Thaum koj hnov 'steel casting part', feem ntau lub siab dhia ncaj nraim mus rau qhov kawg cov duab - lub geometry ntawm daim duab. Qhov ntawd yog thawj qhov kev xav tsis zoo. Qhov tseeb tsis yog qhov zoo xwb; nws yog tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm cov hlau molten, pwm tus cwj pwm, qhov kev ntxhov siab txias kaw rau hauv, thiab feem ntau-pom tsis zoo tes uas tuaj tom qab shakeout. Nws yog cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv nrog lub cim xeeb, tsis yog ib qho yooj yim luam tawm los ntawm CAD.
Lub Plhaub Game: Ntau tshaj Xuab Zeb
Siv lub plhaub pwm casting, ib qho ntawm peb txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm QSY. Cov neeg xav tias nws tsuas yog hais txog qhov zoo ntawm qhov tiav, thiab nws yog - peb tab tom tham txog Ra 6.3 txog 12.5 μm ncaj qha tawm ntawm cov pwm. Tab sis qhov tseeb nuance yog nyob rau hauv resin-bonded xuab zeb lub collapsibility. Rau ib tug complex steel casting qhov chaw nrog rau sab hauv los yog nyias-walled seem, yog tias lub plhaub tsis tawm los tsuas yog thaum lub caij txias, koj tau kua muag kub. Tsis tawg koj pom tam sim ntawd, tab sis zoo, cov plaub hau tsis muaj zog uas tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev sim siab los yog machining. Peb tau kawm qhov no txoj kev nyuaj xyoo rov qab los ntawm lub twj tso kua mis vaj tsev series. Zoo meej qhov ntev, zoo nkauj tiav, tab sis 30% tsis ua hauj lwm tus nqi hauv hydro-test. Tus neeg ua txhaum? Lub plhaub formulation tau zoo heev rau qhov tshwj xeeb qis-carbon steel lub solidification shrinkage. Peb yuav tsum hu rov qab cov ntsiab lus resin rau txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb, ua rau me ntsis ntawm qhov pib pwm lub zog kom zoo dua collapsibility. Nws yeej tsis muaj ib qho teeb meem haum txhua yam.
Thiab lub rooj vag kaw lus rau plhaub pwm yog cov tsiaj nyaum sib txawv. Vim tias cov pwm yog nyias thiab meej, cov hlau ntws nrawm dua, txias dua. Koj tsis tuaj yeem siv tib lub riser xam raws li koj xav tau rau cov xuab zeb ntsuab loj loj. Peb feem ntau siv me me, ntau tus risers tso ze rau ntawm cov ntu tuab. Nws zoo li phau ntawv kawm tsawg, tab sis nws ua haujlwm. Lub hom phiaj yog pub cov shrinkage yam tsis tau tsim cov chaw kub kub loj uas ua rau thaj chaw sib cais. Qee zaum, qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm cov software simulation xav tau lub pragmatic, dab tuag tweak rau hauv pem teb foundry.
Kev xaiv khoom ntawm no tseem ceeb heev. Plhaub molding ua haujlwm zoo nkauj nrog cov pa roj carbon thiab cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau. Tab sis thaum peb nkag mus rau hauv qee qhov ntawm cov qib siab, quench-and-tempered, qhov cua txias sai rau hauv lub plhaub nyias tuaj yeem ua rau siab dua qhov xav tau hardness nyob rau hauv nyias qhov chaw, ua rau tom qab machining npau suav phem. Koj yuav tsum tau ua qhov zoo li-cam khwb cia microstructure txij thaum pib, qee zaum txawm kho cov hlau muaj pes tsawg leeg me ntsis nrog lub zeb los them rau peb lub voj voog thermal tshwj xeeb. Nws yog kev sib tham, tsis yog kev txiav txim xwb.
