Thaum cov neeg feem coob hnov 'hlau xuab zeb casting', lawv pom cov txheej txheem qub los ua cov hlau ntxhib. Qhov ntawd yog thawj qhov kev xav tsis zoo. Hauv kev muaj tiag, niaj hnub hlau xuab zeb casting, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum peb tab tom tham txog kev ua haujlwm siab grey hlau lossis cov khoom siv hlau nplaum, yog qhov kev qhuab qhia zoo heev. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog nchuav hlau rau hauv cov xuab zeb pwm; Nws yog hais txog kev tswj cov xuab zeb nws tus kheej - nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, nws cov permeability, nws muaj peev xwm los ua pa gases - los tiv thaiv tag nrho cov tswv cuab ntawm qhov tsis xws luag uas tuaj yeem khawb ib pawg. Kuv tau pom ntau txoj haujlwm ua tsis tiav vim qhov kev tsom tsuas yog ntawm cov hlau yaj, thaum cov xuab zeb yog qhov kev xav tom qab. Cov xuab zeb yog ib nrab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, tej zaum ntau dua.
Xuab zeb System: Nws tsis yog Xuab zeb xwb
Cia peb mus rau hauv grit. Lub sij hawm xuab zeb yog dag. Hauv qhov chaw tsim khoom tsim khoom, nws yog ib qho ua tib zoo sib xyaw ntawm silica xuab zeb, bentonite av nplaum, dej, thiab feem ntau thee plua plav (seacoal) lossis lwm yam khoom ntxiv. Qhov ratio yog txhua yam. Cov av nplaum ntau dhau, thiab cov pwm yuav nyuaj dhau, tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj pa tawm thaum lub sijhawm nchuav. Koj yuav tau txais tshuab thiab pinholes. Tsawg dhau, thiab lub ntsej muag pwm tuaj yeem tawg lossis tawg, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab ntxhib nto tiav. Kuv nco qab txog ib txoj hauj lwm rau lub hydraulic valve lub cev uas peb tau txais cov tshuab subsurface. Peb tau caum qhov teeb meem los ntawm lub tuam tsev melting rau lub lis piam ua ntej thaum kawg paub tias peb cov batch tshiab ntawm bentonite muaj qhov sib txawv ion pauv peev xwm. Cov xuab zeb tsis coj zoo li qub. Kev hloov maj mam, ib qho teeb meem loj.
Tom qab ntawd muaj cov xuab zeb thermal stability. Thaum uas 1300 ° C + hlau tsoo lub pwm phab ntsa, cov xuab zeb yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv lub thermal shock yam tsis muaj fusing rau lub casting. Rau qee qhov nyuaj geometries nrog cov ntu tuab, qee zaum peb siv chromite xuab zeb lossis zircon xuab zeb hauv thaj chaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov pwm. Nws kim dua, tab sis nws tiv thaiv kev kub nyhiab thiab nkag mus rau qhov tsis xws luag uas yog npau suav phem los ntxuav hauv machining. Nws yog kev suav nqi-kev pab cuam uas koj ua raws li qhov kev ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab rau kev rov ua haujlwm dua.
Mulling thiab aeration yog cov txheej txheem uas tsis tau txais kev sib tham txaus sab nraum lub hauv pem teb. Cov xuab zeb yuav tsum tau muab sib xyaw kom huv si txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm, nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Tsis zoo mulled xuab zeb ua rau inconsistent pwm hardness. Koj tuaj yeem muaj tus qauv zoo meej, tab sis yog tias cov xuab zeb tsis ntim ib puag ncig nws, koj qhov tseeb qhov tseeb tawm ntawm lub qhov rais. Nws yog kev txawj tactile-tus neeg tsav tsheb qub tub rog tuaj yeem qhia ntau yam los ntawm kev hnov cov xuab zeb.
Pattern Making: Daim Ntawv Qhia Hauv Ntoo thiab Hlau
Tus qauv yog lub cev embodiment ntawm ib feem, ntxiv rau tag nrho cov foundryman txoj kev paub. Draft cov ces kaum, shrinkage nyiaj, fillet radii, core print design-lawv tag nrho ua rau nws. Rau hlau xuab zeb casting khiav, peb feem ntau siv cov qauv hlau (txhuas lossis hlau) rau kev ua haujlwm ntev. Tab sis lub tswv yim tsim yog qhov tseem ceeb. Ib qho yuam kev feem ntau yog tsim tus qauv raws li daim ntawv luam ncaj qha ntawm CAD qauv. Hlau shrinks, ho. Rau grey hlau, koj tab tom saib txog li 1% shrinkage. Yog li koj tus qauv yuav tsum tau loj hlob raws li. Thiab nws tsis yog linear; txawv seem thicknesses txias ntawm cov nqi sib txawv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam. Peb feem ntau siv cov kev cai shrink thiab txawm hloov cov qauv raws li thawj cov ntsiab lus.
