Thaum koj hnov 'lub tes tsho tshwj xeeb alloy', cov duab tam sim no feem ntau tsuas yog cov raj hlau qib siab xwb. Qhov ntawd yog thawj qhov kev xav tsis zoo. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, nws yog ib tug functional Cheebtsam uas txhais los ntawm nws ib puag ncig-kub heev, corrosive media, los yog relentless abrasion. Qhov 'tshwj xeeb' tsis yog kev lag luam fluff; nws yog qhov sib txawv ntawm ib feem uas kav ib lub caij thiab ib qho uas muaj sia nyob ntawm kev sib tw. Kuv tau pom ntau txoj haujlwm kho nws raws li cov khoom lag luam, tsuas yog ntsib kev ua tsis tiav ntxov thaum FAT. Qhov kev sib tw tiag tiag tsis yog xaiv ib qho Ni-Cr lossis Co-based alloy los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv; nws to taub yuav ua li cas cov txheej txheem tsim, los ntawm casting mus rau tag, locks nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua tau zoo-los yog qhia zais flaws.
Lub Core Misunderstanding: Khoom vs. Component
Feem ntau cov ntawv tshwj xeeb tsom rau cov alloy muaj pes tsawg leeg: Inconel 625, Hastelloy C-276, Stellite 6. Qhov ntawd yog qhov pib, tsis yog qhov kawg. Kuv nco qab txog qhov project rau cov neeg siv khoom petrochemical uas peb tau txais ib qho tshwj xeeb alloy tes tsho teev raws li Inconel 718. Nws tau kuaj xyuas tag nrho cov thawv tshuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau tawg nyob rau hauv thermal cycling hauv kev pabcuam. Kev ntsuam xyuas tsis ua haujlwm taw qhia tsis yog rau qib khoom, tab sis rau cov qauv lis. Nws tau raug machined los ntawm bar Tshuag, thiab cov nplej ntws tsis ncaj ncees lawm rau axial thiab radial stresses nws pom. Ib qho cam khwb cia, txawm tias muaj tib yam nominal chemistry, yuav muaj cov qauv isotropic zoo dua rau kev thauj khoom. Nov yog ib zaj lus qhia uas koj tsis txhob hnov qab.
Qhov no yog qhov uas tus foundry qhov kev paub dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Ib lub tuam txhab zoo li Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), nrog lawv peb lub xyoo caum hauv plhaub thiab peev casting, nkag siab qhov no implicitly. Lawv tsis yog muag hlau xwb; lawv muag ib txoj kev. Rau ib tshwj xeeb alloy tes tsho destined rau lub twj tso kua mis kub, cov peev txheej casting lawv muab tuaj yeem tsim qhov ze-net-puab ib feem nrog kev tswj hwm, cov qauv zoo nplej uas muaj peev xwm tiv taus thermal qaug zog piv rau ib feem hogged tawm ntawm forged bar. Qhov txawv yog nyob rau hauv microstructure, ib yam dab tsi ib tug procurement tub ceev xwm nyeem ib tug qauv tej zaum yuav tsis xav txog.
Kev xaiv ntawm casting thiab machining los ntawm cov khoom tsis yog tus nqi xwb. Nws yog hais txog kev ua haujlwm geometry. Feem ntau, lub tes tsho xav tau cov kev sib txuas sab hauv kom txias lossis ib qho flanges. Machining cov no los ntawm bar Tshuag yog khib nyiab thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov khoom ncaj ncees. Lub tes tsho cam khwb cia tso cai rau cov yam ntxwv no los ua ib feem ntawm qhov pib zoo, khaws cia cov hlau txuas ntxiv mus. Kuv tau ua haujlwm nrog QSY ntawm cov qauv uas qhov kev ua haujlwm no tau txo qis 25% tawm ntawm qhov hnyav thiab txhim kho cov cua sov kom zoo dua los ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua cov phab ntsa thiab sib xyaw ua kom txias ribs ncaj qha rau hauv pwm tsim - ib yam dab tsi ua tsis tau nrog cov qauv raj.
Dab ntxwg nyoog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus: txheej txheem thiab tswv yim hurdles
Casting ib tshwj xeeb alloy tes tsho tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm push-button. Cov alloys no feem ntau viscous nyob rau hauv lub xeev molten thiab nquag muaj teeb meem xws li micro-shrinkage. Thaum ntxov hauv kuv txoj hauj lwm, peb muaj ib pawg ntawm cobalt-raws li alloy lub tes tsho uas dhau qhov kev soj ntsuam qhov ntev tab sis ua tsis tiav hauv kev sim siab. Tus neeg ua txhaum yog micro-porosity, pom tsis tau ntawm lub qhov muag, stemming los ntawm qhov rooj tsis txaus thiab riser tsim thaum lub sij hawm casting. Nws tsis yog cov khoom tsis ua haujlwm; nws yog ib qho kev ua tsis tiav. Kev daws nws yuav tsum tau kho qhov ntsuas kub thiab hloov kho pwm lub tshuab pub khoom noj - kev paub txog kev paub uas los ntawm ntau xyoo ntawm kev sim thiab yuam kev hauv pem teb foundry.
