Wb tham txog 310S stainless. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov qhab nia uas tau cuam tshuam ntau heev, feem ntau nrog me ntsis kev hwm tsis raug. Cov neeg hnov qhov kub thiab txias, oxidizing cua, thiab xav tias nws yog cov mos txwv khawv koob. Tsis yog. Nws yog ib qho zoo heev alloy, tsis txhob ua rau kuv yuam kev, tab sis nws qhov kev ua tau zoo tag nrho ntawm ib puag ncig thiab, qhov tseem ceeb, ntawm nws li cas. Kuv tau pom ntau yam haujlwm uas 310S tau teev tseg yuav luag los ntawm rote, ua rau tsis muaj kev cia siab lossis nyiaj txiag tshuab thaum lub 314 lossis txawm tias ib qho kev sib tw npib tsib xee yuav ua tau zoo dua. Cov ntsiab lus siab nickel thiab chromium (25/20 nominally) muab nws qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo, tab sis tib qhov sib xyaw ua rau nws ua rau tsiaj nyaum ua haujlwm nrog - tawv ntawm cov cuab yeej, nquag ua haujlwm tawv, thiab muaj kev sib tw tiag tiag rau vuam yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los yog sigma theem embrittlement yog tias koj tsis ua raws li kev kho cua sov thiab tom qab. Qhov no tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv kawm; nws yog yam koj kawm tom qab scrapping ob peb daim.
Alloy's Promise vs. Machining Reality
Qhov twg koj yeej xav tias qhov txawv nrog 310S stainless hlau yog nyob rau ntawm lub tshuab dhos los yog lub zeb. Piv rau 304 lossis 316, nws yog ib pab koomtes sib txawv. Lub zog kub kub txhais tau tias nws tsis soften ntau npaum li nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej txiav lub tshav kub, yog li koj nyob nraum sib ntaus nws tas li. Peb khiav ntau txoj haujlwm CNC ntawm no, thiab rau 310S, peb tam sim ntawd poob nrawm thiab txau. Koj tsis tuaj yeem txhom tau. Yog tias koj sim thawb nws zoo li cov hlau me me, koj yuav hlawv cov ntxig rau hauv feeb. Peb tau txiav txim siab ntawm cov qib carbide tshwj xeeb nrog cov ntse, zoo geometries thiab cov chipbreakers muaj zog. Coolant tsis yog sib tham - dej nyab, thiab ntau ntawm nws, tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom txias xwb tab sis pab tawg thiab khiav tawm cov stringy, tawv chips. Yog hais tias cov chips pib mus rau noog lub zes, koj tab tom thov kom rov txiav thiab ua kom puas ntsoog.
Kuv nco qab ib pawg ntawm kev cai rauv taws peb machined los ntawm 310S phaj. Cov ntawv luam tau hu rau qhov nruj-tolerance slots thiab ua kom tiav qhov zoo. Thawj qhov kev sim, peb siv cov ntsuas uas ua haujlwm rau 316L. Qhov tshwm sim? Sib tham, ua tiav tsis zoo, thiab ntxig tsis ua haujlwm ntawm thawj ntu. Peb yuav tsum thim rov qab, rov ua haujlwm nrog SFM qis dua, nce cov khoom noj me ntsis kom tau raws li cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm nyuaj, thiab siv cov cuab yeej tshiab, cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Nws ntxiv txog 40% rau lub sijhawm machining, uas tus neeg siv khoom tsis yog thawj zaug zoo siab txog, tab sis nws yog qhov lossis xa ib feem uas yuav ua tsis tiav hauv kev pabcuam. Piav tias tus nqi tsav tsheb yog ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm.
Lwm qhov subtlety yog cov khoom siv. Peb qhov chaw peb 310S stainless hlau bar thiab phaj los ntawm reputable mills, tab sis txawm li ntawd los, koj tau txais variations. Annealed mob yog ib qho yuav tsum tau rau machining. Peb ib zaug tau txais cov khoom xa tuaj uas yog ostensibly annealed tab sis machined zoo li nws yog ib nrab-nyuaj. Hardness checks yog ciam teb. Tig tawm lub zeb lub voj voog annealing tej zaum yuav raug tua, tawm hauv qee qhov kev ntxhov siab. Peb yuav tsum tau ua ib qho kev rov ua dua tshiab hauv tsev ua ntej pib, uas ncua tag nrho qhov project. Tam sim no, peb sim ib qho piv txwv los ntawm txhua pawg tshiab ntawm kev ua haujlwm me me ua ntej ua tiav cov khoom lag luam tag nrho rau CNC tshuab. Nws yog ib kauj ruam me me, siv sij hawm uas txuag tau qhov mob taub hau loj.