Gating thiab risering systems yog tsim los ntawm cov qauv phaj. Qhov no yog qhov uas kos duab ntsib science. Lub hom phiaj yog kom tau txais cov hlau huv, tsis muaj cua sov kom puv cov kab noj hniav sai, thiab tom qab ntawd pub cov shrinkage raws li cov casting solidifies. Tso cov risers (feeders) tsis raug yog qhov yuam kev classic. Lawv yuav tsum nyob rau ntawm qhov hnyav tshaj plaws, qhov kawg kom ruaj khov. Kuv tau muaj qhov xwm txheej uas qhov zoo nkauj cam khwb cia tau puas los ntawm cov kab noj hniav shrinkage hauv tus thawj coj tseem ceeb vim tias tus riser yog ob peb centimeters ntawm nws txoj haujlwm zoo. Simulation software pab tam sim no, tab sis tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv rau kev txiav qhib ob peb qauv castings thiab pom cov qauv solidification nrog koj tus kheej ob lub qhov muag.
Kev tu tus qauv yog qhov tsis tu ncua. Xuab zeb yog abrasive. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus qauv hnav, thiab qhov ntev drifts. Lub sij hawm tsis tu ncua rau kev tshuaj xyuas qhov ntev ntawm tus tswv yog tsis sib tham. Nws yog ib qho tho txawv, tiv thaiv txoj haujlwm uas txuag suav tsis tau mob taub hau hauv kab.
Lub Pour: Qhov Chaw Tswj Xyuas Raws Li Chaos
Pouring hlau yog deceptively yooj yim-saib. Tsis yog. Qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tseem ceeb. Kub dhau, thiab koj ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov xuab zeb hlawv-hauv thiab ntau dhau shrinkage. txias dhau, thiab koj tau txais mistruns, txias kaw, lossis dej tsis zoo uas ua tsis tiav cov ntu nyias. Rau feem ntau cov ntawv siv hlau grey, peb tsom rau qhov sib txawv ntawm 1350 ° C thiab 1400 ° C, tab sis qhov no tau tweaked raws li ntu tuab thiab qhov hnyav. Koj kawm txiav txim qhov dej ntws thiab cov xim ntawm cov hlau, tab sis cov thermocouples yog koj tus phooj ywg zoo tshaj.
Pouring ceev tseem ceeb. nrawm dhau, thiab koj yuav raug pwm yaig thiab turbulence uas entraps huab cua thiab slag. qeeb dhau, thiab cov hlau pib khov ua ntej pwm puv. Nws yog ib qho ruaj khov, nruam nchuav mus txog thaum koj pom cov hlau nce hauv cov risers. Lub slag yuav tsum tau skimmed tawm mob siab rau ntawm lub ladle ua ntej thiab thaum lub sij hawm ncuav. Txhua lub slag uas nkag mus rau hauv pwm yuav dhau los ua kev suav nrog. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb, kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes uas tsis muaj lub tshuab tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab.
Cov huab cua nyob hauv qhov chaw nchuav yog nruj, txhua lub sijhawm. Koj tswj cov cua sov, molten hlau, thiab lub moos. Cov hlau yog txias los ntawm lub caij nws tawm hauv lub cub tawg. Muaj ib lub qhov rais nqaim kom tau nws txoj cai. Kev nyab xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis yog qhov tseem ceeb. Ib lub sijhawm cuam tshuam tuaj yeem txhais tau tias muaj qhov tsis zoo los yog phem dua.
Shakeout, ntxuav, thiab qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua tiav
Tom qab txias, lub casting mus shakeout. Cov xuab zeb yog nruj nreem kaw, thiab cov casting tshwm, kub thiab them rau hauv burnt xuab zeb crust. Nov yog thawj zaug saib ntawm koj txoj haujlwm. Koj tab tom nrhiav kom pom qhov tsis xws luag: loj flashes, tag nrho misruns, tawg cores. Tom qab ntawd cov rooj vag thiab risers raug tshem tawm, feem ntau ntawm kev txiav torches lossis bandsaws.
Tom qab ntawd los ntxuav, feem ntau yog feem ntau siv zog ua haujlwm. Qhov no suav nrog kev tua blasting kom tshem tawm cov xuab zeb seem, thiab tom qab ntawd sib tsoo tawm cov seem ntawm cov rooj vag thiab risers, thiab cov fins lossis flashes. Qhov no yog qhov zoo ntawm koj cov pwm thiab cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ua kom pom tseeb. Ib qho pwm zoo uas muaj cov tub ntxhais nruj nruj yuav txo qhov kev sib tsoo uas xav tau. Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo txhais tau hais tias cov sijhawm ua haujlwm ntxiv nrog lub kaum sab xis, ntxiv cov nqi thiab pheej hmoo ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau lub casting nws tus kheej yog tias lub grinder swb. Rau cov tuam txhab uas muab kev pabcuam puv ntoob, xws li Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke tom qab casting yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Nrog rau ntau tshaj 30 xyoo nyob rau hauv casting thiab machining, lawv to taub hais tias ib tug casting tsis tiav thaum nws tawm hauv cov xuab zeb; nws tiav lawm thaum nws npaj txhij rau cov neeg siv khoom sib dhos kab. Lawv muaj peev xwm ua raws hlau xuab zeb casting nrog precision CNC machining nyob rau hauv-lub tsev yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom zoo dua, kom ntseeg tau tias qhov tseem ceeb qhov ntev yog tuav thiab txuag cov neeg siv khoom los ntawm kev sib koom tes ntau tus neeg muag khoom.