Kev ua haujlwm tom qab casting tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb. Noj kev kho cua sov. Rau ntau cov nickel-raws li alloys, kev daws annealing thiab aging yog non-negotiable kom ua tiav qhov xav tau precipitate hardening. Tab sis lub sij hawm-kub nkhaus yog rhiab heev. Kuv tau pom lub cub tawg kub dhau 30 ° C thaum laus, uas ua rau muaj kev laus dhau. Lub tes tsho tau me ntsis softer dua li teev, ua rau kom nrawm hnav hauv daim ntawv thov slurry. Lub batch yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg. Nws underscores uas tswj tag nrho cov nqi saw, los ntawm yaj mus rau zaum kawg kho cua sov, yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tus neeg muag khoom muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm hauv tsev, zoo li QSY's CNC department, yog qhov zoo dua qub vim nws tso cai rau kev tswj xyuas cov txheej txheem.
Tom qab ntawd muaj qhov tiav. Qhov saum npoo ruaj khov ntawm a tshwj xeeb alloy tes tsho khiav tawm ntawm lub foob los yog cov kabmob yog qhov tseem ceeb. Lub tshuab ua tiav nrog cov cuab yeej kos lossis cov ntug tsim tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov chaw nucleation rau cov kab nrib pleb lossis ua kom nrawm hnav. Peb tau kawm kom qhia meej tsis yog tus nqi Ra xwb, tab sis qee zaum qhov tsis yog kev taw qhia tiav (xws li vibratory xov) rau qhov tseem ceeb sealing nto. Nws yog ib qho me me, tab sis ntawm lub tes tsho rau lub tog raj kheej hydraulic hauv subsea actuator, qhov saum npoo tiav ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev sib khi lub neej thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov dej paug.
Daim Ntawv Thov Ntiaj Teb tiag tiag thiab Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Tsis Zoo
Wb tham txog ib rooj plaub. Peb tsim ib tshwj xeeb alloy tes tsho rau cov ncej sib dhos ntawm cov kiv cua loj centrifugal hauv cov nroj tsuag pov tseg-rau-zog. Ib puag ncig yog lim hiam: hloov pauv kub mus txog 750 ° C, thiab corrosive flue gas condensate. Tus tsim thawj zaug siv lub tes tsho stainless hlau generic nrog ceramic txheej. Nws spilled hauv lub hlis. Kev tsim kho dua tshiab tau hloov mus rau centrifugally cam khwb cia Ni-Cr-Mo alloy (zoo ib yam li Alloy 625), uas tsim los ntawm cov kws tsim khoom tshwj xeeb. Tus yuam sij tsis yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm alloy xwb; nws tau tsim lub tes tsho nrog ib qho kev cuam tshuam me ntsis haum rau kev tswj cov thermal expansion sib txawv nrog cov pa roj carbon steel ncej, thiab qhia meej tus ID kam rau ua tom qab kev teeb tsa honing.
Lwm qhov xwm txheej muaj xws li hnav lub tes tsho hauv cov khoom siv mining. Ntawm no, abrasion yog thawj yeeb ncuab. Lub tes tsho steel ncaj ncaj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau ib ntus, tab sis lub tes tsho cobalt-based Stellite alloy, siv los ua ib qho kev sib txuas los yog cam khwb cia ua tiav cov khoom, muaj qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov zoo dua hnav lub neej. Tus nqi siab dua, tab sis tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov tswv cuab poob qis thaum koj ua rau lub sijhawm poob rau kev hloov pauv. Qhov ua kom yuam kev yog feem ntau siv cov tshwj xeeb alloy xaiv - raws li ib tug liner los yog nyob rau hauv high-hnav cheeb tsam ntawm lub tes tsho - khi los yog cam khwb cia rau ib tug tougher, tsis tshua kim substrate. Qhov no hybrid mus kom ze yog qhov tsim thiab cov khoom txawj ntse sib koom ua ke tiag tiag.
Kev ua tsis tiav yog cov kws qhia zoo tshaj plaws. Kuv ib zaug tshawb xyuas qhov tawg ntawm ob peb lub tes tsho 825 nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub exchanger. Cov khoom siv tau raug rau cov chlorides tam sim no. Kev soj ntsuam tsis ua haujlwm, txawm li cas los xij, taug qab nws mus rau chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Lub hauv paus ua rau? Residual tensile stress los ntawm kev nruj heev dhau machining dhau thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tho txawv kawg. Cov kev daws teeb meem tau hloov mus rau qhov ntsuas maj mam machining parameter thiab ntxiv cov kauj ruam uas tsis tshua muaj kev ntxhov siab. Cov khoom muaj peev xwm, tab sis kev tsim khoom-vim kev ntxhov siab thawb nws hla ntug mus rau qhov tsis ua haujlwm.