Casting Considerations: Nws tsis yog tsuas yog yaj thiab ncuav
Peb lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm nrog 310S feem ntau yog los ntawm kev nqis peev casting thiab plhaub molding rau complex, nyias-walled Cheebtsam xws li burner nozzles, radiant hlab, thiab kho cua sov fixtures. Cov txheej txheem casting rau cov hlau no yog qhov uas nws cov khoom kub-kub yog rab ntaj ob sab. Koj xav tau qhov kub thiab txias ntau dua piv rau qib qis stainless hlau-feem ntau thawb 1500 ° C lossis ntau dua. Qhov no xav tau superior refractories nyob rau hauv lub plhaub pwm system. Tus qauv zirconia-silica lub ntsej muag yuav tsis txiav nws; peb feem ntau hloov kho mus rau fused silica lossis ib qho tshwj xeeb alumina-silicate sib xyaw kom tiv thaiv cov hlau-pwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab qhov tsis xws luag.
Lub solidification yam ntxwv yog dag. Nws muaj qhov khov ntev ntev, uas yog qhov zoo rau cov dej ntws los ua cov duab sib txawv tab sis ua rau nws raug mob kub tearing thiab micro-porosity yog tias lub rooj vag thiab nce siab tsis tsim zoo kawg nkaus. Peb tau kawm qhov no txoj kev nyuaj ntawm kev txiav txim thaum ntxov rau ib txheej ntawm pyrolysis raj hangers. Tus tsim muaj qee qhov kev hloov pauv sai sai. Txawm hais tias peb xav tias muaj kev noj zaub mov txaus, peb tau txais cov kab nrib pleb zoo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw hloov pauv ntawm cov tuab-rau-nyias. Qhov kev txhim kho muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev tsim qauv tshiab kom sib koom ua ke ntawm kev hloov pauv zuj zus ntxiv thiab siv cov ris tsho exothermic kom cov ntu tseem ceeb molten ntev dua, txhawb kev taw qhia kom ruaj khov. Nws ntxiv tus nqi qauv, tab sis nws yog tib txoj hauv kev kom tau txais suab nrov.
Kev kho cua sov tom qab casting yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. As-cam khwb cia 310S yuav muaj cov qauv cored nrog kev sib cais thiab tej zaum yuav muaj qee qhov theem nrab xws li sigma yog tias nws txias dhau qeeb hauv qee ntu. Ib qho kev daws teeb meem annealing-feem ntau cua sov mus rau ° C ua raws li ceev ceev quenching (dej los yog huab cua ceev)-yog qhov tseem ceeb rau re-solve cov carbides thiab intermetallics thiab restore ib tug tag nrho austenitic, homogeneous qauv. Hla cov kauj ruam no, thiab qhov kub-kub corrosion kuj thiab ductility raug cuam tshuam. Peb tau muaj cov neeg siv khoom nug seb lawv puas tuaj yeem hla lub anneal kom txuag tau tus nqi ntawm cov duab yooj yim. Cov lus teb yog ib txwm ruaj tsis muaj. Cov ntaub ntawv vaj tse nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv spec suav tias yog cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev xim zoo.
Lub Vuam Trap: Qhov Chaw Ua Haujlwm Zoo Ua Tsis Zoo
Yog tias muaj ib cheeb tsam uas ua rau feem ntau qhov kev ua tsis tiav nrog 310S, nws yog vuam. Nws yog kev dag ntxias yooj yim kom tau txais lub suab zoo nkauj uas yog metallurgically tsis muaj zog. Qhov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb yog carbide nag lossis daus hauv thaj chaw kub ntxhov (HAZ)-sensitization. Thaum 310S tiv taus ntau dua 304 vim nws cov chromium siab dua, nws tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav pom ntev ntev ntawm 800-1000 ° F ntau hauv kev pabcuam. Lub weld hlau nws tus kheej kuj yuav tsum tau overmatched. Peb yuav luag ib txwm siv 310 lossis 310H muab tub lim hlau, tab sis txawm li ntawd los, koj yuav tsum saib tus lej ferrite. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb xoom, txhais tau hais tias cov weld yog tag nrho austenitic thiab nws tuaj yeem kub tawg yog tias muaj kev txwv siab.
