Thaum koj hnov 'cov hmoov hlau metallurgy', cov duab tam sim no yuav yog cov khoom zoo meej, ua haujlwm siab ncaj qha tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kuaj. Qhov tseeb ntawm lub khw hauv pem teb feem ntau messier, nrog kev lag luam tawm ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws microstructure thiab kev lag luam phem ntawm kev tsim khoom. Nws tsis yog hais txog kev nias thiab sintering; Nws yog hais txog kev tswj cov kev cia siab - ob qho tib si cov khoom siv thiab cov neeg siv khoom.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm Spec Sheet thiab Shop Floor
Peb feem ntau tau txais kev nug, qee zaum los ntawm cov neeg koom tes nyiam Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), leej twg muaj kev paub tob hauv casting thiab machining, nug yog tias ib feem tam sim no ua los ntawm peev casting tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hmoov metallurgy rau tus nqi lossis kev ua haujlwm. Thawj lo lus nug yog yeej tsis tau peb? tab sis peb yuav tsum? Rau cov iav nyuaj uas xav tau lub zog qaug zog, PM tuaj yeem yeej. Tab sis rau ib qho yooj yim, tuab-walled vaj tse, tsoos casting los yog txawm machining los ntawm bar Tshuag feem ntau tseem pheej yig dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qis ntim. Lub allure ntawm ze-net-puab yog muaj zog, tab sis tus nqi ntawm cov cuab yeej rau qhov nyuaj iav tuag yuav ua tau ib tug project killer.
Kuv nco qab qhov project rau hydraulic valve tivthaiv. Daim duab qhia qhov ceev ntawm 7.4 g / cm3 rau lub hmoov metallurgy hlau los xyuas kom meej qhov to-tightness. Peb ua tiav nws los ntawm ob npaug nias thiab sintering, tab sis qhov seem warpage post-sintering yog npau suav phem. Ib feem zoo nkaus li zoo meej los ntawm lub qhov cub, tab sis CMM ntsuas tau qhia ib zaj dab neeg sib txawv. Peb tau siv lub lis piam tweaking tus qauv tsim ua ntej, qhov tseem ceeb hauv lub tsev nyob rau hauv distortion nyob rau hauv opposite kev taw qhia, uas xav kiag li counter-intuitive. Nws ua haujlwm, tab sis nws ntxiv 15% rau lub sijhawm txhim kho. Qhov ntawd yog tus nqi zais - qhov rov ua dua.
Qhov no yog qhov uas muaj tus khub machining yog tsis sib tham. Txawm hais tias nrog cov txheej txheem PM zoo tshaj plaws, koj feem ntau xav tau qhov kawg machining dhau rau qhov tseem ceeb txaus siab lossis qhov ua tiav. Ib lub tuam txhab zoo li QSY, nrog lawv CNC machining kev txawj ntse, ua qhov tseem ceeb. Koj tsis tuaj yeem muab lawv ua ib feem sintered thiab cia siab tias yuav muaj txuj ci tseem ceeb; cov khoom coj txawv dua li cov hlau wrought. Nws yog abrasive ntau dua thiab tuaj yeem muaj porosity. Peb tau kawm kom paub meej sintered ntom thiab hardness ntawm daim duab peb xa mus rau machinists, tsis yog cov alloy qib. Ib daim ntawv zoo li muaj cov porosity seem, siv cov cuab yeej ntse txuag txhua tus neeg mob taub hau.
