Thaum koj hnov 'cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau casting', feem ntau cov phau ntawv dhia ncaj nraim mus rau cov duab kos: qauv, pwm, ncuav, txias, tiav. Qhov ntawd tsis yog qhov yuam kev, tab sis nws zoo li piav qhia txog kev tsav tsheb los ntawm kev teev cov khoom ntawm lub tsheb. Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus tiag tiag nyob hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kauj ruam no - qhov kub hnyiab ntawm lub ladle, lub suab ntawm cov hlau ntim cov pwm, txoj kev lub plhaub pwm xav tau thaum nws zoo. Kuv tau pom ntau tus engineers tshiab tawm ntawm tsev kawm fixate ntawm CAD qauv, tsis nco qab tias cov hlau muaj nws tus kheej lub siab nyiam. Qhov ntawd yog thawj, thiab tej zaum loj tshaj, misconception: casting tsis yog kev tsim khoom xwb; nws yog kev sib tham nrog physics.
Tub Ntxhais Dance: Qauv, Pwm, thiab Hlau
Cia peb pib nrog tus qauv. Nws yog qhov pib, tab sis nws tsim yog qhov uas koj yeej lossis poob haujlwm. Cov kaum sab xis tsis yog tus lej hauv phau ntawv xwb; ib nrab-degree tuaj yeem txhais tau tias qhov sib txawv ntawm cov sawb huv thiab cov pwm puas lawm. Peb kawm qhov no txoj kev nyuaj ntawm txoj haujlwm thaum ntxov rau lub tsev twj tso kua mis, siv cov qauv resin. Cov qauv tsim tau zoo meej rau ntawm qhov screen, tab sis peb tsis suav nrog cov resin thermal expansion nyob rau hauv qhov kub siab ntawm lub plhaub molding txheej txheem. Qhov tshwm sim? Pwm zoo nkauj nrog qhov txaus ntshai qhov tseeb. Qhov seem yog seem. Qhov kev ua tsis tiav ntawd tau qhia kuv ntxiv txog qhov qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau casting tshaj li txhua phau ntawv kawm: txhua yam khoom siv hauv cov saw hlau, los ntawm cov qauv mus rau qhov kawg hlau, nthuav dav thiab sib cog lus. Koj yuav tsum paub lawv txhua tus.
Uas coj kuv mus pwm. Ntawm peb lub khw, QINGDAO QIANGSENYUAN TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD., peb lean hnyav rau lub plhaub thiab peev casting. Qhov kev xaiv tsis yog arbitrary. Rau high-ntim, kuj yooj yim geometry nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv xws li nrum hlau los yog carbon steel, plhaub molding yog incredibly npaum. Cov silica xuab zeb coated nrog phenolic resin muab koj lub pwm nrog zoo heev nto tiav thiab dlej permeability. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb ua kom yuam kev yog nyob rau hauv kev kho. Cov pwm tsuas yog xav tau lub sijhawm zoo hauv qhov cub. Tsawg dhau, thiab nws tsis muaj zog, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev khiav tawm thaum lub ncuav. Ntau dhau lawm, thiab nws dhau los ua nkig, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv cov casting. Koj kawm txiav txim siab nws los ntawm cov xim thiab qhov tsw - ib qho tshwj xeeb, me ntsis ntxhiab tsw ntawm kho cov resin. Nws tsis nyob hauv ib phau ntawv.
Kev nqis peev casting, los yog poob-wax, yog lwm yam tsiaj nyaum. Nws yog rau cov khoom complex - turbine hniav, intricate valve lub cev. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no yog kev tswj hwm, kev tswj xyuas meej, tshaj txhua txheej ntawm lub plhaub ceramic. Ib lub npuas me me los yog qhov chaw tsis muaj zog hauv lub tsho thib peb yuav tshwm sim raws li lub fins lossis lub hlwv ntawm qhov kawg stainless hlau. Peb siv nws ntau rau peb txoj haujlwm nrog cov alloys tshwj xeeb, zoo li cov nickel-based. Lub thermal poob siab tsis kam ntawm lub plhaub ceramic yuav tsum zoo kawg nkaus haum qhov kub ntawm cov superalloys. Tau txais nws tsis ncaj ncees lawm, thiab lub plhaub tawg, hlau xau, thiab koj muaj qhov pheej yig heev, txaus ntshai mess. Nws yog cov txheej txheem siab uas cov hauv paus ntsiab lus yog hais txog kev ua siab ntev thiab ua tib zoo rov ua dua.
