Thaum koj hais tias 'xiav xuab zeb', cov neeg feem coob pom cov yeeb yaj kiab dub thiab dawb ntawm cov hauv pem teb, cov nplaim taws ya, cov txiv neej shoveling xuab zeb. Qhov ntawd tsis yog qhov yuam kev, tab sis nws yog qhov kawg ntawm cov dej khov. Cov dab neeg tiag tiag yog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus tsis txaus ntseeg - kev sib haum xeeb, kev daws teeb meem, qhov dav dav ntawm qhov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua tau thiab ua tsis tau. Nws tsis yog hais txog kev ua pwm hauv cov xuab zeb; Nws yog hais txog kev tswj kev seev cev chaotic ntawm tshav kub, chemistry, thiab physics kom tau txais ib feem siv tau. Ntau yam specs tuaj nrog xuab zeb casting assumed raws li pheej yig, yooj yim xaiv rau txhua yam. Qhov ntawd yog txoj hauv kev ceev kom hlawv nyiaj thiab sijhawm. Cia peb tham txog qhov twg nws ci tiag tiag, qhov twg nws ntog, thiab qhov koj yuav tsum paub tiag tiag ua ntej koj cog lus.
Lub hauv paus ntawm Nws: Ntsuab Sand vs. Tsis Muaj Ci, thiab Vim Li Cas Nws Tseem Ceeb
Yog tias koj tsis tob hauv lub ntiaj teb foundry, tej zaum koj yuav xav tias xuab zeb tsuas yog xuab zeb xwb. Qhov ntawd yog thawj qhov kev faib loj. Ntsuab xuab zeb casting- lub classic - siv cov av nplaum-bonded xuab zeb. Nws yog ceev, reusable, thiab av pheej yig rau cov khoom pwm nws tus kheej. Tab sis 'ntsuab' hais txog cov dej noo, tsis yog eco-friendliness. Qhov tseeb qhov dimension? Wb hu nws 'kev zam txim'. Koj tau txais qhov zoo nkauj tiav rau cov txheej txheem casting, tab sis koj kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog cov dej noo ntau dua yog tias cov xuab zeb tsis tswj tau zoo. Gas qhov, o - nws yog ib qho kev sib ntaus sib tua tas li.
Tom qab ntawd koj muaj tsis muaj ci xuab zeb casting tshuab. Resin-bonded sands. Cov no muab rau koj ntau qhov seem ruaj khov pwm, qhov tseeb zoo dua, thiab ua kom zoo dua. Kev lag luam tawm? Tus nqi ib pwm yog siab dua, thiab cov xuab zeb reclamation tau trickier. Koj tsis xaiv ntawm lawv raws li phau ntawv; koj xaiv raws li ib feem geometry, lub alloy, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau zoo theem. Rau ib qho yooj yim grey hlau manifold, ntsuab xuab zeb yog tej zaum zoo. Rau cov khoom siv qis qis qis uas cov khoom lag luam yog qhov tseem ceeb, koj yuav zoo li saib cov txheej txheem tsis muaj ci, tej zaum txawm tias ib qho hybrid zoo li lub plhaub molding QSY ua, txawm tias qhov ntawd yog tsiaj nyaum sib txawv.
Kuv nco qab ib txoj hauj lwm rau lub tsev twj tso kua mis, nruab nrab ntim, nyob rau hauv ductile hlau. Daim duab tau hu rau kev ua siab ntev rau ntawm qhov chaw bore. Peb tau hais tias tsis muaj ci. Tus neeg siv tau thawb rov qab, xav tau tus nqi pheej yig dua cov xuab zeb ntsuab. Peb sim ua tus qauv khiav. Cov variation nyob rau hauv raws li-cam khwb cia qhov ntev yog thoob plaws qhov chaw. Lub khw machining tsis tuaj yeem tuav qhov chaw vim tias cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm tsis zoo ib yam. Peb xaus rau kev noj mov kom hloov mus rau qhov tsis muaj ci nruab nrab ntawm kev tsim khoom. Zaj lus qhia? Cov txheej txheem ' pheej yig dua' tsis yog pheej yig dua yog tias nws ua rau koj cov dej num poob qis. Qhov no yog hom tswv yim calculus ib lub khw zoo li Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), nrog rau lawv lub xyoo caum hauv casting thiab machining, instinctively - lawv pom tag nrho cov saw, tsis yog lub ncuav.