Ib rooj plaub nyob rau hauv taw tes: peb muab ib tug series ntawm 310S manifolds rau lub tuam txhab thermal oxidizer. Lawv tau zoo nkauj peev castings, machined rau spec. Cov neeg siv khoom lub khw welded lawv mus rau hauv ib lub rooj sib txoos loj. Rau lub hlis tom qab, peb tau txais kev hu: cov kab nrib pleb tau tawg los ntawm cov ntiv taw vuam. Kev tshawb nrhiav tau taw qhia txog kev sib xyaw ua ke: lawv tau siv 309 muab tub lim (ntau tab sis tsis zoo rau qhov ntsuas kub tag nrho), qhov sib cuam tshuam qhov kub siab dhau, thiab kev sib dhos tau nruj heev. Cov hlau vuam, nrog nws qhov sib txawv thermal expansion coefficient thiab tsis tshua muaj ductility nyob rau hauv lub xeev-welded, tsis tuaj yeem tuav cov thermal stresses thaum lub sij hawm ua haujlwm cyclic. Cov kev daws teeb meem yog ib qho txheej txheem rov ua dua nrog kev tswj xyuas nruj ntawm pre-heat (tsis siab dhau, txaus los tiv thaiv cov dej noo), tsis tshua muaj cua sov input stringer hlaws dai, thiab ib qho kev daws teeb meem kawg ntawm tag nrho cov rooj sib txoos - uas yog lub cub tawg loj heev. Nws yog ib zaj lus qhia kim heev rau lawv txog vim li cas cov txheej txheem weld specifications (WPS) muaj nyob rau vim li cas.
Rau peb tus kheej fabrications, peb tam sim no hais kom tsim nyog WPS rau ib qho twg 310S stainless hlau weld dhau ib lub thickness. Nws suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv txhua yam: muab tub lim hlau ntau, tiv thaiv roj (peb ntxiv me ntsis ntawm helium qee zaum kom nkag tau zoo dua ntawm cov ntu tuab), amperage, voltage, mus ncig ceev, thiab tom qab vuam cov kev kho cua sov. Nws yog cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis nws yog tib txoj kev los xyuas kom meej rov ua dua thiab tiv thaiv cov lus thov tom qab.
Kev xa khoom thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Traceability
Tsis yog tag nrho 310S yog tsim sib npaug. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pob zeb saum toj kawg nkaus thiab tus neeg muag khoom luv nqi feem ntau tsis nyob hauv chemistry ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj - lawv txhua tus yuav ua tau raws li ASTM A276 lossis A479 - tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov sib xws, kev huv huv, thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev kho cua sov. Rau cov ntawv thov kub kub tseem ceeb, kev hloov me me hauv silicon lossis cerium cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov nplai adhesion. Cov kab mob impurities tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm nrawm. Peb tau tsim kev sib raug zoo nrog ob peb lub mills ntseeg tau ntau xyoo, thiab peb them tus nqi them rau qhov ntawd. Nws tsim nyog.
Qhov no yog qhov uas tus khub tswj hwm tus txheej txheem tag nrho. Ntawm peb lub khw, Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), tuav cov hlau zoo li no yog ib feem ntawm peb DNA tom qab peb xyoo lawm. Peb tsis yog tsuas yog txiav los yog casting rau luam ntawv; peb tab tom tswj tag nrho cov khoom siv lifecycle los ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj zeb mus rau qhov tiav. Rau ib 310S stainless hlau tivthaiv, uas tej zaum yuav txhais tau hais tias peb yuav tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj bar Tshuag, ua lub CNC machining nyob rau hauv kev tswj tsis tau, ces outsource cov tshuaj annealing rau lub cub tawg khw peb tau soj ntsuam (los yog siv peb tus kheej rau me me qhov chaw), thiab thaum kawg ua NDT zoo li dye penetrant kuaj rau txhua qhov chaw tseem ceeb. Qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntsug-lossis tsawg kawg, nruj tswj hwm kev sib koom ua ke kab rov tav-yog dab tsi tiv thaiv hom kev ua tsis tiav uas kuv tau piav qhia dhau los. Koj tsis tuaj yeem yuav khoom thiab muab pov rau ntawm lub khw muag khoom xwb. Koj xav tau ib tus neeg muag khoom uas nkag siab txog metallurgy tom qab cov lus qhia machining.