Lub Pour: Qhov Kev Xav Tau Raws Li Hauv Pem Teb
Lub sijhawm no yog qhov tseeb. Txhua qhov kev npaj ua tiav ntawm no. Cov qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau casting Thaum lub sij hawm lub ncuav yog hais txog thermodynamics thiab dej dynamics, tab sis koj nyob nraum tsis daws qhov sib npaug; koj tab tom txiav txim cais thib ob. Cov hlau kub yog qhov tseem ceeb. Rau ductile hlau, peb tsom rau txog ° C. Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog tus lej tas. Yog tias cov pwm txias thiab ntub rau hnub ntub, koj tuaj yeem kub kub kom tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob khov ntxov hauv cov ntu nyias. Koj saib cov hlau ntws los ntawm lub ladle - nws yuav tsum yog ib qho chaw ruaj khov, ci ntsa iab, tsis yog splatter. Lub turbulent ncuav qhia huab cua thiab oxides, ua rau muaj teeb meem.
Risers thiab rooj vag systems yog cov tsis muaj tus phab ej. Lawv tsis yog channel rau hlau xwb; lawv yog lub siab thiab pub noj. Kuv nco qab ib txoj hauj lwm rau cov iav tuab-sectioned dawb paug nyob rau hauv steel. Peb muab tso rau riser raws li tus qauv xam. Lub casting solidified, thiab nws saib zoo meej. Mus txog thaum machining. Cov kab noj hniav loj heev tau muab zais rau hauv lub vev xaib. Lub riser tau khov ua ntej ntu tuab, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem pub nws. Qhov tseem ceeb peb nco? Solidification qauv tsis yog hais txog ntim xwb; nws yog hais txog kev coj thiab lub sijhawm. Tam sim no peb siv simulation software ua ib qho kev qhia, tab sis peb tseem hla kev kuaj nrog cov kev cai qub ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo - zoo li ua kom lub riser lub thermal huab hwm coj ntau dua li qhov nws pub.
Khoom yog txhua yam (Thiab tsis muaj dab tsi)
Cov neeg feem ntau xav tias xaiv cov khoom siv yog thawj kauj ruam. Qee lub sij hawm nws yog, tab sis feem ntau, tus tsim dictates nws, thiab koj yuav tsum ua kom nws ua haujlwm. Peb ua txhua yam los ntawm qhov sib xws nrum hlau mus rau kab txawv cobalt-based alloys. Qhov tseem ceeb nrog cov ntaub ntawv yog nkag siab lawv tus kheej. Grey hlau nchuav zoo nkauj, zam txim rau lub tshuab, tab sis ntxub kev cuam tshuam. Ductile hlau, nrog nws cov nodular graphite, yog tawv tab sis ntau dua rau cov teeb meem shrinkage yog tias tsis kho kom raug nyob rau hauv lub ladle.
Stainless hlau, zoo li 304 lossis 316, yog ib qho kev sib tw vim tias lawv cov ntsiab lus melting siab thiab nyiam tsim cov theem nyuaj, nkig yog tias qhov ntsuas cua txias tsis tswj. Thiab cov alloys tshwj xeeb? Qhov ntawd yog kev ua haujlwm sab saum toj. Muab cov npib tsib xee-raws li alloy rau kev siv kub-kub txhais tau tias tswj txhua yam ntawm lub qhov cub cua (kom tiv thaiv oxidation ntawm cov khoom kim heev xws li chromium) los tsim cov rooj vag kom txo qis kev kub ntxhov uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov pwm pwm thiab paug cov yaj. Lub hauv paus ntawm no yog kev hwm. Koj tsis yog nchuav cov no xwb; koj orchestrate lawv tag nrho thermal keeb kwm.