Khoom Nuances Tshaj Hlau thiab Carbon
Lub hauv paus hlau hmoov tsuas yog lub canvas. Cov kos duab yog nyob rau hauv cov additives - lub pre-alloyed hmoov thiab lubricants. Siv cov hmoov sib xyaw ua ke zoo li Distaloy, nrog npib tsib xee thiab tooj liab ua ntej-alloyed rau hauv cov hlau hais, muab ntau homogeneous zog tom qab sintering piv rau kev sib xyaw cov hmoov nplej. Tab sis nws kim dua. Rau daim ntawv thov hnav siab, peb yuav mus nrog cov hmoov hlau ua ntej uas muaj molybdenum, tom qab ntawd ntxiv tooj liab thiab graphite rau lub zog. Lub sintering cua ua ib qho tseem ceeb - ib nrab lub tshuab nqus tsev los yog tawg ammonia los tiv thaiv decarburization. Ua qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm, thiab koj cov hlau tsis muaj zog yuav tsis tawv.
Muaj ib qho kev xav tsis zoo uas PM qhov chaw tsis muaj zog. Tsis muaj tseeb yog ua tiav. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem hardening zoo li carbonitriding, peb tau ua tiav qhov tawv tawv ntawm 60 HRC ntawm hmoov metallurgy hlau Cheebtsam rau automotive kis tau tus mob. Qhov tseem ceeb yog ua tiav qhov ceev txaus ua ntej. Ib feem ntawm 6.8 g / cm3 yuav muaj kev sib tshuam porosity uas nqus cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab ua rau qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov tob. Thawb nws mus rau 7.2 lossis siab dua, thiab nws coj zoo dua li cov khoom siv thaum kho cua sov.
Zaj dab neeg tsis ua tiav: ib zaug peb tau sim ua ib qho me me, lub zog siab zog nrog ib qho undercut. Tus tsim hu rau undercut yuav tsum tau tsim thaum lub sij hawm nias kom tsis txhob zaum ob machining. Nws zoo li ntse. Tab sis thaum lub sij hawm ejection los ntawm qhov tuag, qhov ilv seem, compacted tab sis tseem tsis tau sintered (dab tsi peb hu ua ntsuab ib feem), tawg yuav luag txhua lub sij hawm. Peb sim sib txawv lubricant blends nyob rau hauv cov hmoov sib tov los txhim kho ndlwg thiab txo kev sib txhuam, tab sis lub sheer mechanical stress yog siab dhau. Peb yuav tsum rov tsim dua qhov, ua kom yooj yim rau cov duab thiab lees txais kev ua haujlwm CNC tom qab los tsim cov undercut. Nws yog ib rooj plaub classic ntawm overestimating dab tsi lub zog ntsuab yuav lis. Zaj lus qhia yog tsim rau tus txheej txheem, tsis yuam tus txheej txheem kom haum tus tsim.
Thaum PM ntsib lwm cov txheej txheem
Qhov no yog qhov chaw nthuav. Tuam txhab uas muag nyiam QSY tshwj xeeb hauv peev casting thiab plhaub molding. Yog li thaum twg PM sib tw, thiab thaum twg nws ntxiv? Rau cov alloys uas tsis yooj yim rau tshuab, zoo li qee cov nickel-based superalloys, PM thiab peev casting yog contenders. PM tuaj yeem muab cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws. Txawm li cas los xij, rau qhov loj heev (xav tias tshaj 10 kg), qhov loj-txheej nias yuav ua tsis tau zoo, thiab kev ua yeeb yam tseem yog dominates. Peb tau pom hybrid mus kom ze qhov twg ib qho nyuaj PM pre-form yog sintered thiab ces koom nrog ib tug cam khwb cia los yog machined los ua ke ntawm brazing los yog vuam. Nws yog niche, tab sis nws daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb.
Hauv lawv lub vev xaib, tsi.com, QSY teev cov ntaub ntawv xws li cobalt-based thiab nickel-based alloys. Cov no yog cov neeg sib tw tseem ceeb rau PM ib yam nkaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom uas xav tau qhov kub thiab txias thiab hnav cov khoom, xws li lub rooj zaum valve lossis turbine blades. Txoj kev hmoov tuaj yeem txo cov khoom pov tseg rau cov khoom kim heev no. Qhov kev sib tw yog sintering lawv yam tsis qhia cov kab mob; nws feem ntau yuav tsum tau high-vacuum furnaces. Tus nqi ntawm lub cub tawg lub sij hawm tau ci rau hauv tus nqi ib feem. Yog li qhov kev txiav txim siab matrix ib txwm rov qab los rau ntim, complexity, thiab cov nqi khoom.