Kev nqis peev Casting: Precision ntawm tus nqi (ntawm Complexity)
Kev nqis peev casting, lossis poob-wax, yog qhov uas koj tau txais cov txuj ci tseem ceeb ze-net-zoo li. Tolerances nyob rau hauv ± 0.005 nti ib nti yog ua tau. Tab sis cov lus ua tau yog ua haujlwm ntau. Cov txheej txheem siv quav ciab nws tus kheej qhia txog qhov sib txawv - txhaj tshuaj kub, siab, tuag kub. Kev hloov pauv ntawm ob peb degrees tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov quav ciab shrinkage, uas propagates ncaj qha rau hauv lub plhaub ceramic, thiab thaum kawg mus rau hauv cov hlau. Peb ib zaug tau siv ob lub lis piam caum ib qhov me me drift ntawm stainless hlau valve tivthaiv. Txhua yam hauv cov txheej txheem yog nyob rau hauv spec. Thaum kawg, peb saib huab cua. Nws yog lub caij ntuj sov lub lim tiam. Cov qauv siv quav ciab tau nqus dej noo los ntawm huab cua ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj thiab sib dhos, o puas tau me ntsis. Qhov kho? Climate-controlled staging rau cov ntoo siv quav ciab. Ib qho me me, tsis yog kev nthuav dav nrog cov txiaj ntsig loj heev.
Lub plhaub-tsev txheej txheem hauv peev casting yog ib qho kev kos duab ntawm txheej. Txhua slurry dip, txhua daim ntawv thov xuab zeb stucco, cuam tshuam rau lub plhaub kawg lub permeability thiab lub zog. Ntau dhau permeable, thiab cov hlau yuav nkag mus, ua rau lub ntsej muag ntxhib. tuab heev, thiab koj yuav raug lub plhaub tawg thaum lub sij hawm kub kub kub tawm los yog nchuav. Rau qhov tseem ceeb steel casting qhov chaw zoo li lub tshuab turbine los yog cov khoom cog kev kho mob, peb yuav siv cov khoom sib txawv rau cov thawj (lub ntsej muag) lub tsho - tej zaum zirconia es tsis txhob ntawm silica - rau cov tshuaj zoo inertness tiv thaiv cov reactive steel alloy. Qhov no tsis yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia tus qauv; nws tau tsim los ntawm ntau xyoo ntawm kev sim thiab ua yuam kev, thiab ob peb cov khoom kim heev.
Tom qab ntawd muaj dewaxing. Chav autoclave muaj ntau, tab sis rau cov pawg loj los yog ntau dua, siv flash firing. Tau txais cov kauj ruam no tsis ncaj ncees lawm, thiab lub plhaub tawg los ntawm cov kab nrib pleb nthuav dav. Lub plhaub tawg tsis yog ib txwm txhais tau tias pom cov hlau xau; Qee zaum nws tsuas yog ua rau fins lossis veining ntawm qhov chaw casting. Tej zaum koj yuav tsis pom nws mus txog thaum tom qab cov ceramic raug khob. Tias yog vim li cas cov txheej txheem tswj cav rau txhua pawg yog kub. Koj yuav tsum taug qab rov qab. Puas yog autoclave siab nkhaus hnub ntawd? Puas yog qhov kub ntawm pawg ua ntej dewaxing zoo ib yam? Nws yog kev nrhiav haujlwm.
CNC Machining: Qhov twg Casting Tiag tshwm sim
Qhov no yog qhov uas theoretical casting ntsib kev muaj tiag tiag. A steel casting qhov chaw tsis yog ib qho kev thaiv ntawm cov khoom siv billet. Koj qhov kev txiav thawj zaug qhia koj txhua yam. Lub suab ntawm lub cuab yeej, xim ntawm cov nti, txoj kev txiav cov kua dej ntws. Peb khiav peb tus kheej CNC machining division nyob rau hauv-tsev precisely rau no lub tswv yim voj. Koj tsis tuaj yeem cais casting ntawm machining yog tias koj xav tau kev sib xws.
Thawj qhov kev sib tw yog kev tsim datum. Koj khaws koj qhov zeros qhov twg ntawm qhov ntxhib, zoo li-cam khwb cia saum npoo? Peb feem ntau nrum rau ntawm me me, tsa cov ntaub qhwv rau ntawm qhov chaw tsis tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau kev ua cov khoom siv. Lawv tau machined tawm hauv cov kauj ruam kawg. Yog tias koj tsis npaj rau qhov no hauv tus qauv tsim, koj yuam kom tus kws kho tshuab nrhiav qhov, uas qhia txog qhov sib txawv. Kuv tau pom cov khoom seem vim tias cov casting hloov me ntsis hauv cov pwm, thiab tsis muaj qhov txhim khu kev qha datum ncoo, lub tshuab ua haujlwm dhuav qhov uas yog technically luam tawm tab sis ua rau qhov tsis ua haujlwm.