Tshaj qhov Casting: Lub Machining Handshake
Ib qho casting tsis tshua muaj qhov tiav. Qhov no yog qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm qhov chaw zoo li QSY qhia nws tus nqi. Muaj CNC machining hauv tsev tsis yog ib qho yooj yim xwb; nws yog ib qho kev tawm tswv yim zoo. Cov machinists qhia peb raws nraim qhov twg cov casting yog ib qho nyuaj los yog mos, qhov twg yog npaj txhij txog porosity, los yog yog hais tias peb seem tolerances yog tuav. Peb tsim ib lub bracket ib zaug uas peb tau tso qhov peb xav tias yog cov khoom siv loj loj. Pab neeg CNC rov qab los thiab hais tias qhov kev ua haujlwm tau raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev txiav quab yuam hauv ib qho flange tshwj xeeb. Qhov teeb meem? Residual stress los ntawm qhov tsis sib xws. Peb kho cov txheej txheem cua txias hauv cheeb tsam shakeout, daws teeb meem. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: casting tsis xaus ntawm shakeout. Thawj qhov kev txiav ntawm cov cuab yeej machining yog qhov kev xeem zoo tshaj plaws.
Qhov kev sib koom ua ke no qhia seb peb tsim cov qauv thiab pwm li cas. Peb paub tias peb tus kheej cov cav tov tuaj yeem ua tau thiab ua tsis tau, yog li peb tsim castings nrog machinability ci los ntawm qhov pib. Peb tuaj yeem ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv me me rau ntawm qhov chaw tsis tseem ceeb tsuas yog muab rau CNC ib qho kev ntseeg siab xoom. Qhov ntawd yog qhov siv tau yooj yim uas koj tsuas yog kawm los ntawm kev ua ob sab ntawm txoj haujlwm.
Failures yog cov ntawv nyeem tiag
Cia kuv xaus nrog ib zaj dab neeg uas encapsulates ntxhov, tsis-linear kev muaj tiag ntawm lub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau casting. Peb tau txais kev txiav txim rau cov txheej txheem ntawm corrosion-resistant impellers hauv duplex stainless hlau. Lub geometry yog complex, nyias vanes, yog li peb mus nrog peev casting. Thawj ob peb tawm tuaj nrog qhov zoo li lub kua muag me me ntawm qhov chaw vane. Tsis tawg, tab sis nto irregularities. Peb tau txheeb xyuas txhua yam: cov tshuaj siv quav ciab, cov khoom siv roj hmab slurry viscosity, dewaxing autoclave voj voog. Txhua yam tau nyob hauv spec.
Qhov kev tawg tuaj thaum ib tus neeg tsim khoom qub, uas tau nyob ntsiag to saib, taw tes rau ntawm qhov dewaxing chav autoclave. Koj tab tom boil lub ciab tawm sai heev, nws hais. Cov ncu yog ntaus lub plhaub txias, condensing, thiab cov dej tau nkag mus rau hauv qis qis ntawm pwm ua ntej nws tuaj yeem ntws. Thaum koj nchuav cov hlau molten, cov dej ntawd flashes mus rau chav tam sim ntawd thiab tshuab ib lub qhov me me ntawm lub ntsej muag ceramic, uas cov hlau yuav puv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov theem thiab condensation, tsis yog hais txog casting ib se. Peb maj mam ua kom lub chav ramp-up, tso cai rau cov kua dej zoo dua, thiab qhov tsis xws luag ploj mus. Lub hauv paus tiag tiag tsis nyob hauv cov hlau; nws nyob hauv dej. Thiab koj yuav tsis pom qhov ntawd tshwj tsis yog tias koj tau sawv hauv pem teb, stumped, saib kab ntawm qhov zoo nkauj, tsis zoo. Qhov ntawd yog lub plawv ntawm nws tag nrho.
