Thaum tib neeg hnov 'hauv cov hmoov metallurgy', lawv feem ntau pom cov txheej txheem zoo, niaj hnub - xovxwm hmoov, sinter, ua tiav. Qhov tseeb ntawm lub khw hauv pem teb yog messier, tag nrho ntawm kev cuam tshuam thiab 'nws nyob ntawm' lub sijhawm uas cov ntaub ntawv tsis npog.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm Spec thiab Kev muaj tiag
Siv qhov ntom ntom, piv txwv. Txhua tus chases qhov theoretical 100% ntom ntu. Tab sis nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, ua kom tau raws li qhov sib xws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv complex geometries, yog ib qho kev sib ntaus sib tua tas li. Koj tuaj yeem muaj qhov tshwj xeeb hu rau 7.2 g / cm3, thiab koj ntaus nws qhov nruab nrab. Txawm li cas los xij, hla ntu ntu, thiab koj yuav pom cov gradients-thinner seem sintering txawv dua li cov hubs loj. Qhov no tsis yog qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv hmoov metallurgy per se, tab sis tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb. Cov cuab yeej tsim, sau, xovxwm stroke-lawv txhua tus tawm lawv cov ntiv tes. Kuv tau pom cov khoom dhau QA ntawm qhov ntev thiab qhov nruab nrab ntom ntom, tsuas yog ua tsis tiav hauv kev sim qaug zog vim yog qhov hloov maj mam trough ntawm lub vojvoog. Qhov ntawd yog qhov chaw ua haujlwm tiag tiag pib.
Qhov no txuas mus rau ib qho kev xav tsis zoo ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Lawv xa ib daim duab rau ib lub tshuab thiab nug, Koj puas tuaj yeem ua qhov no ntawm PM kom txuag nqi? Qee zaum, yog. Tab sis feem ntau, tus qauv tsim muaj cov kaum ntse ntse, cov phab ntsa tsis sib xws, lossis cov yam ntxwv uas yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm thib ob. Tus nqi tiag hauv hmoov metallurgy yog tsim los rau cov txheej txheem los ntawm qhov pib-sib txuas nrog cov ntawv sau, optimizing phab ntsa hloov, thiab qhia txog kev tolerances uas cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem tuav tau tiag tiag yam tsis tau tig mus rau hauv qhov project machining. Nws yog ib kauj ruam kev sab laj uas feem ntau hla hauv kev maj nrawm rau kev tsocai.
Cov khoom xaiv yog lwm qhov chaw ripe nrog nuance. Cov qauv hlau-tooj liab-carbon sib xyaw yog cov neeg ua haujlwm, tab sis thaum koj xav tau kev tiv thaiv corrosion lossis kev ua haujlwm siab, koj nkag mus rau hauv cov hlau ua ntej lossis stainless. Nov yog qhov nthuav dav: nrog 316L stainless hmoov, qhov chaw sintering ua qhov tseem ceeb. Ib qho me me hauv lub cub tawg, me ntsis ntawm cov pa oxygen seem, thiab koj tsis yog tsuas yog tau txais cov xim tsis zoo - koj tau txais chromium oxide tsim uas saps lub corrosion kuj tawm ntawm lub hauv paus. Nws zoo nkaus li zoo tawm ntawm lub qhov cub, tab sis nws yuav xeb. Koj kawm tso siab rau dew point analyzers ntau dua koj ob lub qhov muag.
Qhov twg PM ntsib lub Broader Manufacturing Chain
Qhov no yog qhov uas cov kws tshaj lij ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom ua haujlwm puv ntoob dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Ib feem tsis tau yug los hauv qhov cub sintering thiab hu ua tiav. Siv ib lub sprocket los yog iav ua hauv hmoov metallurgy. Nws yuav xav tau ib tug tho honed rau ib tug meej tiav, ib tug keyway broached, los yog cov hniav hauv av. Yog hais tias lub sintering tsis tswj kom txo qis distortion, cov kev khiav hauj lwm theem ob yuav kim, noj cov nqi pib txuag. Kuv tau ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg koom tes uas tau txais qhov kev koom ua ke no. Piv txwv li, Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), nrog rau lawv lub xyoo caum hauv casting thiab machining, to taub qhov kev hloov ntawm cov txheej txheem intuitively. Thaum lawv lub hauv paus yog nyob rau hauv plhaub pwm thiab peev casting, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tswj cov khoom coj tus cwj pwm thiab precision Secondary machining yog ncaj qha mus. Mus ntsib ib qho chaw zoo li lawv, koj pom cov tshuab CNC npaj kom tiav qhov ze-net-puab qhov chaw, txawm tias lawv tuaj ntawm pwm pwm lossis PM compact. Qhov kev muaj peev xwm downstream dictates yuav ua li cas koj khiav cov txheej txheem PM.
