a me kahi ʻāpana e hāʻule ma lalo o ka mīkini. Ua aʻo mākou i kēia ma ke ʻano paʻakikī i nā makahiki i hala aku nei ma kahi pūʻulu o nā pahu pahu; Ua ʻike maikaʻi ʻia ka nui o ka sintered ma ka hōʻike, akā ua kamaʻilio lākou a ua haki i ka wā o ka hobbing. ʻO ka mea hewa? ʻO kahi ea hoʻoheheʻe iki i hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni ʻokiʻoki ʻokiʻoki ma nā palena o ka palaoa, ʻike ʻole ʻia e nā loiloi maʻamau.
ʻO ka helu hoʻomehana kahi mea hoʻololi leo ʻē aʻe. He laumania na kaha puke. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, inā ʻoe e holo wikiwiki me kekahi mau ʻano paʻa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā koʻikoʻi kūloko e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻokoʻa a i ʻole warping. ʻAʻole ia e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mahana soak; e pili ana i kou hiki ʻana i laila. No nā ʻano paʻakikī mākou e mīkini ai ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, e like me kekahi o nā kino valve kila a mākou e mālama ai, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ka ramp multi-stage no ka mālama ʻana i ke kūpaʻa dimensional no nā hana CNC ma hope.
A mai poina kakou i ka pauda ponoi. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka 'maʻemaʻe' solid-state sintering get blurry me nā pauka i hoʻohui mua ʻia. ʻOiai me nā mea e like me ka nickel a i ʻole ke keleawe i loko o nā pauka kila, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā pae wai transient kūloko inā loaʻa kahi wela wela. No laila, ke manaʻo nei ʻoe i ka ʻāina paʻa, akā pono ʻoe e makaʻala e pili ana paha ʻoe i kahi mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia ʻāpana hina e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi meaʻai mai kahi kaʻina paʻa.
ʻO Liquid Phase Sintering: kahi e loaʻa ai nā mea hoihoi (a paʻa)
ʻO kēia kahi āu e hoʻolauna ikaika ai i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka laʻana maʻamau ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke keleawe i ka hao. He nani ka manaʻo: hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wai, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā kīʻaha paʻa, a ma o ka hana capillary a me ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana, loaʻa iā ʻoe ka densification wikiwiki. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma ka laina hana he kaua mau i ka umekaumaha a me ka manawa-slumping. Inā kiʻekiʻe loa ka hakina leo wai a haʻahaʻa paha ka viscosity, hiki i kāu ʻāpana i kaomi pono ʻia ke hāʻule a nalowale paha kona ʻano i loko o ka umu. Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei au i kahi papahana no kahi bearing kiʻekiʻe kahi a mākou e hoʻokau nei i ka ʻike keleawe. Loaʻa iā mākou ka mānoanoa, maikaʻi, akā ua puka mai ka ʻāpana me he kukui hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. Pono mākou e kelepona i hope, e ʻae i kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa mai ke kaomi ʻana, a hoʻohana i kahi ʻaoʻao sintering pololei loa e hoʻomalu i ka lōʻihi o ka pae wai.
ʻO ke kihi pulu ka mea a pau. Inā ʻaʻole hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ka wai i nā kīʻaha paʻa, pōpō ia i loko o nā pores ma mua o ka laha ʻana ma nā palena ʻai. Hoʻopau ʻoe me kahi kaʻawale, pores nui a me ka ikaika maikaʻi ʻole. ʻAʻole kēia he mea hoʻohālikelike ʻepekema waiwai; ua hoʻopili ʻia e nā oxides ili, nā haumia liʻiliʻi, a me ka lewa umu. No nā huila kūikawā a mākou e hana pū ai, e like me kekahi mau mea i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka nickel, ke koho ʻana i ke kōkua sintering kūpono he kiʻi ponoʻī. He mea liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka hahai ʻana i kahi puke a me nā mea hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, pinepine i ka hui pū ʻana me kā mākou mea hoʻolako pauda.