Ncua qhov tsis xws luag qhia lawv tus kheej ntawm no. Ib qho me me shrinkage porosity, pom tsis tau rau X-ray yog tias nws yog micro, yuav ua rau lub cuab yeej sib tham lossis txawm tawg thaum nws tsoo qhov chaw ntawd. Ib qho chaw nyuaj los ntawm kev ua kom txias sai yuav hnav cov carbide ntxig hauv vib nas this. Peb cov machinists yog cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas zaum kawg. Lawv teev cov kev sib ntsib no: Cov cuab yeej hnav ntau dhau ntawm lub ntsej muag B, xav tias qhov sib txawv hauv zos hardness variation. Lub cav ntawd rov qab mus rau qhov chaw tsim khoom metallurgist. Tej zaum peb yuav tau hloov kho qhov kub thiab txias los yog qhov kev tso chaw riser rau thaj tsam ntawd. Qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm QSY no yog qhov hloov pauv qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo rau hauv ib qho kev txhim khu kev qha, ua haujlwm tau zoo. Nws tsis yog khawv koob; nws yog kev sib txuas lus, ci rau hauv kev ua haujlwm 30 xyoo.
Thiab fixturing. Machining ib tug casting tsis zoo li machining ib tug weldment. Koj tsis tuaj yeem tuav nrog lub zog tsis zoo. Castings muaj residual kev nyuaj siab. Tshaj-clamping tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov seem, yog li koj tshuab nws square tsuas yog kom nws lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tawm ntawm kev ua siab ntev ib zaug tso tawm. Peb siv cov kev ntxhov siab-relief annealing ua ntej machining rau qhov tseem ceeb, thiab peb tsim fixtures uas tuav ruaj tab sis tso cai rau me ntsis ntawm ntuj txav. Qee lub sij hawm, koj siv ib qho kev sib tw, loosen cov clamps, cia nws so, rov torque, ces mus rau qhov kawg. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau dua, tab sis nws txuag tau ib feem.
Cov Khoom Maze: Hlau tsis yog hlau xwb
Kev qhia cov hlau tsis muaj qab hau. Puas yog peb tham 1020 low carbon? 4340 alloy hlau? 17-4 PH stainless hlau Los yog cov kab txawv txawv ntawm duplex stainless lossis cobalt-based alloys zoo li Stellite 6? Txhua tus coj zoo li tus tsiaj sib txawv hauv qhov chaw tsim khoom. Cov steel casting qhov chaw rau lub twj tso kua mis slurry hnav phaj nyob rau hauv ib tug cobalt-chromium alloy yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi nyob rau hauv ntau, txheej txheem-wise, nrog ib tug 1045 carbon steel iav dawb paug.
Cov pa roj carbon steel yog qhov zam txim rau, tab sis lawv yooj yim rau shrinkage thiab xav tau kev noj zaub mov zoo. Cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau zoo li 4140 muaj qhov ua tau zoo dua qub, uas yog qhov zoo rau cov khoom kawg tab sis tuaj yeem ua rau tawg thaum lub caij txias yog tias cov pwm tsim nruj dhau. Austenitic stainless hlau (304, 316) muaj cov nqi shrinkage siab - kwv yees li ob zaug ntawm carbon steel - thiab nws muaj feem ua rau kub kua muag. Lawv lub rooj vag system yuav tsum tau tsim los txo qis thermal txwv. Pouring kub yog nruj dua; kub heev, thiab koj tau txais tag nrho kev cais thiab cov nplej loj; txias heev, thiab huab cua khiav los yog txias kaw.