Kev tshuaj xyuas tshwm sim nyob rau theem no. Dimensional checks, kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag rau qhov chaw tsis xws luag, thiab feem ntau tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj xws li dye penetrant lossis ultrasonic kuaj rau qhov tseem ceeb. Nws yog ib theem sobering. Qee lub sij hawm, lub casting uas zoo li zoo meej tom qab shakeout qhia tau hais tias shrinkage porosity los yog xuab zeb suav nrog tom qab txhaj tshuaj blasting. Koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab: nws puas tuaj yeem kho los ntawm vuam (thiab tus neeg siv khoom puas tso cai?), lossis puas yog khawb? Tus nqi tawm los yog lub siab tsis tu ncua.
Material Nuances: Tsis yog txhua yam hlau yog tsim sib npaug
Thaum peb hais txog hlau, nws yog ib tsev neeg loj heev. Rau cov xuab zeb casting, grey hlau (Flake Graphite Iron) yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws, khoom plig rau nws lub peev xwm damping, machinability, thiab fluidity zoo. Tab sis ductile hlau (Nodular Graphite Iron) yog nce ntxiv rau qhov uas yuav tsum tau muaj zog dua thiab toughness. Qhov sib txawv yog nyob rau hauv kev kho yaj - ntxiv magnesium los yog cerium rau spheroidize cov graphite. Txoj kev kho no yog kev ua haujlwm me me; Lub sijhawm ploj yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab nws yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej nchuav. Tau nws tsis ncaj ncees lawm, thiab koj tau degenerate graphite, tua cov neeg kho tshuab zog.
Alloyed hlau ntxiv lwm txheej. Ntxiv chromium rau kev hnav tsis kam, npib tsib xee rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion, los yog molybdenum rau lub zog ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hloov txhua yam - kev ua kom yaj, kev coj tus cwj pwm shrinkage, machinability. Qhov no yog qhov chaw tshawb nrhiav cov kws tshaj lij metallurgical raug sim. Lub khw zoo li QSY, uas teev cov kev paub nrog cov alloys tshwj xeeb suav nrog cov nickel-based thiab cobalt-based alloys, yuav ua rau cov hlau alloyed nrog cov txheej txheem nruj tswj kev xav. Cov ntsiab cai ntawm hlau xuab zeb casting nyob twj ywm, tab sis cov variables multiply.
Kev xaiv ntawm qib hlau ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev tsim ntawm lub casting nws tus kheej. Ib feem tsim los rau cov hlau nplaum yuav xav tau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau grey vim qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua tsis tiav hauv kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov tsim qauv thiab cov chaw tsim khoom. Piv txwv tias hlau yog hlau ua rau cov khoom noj tsis zoo thiab kev ua tsis tiav hauv kev pabcuam.
Xaus Kev xav: Ib txheej txheem sib koom ua ke
Yog li ntawd, hlau xuab zeb casting yog deb ntawm cov txheej txheem primitive. Nws yog ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txuas: kev npaj xuab zeb, qauv engineering, kev tsim cov tub ntxhais, kev tswj cov melting, pouring, thiab tiav. Ib qho tsis muaj zog hauv txhua qhov txuas ua rau cov saw hlau. Cov qauv tam sim no yog mus rau kev sib koom ua ke nruj dua, qhov chaw tsim khoom tau koom nrog thaum ntxov hauv theem tsim los qhia txog kev tsim khoom, thiab qhov twg cov txheej txheem tom qab casting zoo li machining yog suav tias yog ib feem ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua. Nws yog hais txog kev xa cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, tsis yog qhov ntxhib casting xwb.
Qhov kev txawj ntse tiag tiag nyob rau hauv kev sib npaug tag nrho cov kev hloov pauv nyiaj txiag. Nws yog ib qho kev xyaum ua los ntawm kev sau, qee zaum mob, kev paub. Koj kawm tau los ntawm txhua qhov molded molded, los ntawm txhua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tsis raug. Lub hom phiaj yog qhov sib xws-ua qhov kev puas tsuaj nrog qhov zoo ib yam li thawj. Qhov ntawd yog qhov kev sib tw tiag tiag ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua, thiab nws yog qhov sib cais ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm los ntawm tus khub tsim kev ntseeg siab rau cov khoom siv precision.