Hais txog qhov thib ob ops, kev kho cua sov tom qab sintering yog lub ntiaj teb ntawm nws tus kheej. Case hardening PM ib feem tsis zoo li hardening wrought steel bar. Lub porosity ua raws li lub network ntawm me me kev ntxhov siab concentrators. Yog tias koj tsis ceev faj nrog cov huab cua carburizing thiab quench npaum li cas, koj tuaj yeem txhawb cov qoob loo oxidation raws cov pore qhov chaw, ua rau qhov nkig. Peb kawm qhov no txoj kev nyuaj ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov khoom sib kis. Lawv dhau qhov kev kuaj xyuas hardness tab sis pib tawg hauv qab torque. Qhov kev soj ntsuam tsis ua hauj lwm taw qhia rau qhov no intergranular oxidation. Qhov kho? Hloov kho thermal voj voog nrog kev tswj huab cua nruj dua thaum lub sij hawm txhawb nqa-diffuse. Nws ntxiv cov nqi thiab sijhawm, tab sis nws yog qhov ntawd lossis khawb tag nrho daim ntawv thov.
Qee zaum, kev daws tsis yog txheej txheem ntau dua, tab sis hloov khoom siv. Peb muaj ib qhov project rau cov khoom siv coj los hnav hauv lub tshuab ua zaub mov. Tus txheej txheem hardened PM steel tsis tuav. Peb saib ntawm infiltrating nrog tooj liab, tab sis cov khoom nyuaj. Tom qab ntawd peb pivoted rau kev siv cov hmoov sib tov uas tuaj yeem ua kom haum cov roj nplua nyeem, zoo li cov tswj hwm ntawm graphite, sintered rau hauv matrix. Nws tsim ib tus kheej-lubricating yam ntxwv uas ua rau kom muaj kev pab cuam lub neej. Nws tsis yog phau ntawv kawm xaiv thawj zaug, tab sis nws los ntawm kev nkag siab tias qhov ua haujlwm - txo kev sib txhuam thiab lub plab - yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj li kev caum lub zog tensile kawg.
Cov cuab yeej sib tsoo thiab Prototype Hurdles
Tsis muaj dab tsi coj txoj kev xav mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb zoo li kev siv cuab yeej. Tsim thiab machining cov txheej txheem tuag yog qhov twg lub tswv yim tau txais tiag. Clearances yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv kaum-phav ntawm ib nti. Ib me ntsis mismatch nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais qws kev sib raug zoo, thiab koj tau hnav ntawm ib sab, ua rau ib feem ejection teeb meem thiab ceev lub cuab tam tsis ua hauj lwm. Tus nqi thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm rau cov cuab yeej yog qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws rau kev tsim qauv hauv PM. Nws tsis zoo li machining qhov twg koj tsuas yog reprogram txoj kev. Qhov no yuam ib tug heev qhuab ntuas tsim khov. Kuv nco qab tus qauv ua haujlwm rau lub tsev nyob qhov chaw uas tus neeg siv tau khaws tweaking qhov chaw mounting qhov chaw. Tom qab qhov kev hloov kho thib peb, tus nqi tau tshaj tawm tag nrho cov nyiaj tau los ntawm thawj lub xyoo. Peb yuav tsum thawb rov qab thiab ua tiav cov qauv tsim, piav qhia tias qhov nrawm hauv PM tuaj tom qab cov cuab yeej raug pov thawj, tsis yog thaum nws tsim.
Qhov teeb meem siab rau kev nkag mus rau prototypes yog vim li cas ntau tus saib rau cov tuam txhab uas muaj peev xwm sib npaug. Yog hais tias ib qho kev tivthaiv tsis muaj tseeb, nws yuav ntse dua los ua qauv nws ntawm cov txheej txheem hloov tau yooj yim dua li kev nqis peev casting lossis txawm tias CNC machining los ntawm bar Tshuag kom siv tau daim ntawv, haum, thiab ua haujlwm. Thaum tus tsim raug kaw, ces koj nqis peev rau PM tooling rau ntim ntau lawm. Ib lub tuam txhab zoo li QSY, ua haujlwm hla ntau yam txheej txheem (https://www.tsingtaocnc.com), yog positioned los qhia rau lub caij no. Lawv tuaj yeem ua tus qauv los ntawm lawv cov khw muag khoom lossis CNC, tom qab ntawd hloov cov qauv tsim los rau PM rau kev tsim khoom, tag nrho thaum tuav cov khoom sib xws hauv cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab qhov loj me los ntawm lawv cov machining hauv tsev.
Tooling hnav tsis yog ib qho kev tshwm sim linear; nws yog ib tug gradual degradation uas subtly hloov ib feem. Tej zaum koj yuav pib tsim cov khoom nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub siab ntev band, thiab tshaj 100,000 nias, lawv ntws mus rau hauv qab. Cov txheej txheem zoo suav nrog cov sijhawm teem sijhawm thiab kev saib xyuas cov cuab yeej, tab sis koj kuj kawm cov cim - nce me ntsis ntawm kev tawm dag zog, me me burr ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb. Catch nws ces txuag ib lub roob ntawm sorting thiab seem tom qab.
