Stainless hlau 304 (feem ntau sau li SUS304 los yog AISI304) yog cov feem ntau siv thiab ntau yam austenitic stainless hlau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws qib Suav yog 06Cr19Ni10. Cov hauv qab no muab cov lus piav qhia ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm Stainless Steel 304.
I. Core Chemical Composition
Kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm Stainless Steel 304 yog txiav txim siab los ntawm nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Lub ntsiab muaj pes tsawg leeg (raws li ASTM A240standard) yog raws li nram no:
| Element | Cov ntsiab lus ntau (wt%) | Main Function |
| Chromium (Cr) | 18.0-20.0% yog | Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: Ua ib qho ntom ntom chromium oxide passive zaj duab xis, muab cov khoom "stainless" thiab tseem ceeb corrosion kuj. |
| Nickel (Ni) | 8.0-10.5% | Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb: Stabilizes austenitic qauv, muab zoo heev toughness, non-magnetism, weldability, thiab txhim khu corrosion kuj. |
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) | ≤ 0.08% | Txhim kho lub zog. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide tuaj yeem yooj yim ua rau intergranular corrosion tom qab vuam, ua rau kev txhim kho cov pa roj carbon tsawg 304L. |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 2.0% | Txhim kho lub zog thiab qee qhov hloov pauv rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm nickel. |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 0.75% | Ua raws li deoxidizer thiab txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias zog. |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.045% | impurity caij, yuav tsum tau tswj (txo toughness). |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.030% | impurity caij, yuav tsum tau tswj (muaj feem xyuam rau kub workability). |
| Nitrogen (N) | ≤0.10% | tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau 304L. |
| Hlau (Fe) | Tshuav | Base hlau. |
Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov qib derivative:
304l ua: Carbon (C) ≤ 0.03%, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm vuam rhiab heev.
3 04 h: Cov pa roj carbon (C) 0.04-0.10%, tsim los txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias thiab kev ua haujlwm siab.
II. Tej yam cuab yeej cuab tam
Cov chav tsev kub-kub txhua yam khoom ntawm Stainless Steel 304 nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj-annealed mob (qhov feem ntau nkag mob) yog raws li nram no:
| Performance Indicator | Tus nqi | Kev piav qhia |
| Tensile zog | ≥515 MPa | Qhov siab tshaj plaws tensile quab yuam cov khoom tuaj yeem tiv taus ua ntej fracturing. |
| Yield zog (0.2% offset) | ≥205 MPa | Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntxhov siab uas cov khoom pib mus tas li deformation. |
| Elongation (50mm gauge ntev) | ≥40% | Qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb: Kev elongation siab heev qhia tau hais tias zoo heev plasticity thiab toughness, ua kom yooj yim rau kev ua cov txheej txheem txias xws li sib sib zog nqus nqus thiab khoov. |
| Hardness (Brinell Hardness HB) | ≤ 201 HB | Tsawg hardness, qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm hardening (nws yuav nyuaj dua thaum machining). |
| Modulus ntawm Elasticity | ~ 193 GPa | Zoo ib yam li carbon steel, ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm cov khoom tawv. |
| Qhov ntom | 7.93 g / cm³ | Me ntsis qis dua carbon steel. |
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb:
Tsis-magnetic: Tsis-magnetic nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub xeev annealed. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ua haujlwm txias (xws li txiav, khoov, stamping), qee qhov austenite tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv martensite, ua rau cov hlau nplaum tsis muaj zog. Authenticity yuav tsum tsis txhob txiav txim los ntawm magnetism nkaus xwb.
Ua Haujlwm Hardening: Ceev nrooj ua nyuaj thiab muaj zog thaum ua haujlwm txias, tab sis plasticity txo. Complex forming yuav tsum tau intermediate annealing.
III. Main Application Fields
Ua tsaug rau nws cov kev ua tau zoo tag nrho, Stainless Steel 304 yog siv nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov kev lag luam thiab lub neej txhua hnub:
| Daim ntawv thov teb | Daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb | Yog vim li cas xaiv 304 |
| Cookware & Food Industry | lauj kaub, tais, phiab, dab dej, countertops; khoom noj khoom haus, cia tank, pipelines, catering utensils. | Kev nyab xeeb & huv si: Corrosion-resistant, yooj yim los ntxuav, tsis muaj teeb meem tshuaj leaching (khoom noj khoom haus qib). |
| Architecture & Kho kom zoo nkauj | Kab hlau rhuav phab ntsa, qhov rooj / qhov rai kho vajtse, tes tuav, of elevator decorations, ru tsev, cov khoom siv. | Aesthetic & Durable: Ntau yam ntawm qhov chaw tiav (brushed, daim iav, sandblasted), zoo atmospheric corrosion kuj, ntev lifespan. |
| Cov cuab yeej siv & tshuaj lom neeg | Cov tso tsheb hlau luam, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov kav dej, cov hlab ntsha reactor (rau cov xov xwm uas tsis muaj corrosive heev), textile / ntawv machinery. | General Corrosion Resistance: Kev ua haujlwm zoo rau ntau yam tshuaj thiab kev lag luam ib puag ncig, ua haujlwm tau zoo. |
| Cov khoom siv hauv tsev | Lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, lub tshuab rhaub dej, lub qhov cub microwave, lub tub yees txias, lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws sab hauv. | Resistant rau ya raws / chav corrosion, zoo nkauj pleasing, siab zog. |
| Kev thauj mus los | Tsheb trim, rail transit interiors, thawv Cheebtsam, pa system Cheebtsam. | Cov huab cua tsis zoo, yooj yim rau kev tsim thiab vuam. |
| Kev Kho Mob & Pharmaceutical | (Yuav tsum tau kho qhov chaw tshwj xeeb) Cov cuab yeej siv phais phais, cov khoom siv tsis muaj menyuam tsis muaj menyuam, cov khoom siv tsis yog cov tub ntxhais sib cuag hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj. | Yooj yim los ntxuav thiab sterilize, tiv taus cov tshuaj tua kab mob. |
| Zog & Ib puag ncig | Flue gas desulfurization units, non-core Cheebtsam hauv nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag, hnub ci vaj huam sib luag mounting brackets. | Txhim khu kev ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv nruab nrab corrosive ib puag ncig. |
IV. Cov ntsiab lus
Stainless hlau 304, vim nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg (18/8 chromium-nickel), muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev, tsis muaj kev sib piv, thiab weldability, ua rau nws muaj tseeb "universal steel." Nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws thiab txhim khu kev qha hauv feem ntau ntawm cov pa ib puag ncig. Tsuas yog thaum ntsib cov cheeb tsam uas muaj cov tshuaj chloride (xws li dej hiav txwv, de-icing ntsev) lossis cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab kho dua tshiab rau molybdenum-muaj 316 stainless hlau.