Kev xaiv cov khoom: Nws tsis yog hais txog Melting Point xwb
Koj tuaj yeem pov yuav luag txhua yam hlau uas nchuav rau hauv cov xuab zeb pwm. Cam khwb cia hlau, steels, stainless, bronzes, aluminium. Kev ntes yog li cas cov khoom coj cwj pwm nrog cov xuab zeb. High-temperature alloys, zoo li cov nickel-raws li QSY cov npe, qhia tag nrho lwm txheej ntawm complexity. Lub tshav kub hloov pauv txawv. Cov hlau nyob twj ywm ua kua ntev dua, uas tuaj yeem ua rau ntau xuab zeb hlawv-hauv thiab nkag mus, ua rau lub ntsej muag puas. Tej zaum koj yuav xav tau cov xuab zeb tshwj xeeb los yog txheej txheej-zircon-raws li, feem ntau-uas ntxiv cov nqi thiab cov kauj ruam.
Aluminium xuab zeb casting yog nws lub ntiaj teb. Nws zoo nkaus li yooj yim vim tias qhov kub qis dua, tab sis nws yog qhov yooj yim rau shrinkage porosity thiab dross inclusions yog tias lub rooj vag thiab rising tsis tsim zoo kawg nkaus. Lub fluidity yog qhov zoo heev, yog li nws sau cov seem nyias zoo, tab sis qhov ntawd kuj txhais tau tias nws ceev nrooj los qhia cov teeb meem ntsig txog qhov tsis xws luag. Rau txhuas, qhov zoo ntawm kev kho melting (degassing, grain refinement) ua ntej nws txawm kov cov xuab zeb yog 50% ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Ib tug foundry uas ua ntau ntawm txhuas yuav muaj ib tug sib txawv kiag li teeb thiab txawj teem dua ib tug tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv steel castings.
Peb ib zaug sim nrog cobalt-raws li alloy rau hnav phaj. Lub alloy nws tus kheej yog npau suav phem rau qhov chaw. Cov txheej txheem xuab zeb casting yog tib txoj kev siv tau vim qhov loj me. Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws yog kub kua muag. Lub alloy lub solidification ntau thiab kev txwv los ntawm cov xuab zeb pwm tsim cov kab nrib pleb txhua lub sijhawm. Peb yuav tsum rov tsim kho qhov seem geometry kom muaj cov phab ntsa tuab ntau dua, ntxiv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem (cov khoom siv ntxiv) hauv qee qhov chaw tsuas yog yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tom qab, thiab siv cov xuab zeb sib xyaw ua ke. Nws ua haujlwm, tab sis cov txiaj ntsig tau txaus ntshai. Nws tau pom tias nrog cov hlau tsis sib xws, xuab zeb casting feem ntau yog kev sib haum xeeb ntawm geometric kev ywj pheej thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov khoom.
Tus Qauv: Thawj thiab Tseem Ceeb Kev nqis peev
Txhua yam pib nrog tus qauv. Ntoo, yas, hlau, lossis niaj hnub no, 3D-luam xuab zeb pwm ncaj qha. Tus nqi qauv yog koj thawj tus nqi sunk. Rau cov qauv los yog cov ntim tsawg heev, machined foam (expendable pattern) los yog 3D-printed sand pwm yog game-changers. Tab sis rau kev tsim khoom, koj xav tau cov qauv ruaj khov. Qhov tiav ntawm tus qauv ncaj qha txhais mus rau qhov kawg ntawm qhov casting. Txhua qhov khawb, qhov tsis zoo, tau rov ua dua.
Daim duab kaum. Qhov no zoo li Foundry 101, tab sis koj yuav xav tsis thoob tias muaj pes tsawg tus engineers tsis nco qab ntxiv cov qauv tsim nyog, lossis phem dua, tsim cov qauv tsis zoo. Hauv cov xuab zeb ntsuab, koj xav tau cov cua ntsawj ntshab ntxiv vim tias koj tab tom ramming cov xuab zeb nyob ib ncig ntawm tus qauv - koj yuav tsum rub nws tawm kom huv. Hauv qhov tsis muaj ci, qee zaum koj tuaj yeem tawm mus nrog tsawg dua vim tias cov pwm yog kho thiab nruj. Ib nrab-degree tuaj yeem yog qhov sib txawv ntawm tus qauv uas kav ntev txog ntau txhiab tus pwm thiab ib qho uas raug puas tsuaj rau ntawm tsib caug rub.