Atmosphere thiab Sintering: Invisible Tes
Lub sintering rauv yog lub plawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thiab cov cua yog nws cov ntshav. Kev khiav 90/10 nitrogen-hydrogen mix yog tus qauv, tab sis qhov purity tseem ceeb. Ib tug spike nyob rau hauv oxygen los yog noo noo cov ntsiab lus, thiab koj nyob nraum sintering ib tug nkoj ntawm seem. Peb tau teeb tsa lub sijhawm saib xyuas huab cua hauv lub sijhawm tom qab poob ib hnub tag nrho cov khoom tsim tawm rau lub raj mis tsis huv. Cov ntaub ntawv tau qhib qhov muag - koj tuaj yeem pom cov dej lwg nkag mus rau feeb ua ntej qhov pom qhov tsis xws luag tshwm sim. Tam sim no nws yog ib feem tsis sib tham ntawm qhov teeb tsa.
Sintering kub thiab lub sij hawm yog ib tug seev cev. Cov phau ntawv qhia muab rau koj ntau yam, hais 1120 ° C rau 30 feeb rau qee yam hlau. Tab sis koj lub qhov cub kub kub, koj qhov chaw thauj khoom ceev ntawm txoj siv, txawm tias qhov av noo nyob ib puag ncig cuam tshuam rau qhov chaw ntsuab thaum lawv nkag mus - lawv txhua tus hloov qhov zoo tagnrho. Koj tsim ib daim ntawv qhia rau txhua feem tsev neeg, tab sis koj ib txwm tweaking nws. Txoj siv ceev yog qhov ceev heev? Puas yog cov khoom hauv nruab nrab ntawm txoj siv sia mus txog qhov kub? Koj kawm nyeem cov xim sintered thiab lub nplhaib ntawm ib feem tapped ntawm lub rooj ntau npaum li koj nyeem cov pyrometer.
Qhov ntsuas cua txias yog qhov tsis sib tham. Kev ua kom txias ceev tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom tawm ntawm lub qhov rooj sai dua, tab sis rau qee cov alloys, nws tuaj yeem kaw qhov kev ntxhov siab lossis tiv thaiv tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem metallurgical. Qee lub sij hawm koj xav tau kev tswj kom txias, uas ua rau lub qhov cub tawg. Nws yog ib qho classic ntau lawm vs. kev lag luam zoo uas tau txais kev daws tsis yog los ntawm phau ntawv qhia, tab sis los ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm. Yog tias qhov chaw rov qab los nrog micro-cracks, thawj qhov chaw saib yog qhov chaw txias.
Xav Tshaj Li Xov Xwm
Thaum kawg, kev vam meej hauv hmoov metallurgy yog hais txog pom ib feem raws li ib tug system nyob rau hauv ib tug system. Nws tsis yog ib qho kev sib cais. Yuav ua li cas sib txuas nrog ib tug ncej? Puas yog nws nias-haum, thiab yog tias muaj, qhov porosity cuam tshuam li cas rau kev cuam tshuam haum xam? Peb muaj ib rooj plaub uas zoo kawg nkaus hauv-spec PM bushing tawg thaum lub rooj sib dhos xovxwm. Qhov teeb meem tsis yog lub bushing; nws yog qhov txhoj puab heev xovxwm-haum spec nqa los ntawm ib qho wrought ib feem tsim. Peb yuav tsum rov xam qhov haum raws li qhov tseeb compressive lub zog ntawm cov khoom ntxeem tau, tsis yog nws cov theoretical khoom ntom.
Qhov kev pom zoo no yog qhov cais cov khoom lag luam los ntawm tus khub tsim khoom. Nws yog hais txog nug, Qhov no txhais tau li cas? es tsis yog xwb, peb puas tuaj yeem ua qhov zoo li no? Nws suav nrog kev nkag siab tag nrho cov saw hlau, los ntawm cov khoom siv hmoov (qhov sib xws yog huab tais) mus txog qhov kawg ntawm kev xa khoom. Nws yog vim li cas cov tuam txhab ua lag luam ntev, txawm hais tias tsom rau PM, casting, lossis machining, feem ntau muaj kev paub tob tshaj plaws. Lawv tau pom qhov ua tsis tiav, tshawb xyuas cov khoom tsis txaus, thiab cov txheej txheem hloov kho kom cov kab khiav. Qhov kev paub dhau los, hom tau tsim ntau dua 30 xyoo raws li tau sau tseg hauv QSY cov haujlwm thoob plaws casting thiab machining, qhia txhua kauj ruam - los ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom siv thiab cov txheej txheem tsim mus rau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas zaum kawg - kom ntseeg tau tias qhov tsis yog tsuas yog ua tau raws li kev luam ntawv, tab sis tseem nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb tiag.
Yog li, thaum kuv xav txog kev ua haujlwm hauv hmoov metallurgy, nws tsawg dua txog cov txheej txheem phau ntawv thiab ntau ntxiv txog cov txheej txheem tsim nyog ntawm kev hloov kho. Nws yog qhov chaw uas koj ib txwm ntsuas qhov zoo tshaj plaws physics nrog qhov tseeb ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam thiab cov khoom siv quirks. Cov hmoov yog qhov pib xwb.