Kuv nco qab tus neeg siv khoom uas xav tau hloov lub raj xa hluav taws xob rau lub qhov cub carburizing. Lawv tau yuav los ntawm ib tus kws tsim khoom lag luam. Cov hlab ntsha tau ua tsis tiav ntxov, sagging thiab tawg. Peb soj ntsuam ib qho ua tsis tiav. Cov chemistry tau tawm (tsis tshua muaj npib tsib xee), lub microstructure pom cov carbide loj heev, thiab OD tau ua kua muag. Nws yog ib feem pheej yig uas raug nqi rau lawv cov hmoov zoo nyob rau hauv downtime. Peb ua rau lawv ib qho tshiab los ntawm cov khoom siv tau zoo thiab ua tiav 310S, nrog rau kev ua siab ntev dua ntawm qhov ncaj thiab phab ntsa tuab. Qhov kawg kuv hnov, cov teeb ntawd tau outlasted yav dhau los sawv daws yuav los ntawm ib qho ntawm peb. Tus nqi ua ntej tau siab dua, tab sis tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov tswv cuab tau qis dua. Qhov ntawd yog qhov kev suav tiag nrog cov khoom zoo li no.
Xaus Tsis Muaj Kev Txiav Txim: Nws yog ib qho cuab yeej, Tsis yog Talisman
Yog li, qhov ntawd yog lub hlwb pob tseg ntawm 310S. Qhov tseem ceeb takeaway tsis yog cov npe ntawm cov khoom - koj tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm phau ntawv qhia. Nws yog hais tias specifications thiab manufacturing nrog 310S stainless hlau yuav tsum muaj kev hwm rau nws qhov tshwj xeeb. Nws tsis yog ib qho kev hloov pauv rau lwm cov hlau austenitic. Nws tus nqi yog xauv nkaus xwb nrog meej, tswj kev ua haujlwm. Yog tias koj tab tom tsim ib yam dab tsi uas yuav pom kev ua haujlwm tas li siab dua 1000 ° C hauv qhov chaw oxidizing, thiab koj tuaj yeem tswj cov kev sib tw fabrication, nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo heev. Tab sis yog tias koj qhov kub thiab txias los yog huab cua tau txo cov sulfides, tej zaum koj yuav nyob hauv 330 lossis ib qho alloy 600 thaj chaw. Thiab yog tias koj tsis muaj lub khw muag khoom lossis cov chaw tsim khoom uas paub txog yuav ua li cas, koj nyob nraum twv txiaj.
Kev sib tham peb muaj nrog engineers ntawm qhov chaw zoo li QSY tsawg dua hais txog nqe lus thiab ntau ntxiv txog kev tshuaj xyuas daim ntawv thov. Qhov max kub yog dab tsi? Puas yog cyclic? Cov huab cua yog dab tsi? Qhov kev cia siab lifespan yog dab tsi? Tom qab ntawd peb tham txog txheej txheem: casting lossis machining los ntawm wrought? Kev kho cua sov dab tsi? Qhov kev sim twg? Qhov rov qab-thiab-tshaj tawm, uas sib koom daws teeb meem, yog dab tsi hloov qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev kos duab rau hauv ib feem uas ua haujlwm thiab kav ntev. Cov khoom siv yog qhov pib xwb. Cov khawv koob tiag tiag, yog tias koj tuaj yeem hu nws tias, yog nyob rau hauv txhua kauj ruam tom qab.
Tej zaum qhov kawg xav. Nrog ib yam dab tsi zoo li 310S, koj tsis tshua yuav cov hlau. Koj tab tom yuav cov kws tshaj lij los hloov nws kom raug. Kev ntseeg siab tias thaum nws tau teeb tsa hauv qee lub qhov cub lossis lub tshuab hluav taws xob, koj yuav tsis tau txais kev ceeb toom thaum nruab nrab hmo ntuj. Qhov kev thaj yeeb ntawm lub siab yog los ntawm cov gritty, uas tsis yog-glamorous cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nqi pub, annealing charts, weld cav, thiab hardness tests. Nws tsis tau ntxim hlub, tab sis nws yog qhov ua rau qhov sib txawv ntawm ib feem uas tsuas yog ua thiab ib qho uas tau tsim kho kom raug.