A laila aia ka microstructure. Me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ʻāpana wai, waiho pinepine ʻia ʻoe me kahi ʻano hui pū ʻia—nā hua paʻa i hoʻopuni ʻia e kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa. He mea maikaʻi kēia no ka pale ʻana a i ʻole nā mea magnetic kikoʻī, akā hoʻololi nui i ke ʻano o ka mīkini ʻāpana. I ko makou mahele CNC ma Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) loaʻa i kahi ʻāpana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, pono nā ʻāpana mīkini (wikiwiki, hānai, ʻano mea hana) i ka loiloi piha i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi ʻāpana sintered paʻa o ka mea kumu like. ʻAʻole like ka paʻakikī, a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka ʻaʻahu o ka mea hana inā ʻoe e mālama iā ia e like me kahi ʻāpana homogeneous.
ʻO ka Sintering i kōkua ʻia i ke kaomi: The Density Game Changer
I kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole loaʻa iā ʻoe ka sintering maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka nui no ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana a i ʻole me nā mea paʻakikī e like me nā metala refractory a i ʻole kekahi mau seramika. Ma laila ʻoe e lawe mai ai i nā pū nui: kaomi. ʻO ka Hot Pressing (HP) a me ka Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) i loko o kahi hui ʻokoʻa. ʻAʻole mākou e hoʻohana i kēia mau mea no nā ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe a me nā kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa—ua pāpā ʻia ke kumukūʻai o ka manawa pōʻai a me nā mea hana. Akā, no ka prototype hoʻokahi a i ʻole kekahi mea koʻikoʻi i loko o kahi huila kūikawā, e like me ke sila hoʻohui i ka cobalt-based no nā kaiapuni koʻikoʻi, ʻo HIP kahi mea ola.
He mea hoihoi loa ka Pa'i Isostatic Hot. Hoʻokomo ʻoe i ka ʻāpana ʻōmaʻomaʻo i loko o kahi pahu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e hoʻokuʻu iā ia, a laila e kau ʻia i ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi kinoea isostatic (argon, maʻamau). Hoʻopau ke kaomi i nā pores o loko mai nā ʻaoʻao āpau, e alakaʻi ana i kahi kokoke-theoretical density. ʻO ka hopu? He ʻano hana noʻeau ke kaʻina hana canning. ʻO kēlā me kēia leak, a komo ke kinoea i loko, e hōʻino ana i ka ʻāpana. A ʻike ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka dimensional akā ʻaʻole ia he mea liʻiliʻi e uku ai i ka mea hana mua. Ua hoʻohana mākou i ka HIP no ka hoʻomāhuahua ʻana i nā ʻāpana hoʻokele waiwai paʻakikī pū kekahi, e hoʻopōʻino ana i ka laina ma waena o nā ʻenehana hoʻolei kuʻuna a me nā ʻenehana metallurgy pauka.
ʻO ka palena kūpono, ma waho o ke kumukūʻai, he hapa nui. Ua wehewehe ʻia kou ao holoʻokoʻa e ke anawaena a me ke kiʻekiʻe o kāu moku HIP. No nā ʻāpana nui, ua hoʻi ʻoe i ka mokomoko me ka sintering maʻamau a me kāna mau ʻae. He mea hana ia, he mea ikaika loa, akā ʻaʻole ia he hoʻonā honua.
ʻO Spark Plasma Sintering a me nā mea hoʻopunipuni i kōkua ʻia e nā kahua
ʻO kēia ka mea mua, i hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia i nā labs R&D a i ʻole ka hana niche loa. Hoʻohana ʻo Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) a i ʻole Field-Assisted Sintering Technique (FAST) i ka pulsed pololei o kēia manawa a me ke kaomi uniaxial. ʻO ke kūʻai nui ʻo ka wikiwiki - ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomehana ʻana a me nā manawa noho pōkole, hiki ke kāohi i ka ulu ʻana o ka palaoa. He nani ia no nā nanomaterials a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i nā hale pauka kū hoʻokahi.