Qauv pub nyiaj. Qhov no yog kev paub dawb huv. Koj tab tom ntxiv cov khoom siv ntxiv (qhov nyiaj pub rau machining) rau tus qauv kom cov casting tuaj yeem loj, npaj rau lub tshuab CNC. Tab sis ntau npaum li cas? Nws nyob ntawm qhov loj me, cov alloy (shrinkage tus nqi), thiab qhov xav tau pwm phab ntsa txav. Rau cov hlau loj loj, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv 3-5mm rau ib qhov chaw. Tau txais nws tsis ncaj ncees lawm, thiab koj tuaj yeem tso cov khoom lag luam ntau dhau, nkim lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab lub neej ntawm lub cuab yeej, lossis tsawg dhau, ua rau 'daim tawv nqaij' qhov tsis xws luag uas lub cuab yeej tsis tuaj yeem ntxuav lub ntsej muag li-cam khwb cia. Qhov no yog qhov uas cov khw sib xyaw ua ke muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Ib lub tuam txhab ua ob qho tib si xuab zeb casting thiab cov CNC machining hauv tsev, zoo li QSY, tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov nyiaj pub dawb no raws li lawv tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm los ntawm lawv lub khw muag khoom, tsis yog ntawm kev kwv yees. Lawv kaw lub voj.
Gating and Risering: Invisible Art
Qhov no yog cov khawv koob dub ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev. Nws yog qhov chaw science ntsib kev kos duab, thiab qee zaum, kev thov Vajtswv. Lub rooj vag system-cov kab uas coj cov hlau mus rau hauv pwm kab noj hniav-yuav tsum tau sau cov pwm sai sai tab sis ntsiag to. Kev kub ntxhov yog yeeb ncuab; nws ua rau oxide inclusions thiab xuab zeb yaig. Koj xav tau laminar ntws. Cov risers (lossis feeders) yog cov dej kub ntawm cov hlau kub uas pub cov kua rau hauv lub casting thaum nws solidifies, tiv thaiv shrinkage kab noj hniav.
Muaj software rau qhov no tam sim no, solidification simulation, thiab nws yog incredibly muaj nuj nqis. Tab sis nws tseem yog ib qho kev qhia. Qhov kev sim tiag tiag yog txiav cov qauv casting, 'saib txiav', kom pom tias cov risers ua haujlwm, yog tias cov hlau tau noj zoo. Kuv tau pom zoo nkauj simulated sau cov qauv ua tsis tau qhov tseeb vim tias cov xuab zeb permeability tau tawm hnub ntawd, lossis qhov ntsuas kub yog 20 degrees Celsius qis dua li kev npaj.
Ib qho kev ua tsis tiav classic yog lub phab ntsa tuab tuab. Peb muab tso rau saum riser, logic hais tias nws yuav tsum ua haujlwm. Lub casting dhau qhov kev kuaj pom. Hauv X-ray? Ib tug loj shrinkage kab noj hniav txoj cai nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tuab seem. Lub riser tau khov sai heev; nws tsis nyob twj ywm kua ntev txaus los pub qhov kub ntawd. Qhov kev kho tsis yog lub riser loj dua, tab sis hloov nws cov duab mus rau 'caj dab-down' tsim uas nyob kub ntev dua, thiab siv lub tes tsho exothermic riser los mloog cov cua sov. Nws yog cov ntsiab lus me me, tsis txaus ntseeg - lub tes tsho hom, chills (cov khoom hlau muab tso rau hauv cov xuab zeb los kos cov cua sov), thiab lim qhov chaw - uas cais cov seem ntawm ib lub suab.
Tom qab Casting Reality: Ntxuav, Tiav, thiab Machining Handoff
Ib feem los ntawm cov xuab zeb, thiab kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag pib. Shakeout, txiav tawm ntawm lub rooj vag thiab risers (cov rooj vag feem ntau raug tshem tawm nrog ib tug bandsaw los yog abrasive cutter, risers yuav xav tau ib lub teeb rau hlau), tua blasting los ntxuav qhov chaw. Qhov no yog kev siv zog ntau thiab feem ntau tsis saib xyuas hauv kev npaj. Ib tug complex geometry nrog cov kab lus sab hauv yog npau suav phem los ntxuav. Xuab zeb tau daig. Yog tias koj tab tom ua lub cev lub cev, koj zoo dua muaj cov qauv tsim zoo thiab cov txheej txheem knockout, lossis koj yuav siv sij hawm nrog pneumatic chisels thiab rods.