Kuv pom cov haujlwm tom qab sintering fascinating. Ib feem sintered tsis tiav. Nws yuav xav tau sizing (qhov kawg rov nias hauv qhov tuag), chav kho rau saum npoo oxide thiab me me sealing, los yog ntau yam txheej txheem plating lossis txheej txheej. Peb ib zaug tau muaj ib pawg ntawm cov khoom uas dhau tag nrho cov kev ntsuas txhua yam tab sis ua tsis tiav cov tshuaj ntsev ntsev rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion. Lub porosity, txawm tias tsis sib cuam tshuam, yog ntxiab cov tshuaj plating, uas tom qab ntawd pom tawm thiab ua rau blistering. Qhov kev kho yog cov kauj ruam impregnation ua ntej plating - ib qho yooj yim, tus nqi qis uas tsis yog ib txwm nyob ntawm daim ntawv spec tab sis tseem ceeb heev rau qee yam kev siv.
Economic Reality thiab Niche Strengths
Thaum kawg ntawm hnub, hmoov metallurgy hlau tsis yog rab phom khawv koob. Nws yog ib qho txheej txheem nrog qhov chaw qab zib heev. Cov ntim siab (kom txo cov cuab yeej siv), nruab nrab mus rau qhov nyuaj siab (kom ua kom zoo dua cov duab zoo), thiab cov khoom siv uas tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm PM microstructure. Xav txog cov tsheb cav sprockets, cov cuab yeej fais fab, lossis cov khoom siv xauv. Rau ib-tawm prototypes los yog tsawg heev ntim, koj feem ntau zoo dua ntawm machining los ntawm cov khoom, txawm tias nws yog khib nyiab. Lub ntsiab lus break-even yog ib lub ntsiab lus tsis tu ncua ntawm kev sib cav.
Qhov twg nws ci ntsa iab yog nyob rau hauv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke koj tuaj yeem tsis yooj yim mus rau lwm qhov. Ua ib feem nrog cov qauv gradient-hais tias, ib qho kawg ntawm tooj liab kom zoo dua thermal conductivity thiab lwm qhov kawg yog tus qauv hlau rau lub zog-yog ua tau nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog xovxwm-sinter nrog ntse tuag tsim thiab hmoov txheej. Peb tau sim nrog tus kheej-lubricating bearing zoo li no, siv ib tug ntxeem tau hlau qauv infiltrated nrog ib tug polymer. Nws ua haujlwm, tab sis tswj qhov tob infiltration tsis tu ncua yog ib qho kev sib tw uas peb tsis tau daws tag nrho rau kev tsim khoom loj.
Saib ntawm thaj chaw dav dav, kev sib koom tes ntawm PM cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov tshuab ua haujlwm precision yog dab tsi muab cov khoom siv ua haujlwm. Ib tug ruaj zoo li Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. sawv cev rau lub peev xwm downstream uas ua rau PM siv tau rau cov ntawv thov raug. Peb ua qhov ze-net-zoo li dawb paug nrog nws cov khoom tswj cov khoom; lawv coj nws mus rau nws qhov kawg dimensional thiab nto finish destiny. Nws yog ib qho kev sib koom tes uas yuav tsum muaj kev nkag siab sib koom - paub tias qhov chaw sintered txawv, paub qhov twg qhov porosity yuav yog, thiab kho cov khoom noj, nrawm, thiab cov cuab yeej siv raws li. Qhov kev sib tham ntawd, ntau dua li ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv, yog dab tsi hloov cov hmoov hlau rau hauv lub tshuab txhim khu kev qha.