Kev Pabcuam thiab Kev Sib Koom Tes: Kev Sib Raug Zoo ntawm Tus Neeg Muag Khoom
Qhov no coj kuv mus rau qhov ua tau zoo: kev tsim khoom. Koj tsis yog yuav ib tug xwb tshwj xeeb alloy tes tsho los ntawm catalog. Nws yog kev sib koom tes tsim kho. Thaum koj koom nrog cov chaw tsim khoom, koj tab tom ntsuas lawv cov kev txhawb nqa metallurgical, lawv keeb kwm tsis ua haujlwm, thiab lawv txaus siab los daws teeb meem. Kev saib luv luv ntawm lub tuam txhab xws li QSY cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj (tsingtaocnc.com) qhia txog kev tsom mus rau casting thiab machining tshwj xeeb alloys. Qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntsug yog tus chij ntsuab. Nws txhais tau tias lawv tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau molten mus rau qhov kawg threaded qhov lossis hauv av nto, thiab lawv yuav muaj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm los qhia txog kev xaiv alloy rau cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb.
Kev sib tham yuav tsum pib nrog daim ntawv thov cov xwm txheej hauv ntiaj teb no: qhov kub thiab txias, thermal cycles, media (pH, muaj sulfides, chlorides), mechanical load (static, cyclic, impact), thiab hnav mechanisms. Ib tus neeg muag khoom zoo yuav nug cov lus nug no. Yog tias lawv tsuas yog sau rau ntawm daim ntawv luam tawm, ceev faj. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws uas kuv tau koom nrog kev sib koom ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg muab khoom siv ua haujlwm rau kev sib koom ua ke. Piv txwv li, xa lub tes tsho hnav rov qab mus rau QSY pab pawg kws tshaj lij rau lawv los tshuaj xyuas cov qauv hnav tuaj yeem qhia qhov kev rov ua dua tom ntej-tej zaum hais txog kev hloov ntawm nickel-raws li rau cobalt-based alloy kom zoo dua galling resistance.
Thaum kawg, prototyping thiab kev sim yog tsis-negotiable. Rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb, nws tsim nyog nqis peev hauv kev sim ua haujlwm luv luv. Muab lub tes tsho tus qauv tso rau hauv qhov chaw sim uas simulates qhov kev pabcuam phem tshaj plaws, lossis tsawg kawg, ua qhov kev sim ua lub neej nrawm. Cov theem no yuav qhia txog cov teeb meem uas tsis tau npaj tseg, xws li fretting ntawm kev sib txuas clamp los yog qhov tsis zoo rau cov tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb. Qhov kev rov ua dua tshiab no nrog tus neeg tsim khoom muaj peev xwm yog qhov hloov pauv tus qauv sib xyaw rau hauv kev txhim khu kev qha, kev siv tshuab-kev daws teeb meem.
Xaus Kev xav: Nws yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm zoo
Yog li, sau qhov no, a tshwj xeeb alloy tes tsho yeej tsis yog ib lub tes tsho xwb. Nws yog ib qho teeb meem kev tshawb fawb txog kev tsim khoom, kev sib tw tsim khoom, thiab kev tsim qauv tsim txhua yam dov rau hauv ib qho. Lub alloy yog lub hauv paus, tab sis tus nqi yog engineered los ntawm tus txheej txheem mastery thiab daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb tsim. Tsis quav ntsej txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem casting, kev kho cua sov, machining, thiab kev ua tiav zaum kawg yog txoj hauv kev rau qhov tsis ua haujlwm kim.
Kev lag luam tab tom txav deb ntawm kev saib cov no ua cov khoom tawm ntawm lub txee. Qhov sib txawv yog mus rau kev sib sib zog nqus kev koom tes nrog cov foundries thiab machinists uas muaj metallurgical qhov tob thiab kev muaj peev xwm ua nyob rau hauv ib lub ru tsev. Nws yog hais txog kev tsim ib qho kev tivthaiv uas cov khoom siv tau ua tiav thiab ua tiav nrog cov haujlwm pabcuam. Qhov ntawd yog qhov txawv ntawm ib feem uas yooj yim haum thiab ib qho uas ua haujlwm tiag tiag.
Thaum kawg, cov haujlwm ua tau zoo tshaj plaws kho lub tes tsho tsis yog ib yam khoom tsis zoo ntawm daim nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis ua ib qho tseem ceeb, ib feem ntawm lub cev loj. Nws cov kev xaiv thiab kev tsim khoom yuav tsum muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev paub thiab kev nyuaj-yeej, kev txiav txim siab zoo-qhov zoo uas tau pom ob peb yam tsis raug, thiab nkag siab vim li cas.