Qhov saum npoo tiav los ntawm xuab zeb casting yog, frankly, ntxhib. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo nkauj. Rau ntau daim ntawv thov, nws zoo. Rau lwm tus, nws yuav tsum tau machined tawm. Nov yog qhov txuas tseem ceeb. Lub casting yuav tsum tau tsim rau clamping nyob rau hauv lub CNC zeb los yog tshuab dhos. Koj yuav tsum nrhiav cov ntaub qhwv, machined nto tsim raws li datums. Yog tias lub chaw tsim khoom thiab lub khw muag khoom yog cov chaw sib cais, qhov kev sib tw no yog fraught nrog ntiv tes taw. Koj casting yog warped. Koj machining fixturing yog lawm.
Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no yog qhov ua rau tus neeg muag khoom nyiam QSY yuam. Lawv coj rawv casting los ntawm lawv tus kheej hauv pem teb foundry, tsim cov txheej txheem machining nyob ib ncig ntawm paub txawv ntawm lawv xuab zeb casting txheej txheem-qhov yuav distortion, qhov tseeb qhov chaw ntawm txoj kab parting, lub residual stress state-thiab tshuab nws. Lawv tswj cov hloov pauv los ntawm ncuav mus rau qhov kawg. Rau ib tus kws tsim khoom tsim khoom, qhov txuas ntxiv no txo qis kev pheej hmoo loj heev. Koj tsis yog yuav ib qho casting xwb; koj tab tom yuav cov txheej txheem khiav uas tau debugged tshaj 30 xyoo ntawm kev ua cov khoom zoo sib xws, los ntawm plhaub molding rau precision xuab zeb casting rau tej thiab loj, tag nrho txoj kev mus rau qhov kawg machined dimension.
Yog li, Thaum twg Koj Xaiv Sand Casting?
Nws tsis yog lo lus teb rau txhua nqe lus nug hlau. Nws yog rau thaum koj xav tau geometric complexity uas tsis tuaj yeem yooj yim forged los yog machined los ntawm Tshuag, tab sis koj tsis xav tau qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws ntawm peev casting. Nws yog rau qhov nruab nrab mus rau qhov loj, los ntawm ob peb kilograms mus txog ntau tons. Nws yog rau cov alloys uas nyuaj rau kev ua lwm txoj hauv kev. Nws yog rau thaum tooling nqi rau tuag casting yog txwv tsis pub rau koj ntim.
Nws yog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj tsis tau zoo. Koj lees txais qee cov qauv, qee cov khoom lag luam ntxiv, qee qhov roughness, hauv kev sib pauv rau kev tsim qauv kev ywj pheej thiab tus nqi qis dua. Qhov tseem ceeb yog ua hauj lwm nrog lub foundry uas nkag siab txog cov kev lag luam tawm ntawm lub plab, uas tuaj yeem coj tus qauv tsim, thiab qhov ntawd muaj peev xwm ua rau qis qis kom xa cov khoom tiav, tsis yog qhov ntxhib casting xwb. Qhov ntawd yog qhov kev muaj tiag niaj hnub no ntawm cov txheej txheem qub. Nws tsis yog hais txog shovels thiab sparks ntxiv lawm. Nws yog hais txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv science, engineering, thiab kev sib sib zog nqus, qee zaum ntxhov siab, kev paub txog qhov tshwm sim thaum 1500-degree hlau ntsib cov xuab zeb.
Thaum kawg, ua tiav xuab zeb casting tsawg dua txog kev ua tiav ib kauj ruam thiab ntau ntxiv txog kev orchestrating tag nrho cov tsis zoo tag nrho yog li lawv qhov tsis zoo tso tseg. Koj sib npaug ntawm cov xuab zeb qhov tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv cov hlau shrinkage, tus qauv tus nqi tiv thaiv ib feem ntawm qhov ntim, qhov casting qhov roughness tiv thaiv cov nyiaj machining. Tau txais qhov sib npaug zoo, thiab nws tseem yog ib qho ntawm ntau yam thiab siv tau zoo tshaj plaws los ua ib feem hlau muaj. Ua tsis ncaj ncees lawm, thiab koj nyob nraum nrog ib daim ntawv kim heev.