Tom qab ntawd koj muaj cov qib los nag-ua tawv zoo li 17-4 PH. Cov khoom kawg zoo heev, tab sis cov txheej txheem casting yuav tsum tau ua kom huv si kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib koom ua ke uas ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab. Thiab kev kho cua sov tom qab machining yog tsis-negotiable; koj tsis tau txais cov specs tsis muaj nws. Peb feem ntau ua cov tshuaj kho mob (Tshooj A) tom qab kev siv tshuab ntxhib, tom qab ntawd lub tshuab zaum kawg, tom qab ntawd kev laus kho. Nws yog kev seev cev ntawm thermal cycles thiab tshem tawm cov khoom. Kev ua tsis ncaj ncees txhais tau tias yog ib feem uas ntsuas txoj cai tab sis yuav ua tsis tiav ntxov hauv daim teb. Peb qhov kev paub nrog cov alloys tshwj xeeb ntau xyoo dhau los txhais tau tias peb muaj cov txheej txheem no-feem ntau kev cai-tsim rau ib tus neeg thov kev thov-raug rau lub suab nrov.
Kev Ua Tsis Taus Ua Tus Xib Fwb: Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav
Koj tsis kawm los ntawm cov dej zoo meej. Koj kawm los ntawm cov uas mus yuam kev. Thaum ntxov ntawm kuv lub sijhawm ntawm no, peb tau xaj kom loj, tuab-section ductile hlau brackets-zoo li cov qauv siv rau cov hlau. Lawv khaws cia tawg hauv lub vev xaib tom qab kev kho cua sov. Zoo nkauj castings, ces ping - tawg. Peb tau liam tias qhov kev kho cua sov pib pib. Tom qab kev tshuaj ntsuam metallurgical, qhov txhaum yog nyob rau hauv lub casting nws tus kheej: micro-shrinkage porosity uas ua raws li ib tug tawg pib. Cov risers loj txaus, tab sis lawv tau muab tso rau qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Lawv tau pub rau sab saum toj ntawm ntu, tab sis qhov porosity tau tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kub kub ntawm qhov kev sib tshuam lub simulation ploj. Peb yuav tsum tau ntxiv ib qho me me, sab nraud txias-ib daim ntawm tooj liab tso rau hauv lub pwm phab ntsa-kom yuam kom qhov kev sib tshuam ua ntej. Teeb meem daws tau. Tam sim no, rau ib qho tuab, sib tshuam geometry, peb xav txog chills li proactively li peb xav txog risers.
Lwm classic: misruns ntawm nyias seem. Daim duab hu rau phab ntsa 3 hli hauv ib cheeb tsam. Koj nchuav, thiab ntu ntawd tsis tiav. Cov lus teb yooj yim yog nce pouring kub. Tab sis qhov ntawd tuaj yeem ua rau lwm yam teeb meem xws li xuab zeb hlawv los yog cov nplej loj dua. Qee lub sij hawm cov lus teb zoo dua yog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau pwm pwm yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom cov pwm pwm hauv zos los ntawm kev tso cov ntu kom ze rau ntawm lub rooj vag lossis txawm tias siv lub tes tsho exothermic nyob ib ncig ntawm qee qhov ntawm lub rooj vag kom cov hlau ua kua dej ntev dua hauv txoj kev tshwj xeeb. Nws yog hais txog kev coj cov cua sov, tsis yog tsuas yog ntxiv ntau thoob ntiaj teb.
Cov kev qhia no tsis nyob hauv cov phau ntawv kawm ntau. Lawv tau sau nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov khoom seem thiab xa khoom xa tuaj. Lawv yuam kom koj saib tag nrho cov txheej txheem - tus qauv, pwm, hlau, qhov txias txias, shakeout, tu, machining - raws li ib qho kev sib tshuam. Ib qho kev hloov ntawm qib ib ripples mus txog rau qib kaum. Qhov ntawd yog cov khoom siv tes ua tiag tiag ntawm kev ua ib qho steel casting qhov chaw. Nws tsis yog kev ua haujlwm tsis sib xws; nws yog ib qho kev hloov pauv tas mus li uas koj sim ua kom yug me nyuam mus rau qhov kev txiav txim tiav. Thiab qee hnub, cov hlau muaj nws lub tswv yim. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau mloog ze dua lwm zaus.
