Cov teebmeem ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv Alloys ntawm Mechanical Properties 

Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov hlau sib txawv hauv ib qho alloy tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab (xws li lub zog, hardness, ductility, toughness, corrosion resistance, etc.).

Cov hauv qab no yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus hlau hauv cov alloys thiab lawv cov teebmeem ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab:

1. Carbon (C)

(1) Siv: Feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv steel thiab cam khwb cia hlau, tsim carbides nrog hlau (xws li Fe3C).

(2) Kev cuam tshuam:

① Lub zog / Hardness: Cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau ntxiv ua rau muaj zog thiab lub zog (xws li cov pa roj carbon siab), tab sis ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau brittleness.

② Kev ua haujlwm: Qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus carbon, qhov qis dua qhov ductility thiab toughness.

③ Weldability: High carbon steel muaj cov khoom siv vuam tsis zoo.

2.Chromium (Cr)

(1) Siv: Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb rau stainless hlau (xws li 304, 316) thiab cov cuab yeej hlau.

(2) Kev cuam tshuam:

① Corrosion kuj: Ua ib zaj duab xis passive oxide (Cr2O3) los txhim kho oxidation tsis kam thiab corrosion kuj.

② Hardness / Lub zog: Cov ntaub ntawv carbides nrog carbon (xws li Cr23C6) los txhim kho hardness thiab hnav tsis kam.

③.Kev ua haujlwm kub: Txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias zog (xws li cov hlau kub-resistant).

3. Nickel (Ni)

(1) Daim ntawv thov: stainless hlau (xws li 304), kub kub alloys (xws li Inconel) thiab corrosion resistant alloys.

(2) Kev cuam tshuam:

①. Toughness: Txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias toughness thiab ductility (xws li nickel steel rau qhov kub thiab txias).

② Corrosion kuj: Txhim khu kev tiv thaiv rau acids thiab alkalis.

③.Austenite stabilization: Hauv stainless hlau, nws koom tes nrog chromium los tsim cov qauv austenitic (xws li 304 steel).

4. Molybdenum (Mo)

(1) Daim ntawv thov: siab zog steel (xws li 4140), stainless hlau (xws li 316) thiab kub alloys.

(2) Kev cuam tshuam:

①.Lub zog / kub tsis kam: Txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias zog thiab creep kuj.

② Corrosion kuj: Txhim khu kev tiv thaiv rau chloride kev nyuaj siab corrosion (xws li 316 stainless hlau).

③.Txoj kev ua kom zoo: Txhim kho hardenability.

5. Manganese (Mn)

(1) Daim ntawv thov: carbon steel (xws li A36), siab zog qis alloy steel (HSLA) thiab austenitic manganese steel (xws li Hadfield steel).

(2) Kev cuam tshuam:

①.Deoxidation / desulfurization: Txo cov kev phom sij ntawm leej faj (cov ntaub ntawv MnS tsis yog FeS).

② Hardenability: Txhim kho hardenability thiab hnav tsis kam (xws li siab manganese hlau rau excavator thoob).

③.Austenite stabilization: Ib nrab nickel hloov hauv stainless hlau.

6. Silicon (Si)

(1) Kev siv: Caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel (xws li 65Mn), hluav taws xob hlau, thiab txhuas alloys (xws li 4xxx series).

(2) Kev cuam tshuam:

① Lub zog / elasticity: Txhim kho lub zog thiab elastic txwv ntawm cov hlau (xws li silicon-manganese caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel).

②.Deoxidizer: Tshem tawm cov pa oxygen thaum ua steel.

③.Magnetic zog: Txhim kho qhov sib nqus permeability ntawm hluav taws xob hlau.

7.Aluminium (Al)

(1) Kev siv: Aluminium alloys (xws li 6061), high-temperature alloys (piv txwv li Fe-Cr-Al), thiab deoxidizers.

(2) Kev cuam tshuam:

①. Lub teeb yuag: Txo qhov ntom ntom (txhuas alloys yog li 2/3 sib zog dua hlau).

② Corrosion kuj: Forms Al2O3 tiv thaiv zaj duab xis.

③.Txoj kev ua kom zoo: Inhibits grain loj hlob nyob rau hauv steel.

8. Titanium (Ti)

(1) Daim ntawv thov: Titanium alloys (xws li Ti-6Al-4V), stainless hlau (xws li 321), thiab kub-kub alloys.

(2) Kev cuam tshuam:

① .Lub zog / qhov hnyav piv: Titanium alloys muaj lub zog tshwj xeeb heev.

② Corrosion kuj: Resistant seawater thiab chloride corrosion.

③.Carbide tsim: Txhim kho cov pa roj carbon monoxide hauv cov hlau kom tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm intergranular (xws li 321 stainless hlau).

9. Copper (Cu)

(1) Daim ntawv thov: Brass (Cu-Zn), bronze (Cu-Sn), thiab nag lossis daus-tawv hlau (piv txwv li 17-4PH).

(2) Kev cuam tshuam:

① Corrosion kuj: Txhim kho atmospheric corrosion kuj (xws li weathering steel).

②. Hluav taws xob / thermal conductivity: Copper alloys muaj hluav taws xob conductivity zoo heev.

③.Precipitation strengthening: Cov ntawv ε-Cu theem hauv cov hlau (xws li 17-4PH stainless hlau).

10. Vanadium (V)

(1) Daim ntawv thov: Cov cuab yeej hlau (xws li D2), siab zog qis-alloy steels (HSLA).

(2) Kev cuam tshuam:

①.Grain refinement: Tsim cov carbonitrides (xws li VC) los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov nplej.

② Lub zog / toughness: Txhim kho lub zog thaum tuav lub zog (xws li HSLA steel).

11.Tungsten (W)

(1) Daim ntawv thov: High-speed steel (xws li M2), cemented carbide (WC-Co) thiab high-temperature alloys.

(2) Kev cuam tshuam:

①.High-kub hardness: Tsim cov carbides hnav-resistant (xws li W2C).

② Red hardness: High-speed steel tuav hardness ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.

12. Zinc (Zn)

(1) Daim ntawv thov: Galvanized steel (xeb tiv thaiv), tooj dag (Cu-Zn) thiab txhuas alloys (xws li 7xxx series).

(2) Kev cuam tshuam:

①.Sacrificial anode tiv thaiv: Cov txheej zinc tiv thaiv cov hlau matrix.

② Lub zog: Tsim ib theem ntxiv dag zog rau cov txhuas alloys (xws li Zn-Mg-Cu, 7075 aluminium alloy).

Summary : Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab

Los ntawm kev kho cov ntsiab lus thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntsiab lus no, cov alloys tuaj yeem tsim kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb (xws li cov hlau muaj zog, corrosion-resistant alloys, lossis high-temperature alloys).