Akā mai kahi hiʻohiʻona hana, paʻakikī. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana ka mea nui. He paʻakikī ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano nui a paʻakikī me SPS a mākou e nānā nei mai nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka pilikia ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka pōʻai wikiwiki loa ke waiho i nā koena koʻikoʻi i kekahi manawa a i ʻole hana i nā gradients density inā ʻaʻole kūpono ka hoʻolālā make a me nā ala o kēia manawa. No kahi hui e like me QSY, me ka manaʻo nui i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea hoʻolei hilinaʻi a me nā mea mīkini, nānā pono mākou i kēia mau holomua. He kūpono paha lākou no kahi papahana e hiki mai ana e pili ana i ka pauka alloy novel, akā i kēia manawa, noho mau lākou i mea hana kūikawā. ʻO ka mea nui e lawe ʻia ʻo ka 'ʻano' o ka sintering ʻaʻole ia he koho; he kaohi i wehewehe ʻia e nā lako i loaʻa iā ʻoe a me ka nui o ka pūʻulu waiwai.
ʻO ka mea i nānā ʻole ʻia: Sintering ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ke kaulahao, ʻaʻole he Mokupuni
ʻO kēia paha ka helu koʻikoʻi loa mai 30 mau makahiki i kēia ʻoihana. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka hana sintering. Hoʻoholo ʻia kona kūleʻa a hāʻule paha e ka mea i hiki mai ma mua a ma hope. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka pauka (ka māhele nui, morphology, lubricant) i hoʻonohonoho i ke kahua. ʻO ke ʻano hoʻopaʻa ʻana (uniaxial, isostatic, metala injection molding) e wehewehe i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka hoʻolālā pore e pono ai ka sintering e hana me.
A ʻo ka mea nui, he aha ka mea e hiki mai ana? Inā hele pololei ka ʻāpana i ka lawelawe, pono e hāʻawi ka sintering i nā waiwai hope. Akā ma QSY, nui ka nui o kā mākou ʻāpana i hoʻopau ʻia i ka pauka i ka mīkini CNC koʻikoʻi. Hiki ke hūnā ʻia ka porosity o lalo o ka ʻaoʻao a i ʻole ka paʻakikī like ʻole o kahi ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi ʻole ʻia, kahi e haki ai ka hāmeʻa, hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻole o ka ʻili, a me nā ʻāpana i ʻoki ʻia i ka wā e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ai - e hoʻopau i ka waiwai i hoʻohui ʻia i kēlā wahi. Pono e hoʻomohala ʻia ka ʻaoʻao sintering me ka noʻonoʻo o ka mīkini. I kekahi manawa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa e like me ka mīkini, a laila e hoʻohana i kahi hana lua e like me ka anneal haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili e paʻi i nā specs hope loa.
ʻO ka hope, he ʻōnaehana ola ka umu. Hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka lining refractory i ka manawa, e pili ana i ka kūlike wela. Nā mea hoʻomehana makahiki. Holoi nā Thermocouple. 'A'ole 'ano' sintering 'ano 'ano 'ano ho'oma'ema'e; he hana ola ia e pono ai ka nana mau a me ka hooponopono. ʻO nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi loa aʻu i ʻike ai, manaʻo lākou i kā lākou mau umu—hoʻolohe lākou iā lākou, nānā i ke kala o nā ʻāpana e puka mai ana, a hoʻopili i kēlā me nā moʻolelo ʻikepili. ʻO kēia ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ʻepekema, ka ʻike ʻenehana, a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke kaulahao hana holoʻokoʻa e hoʻohuli ai i kahi kikoʻī sintering i kahi kaʻina hana pono i kēlā me kēia lā. He mea liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻano a ʻoi aʻe e pili ana i ka haku ʻana i nā mea hoʻololi i loko o ke ʻano āu e koi ai.
