Thaum ib tug neeg hais tias 'hom hmoov metallurgy', feem ntau lub siab dhia ncaj nraim rau cov xovxwm classic-thiab-sinter. Qhov ntawd yog tus neeg ua haujlwm, paub meej, tab sis nws tsuas yog lub rooj vag pib xwb. Kev sib tham tiag tiag pib thaum koj nug: dab tsi yog txoj haujlwm kawg ntawm ntu? Puas yog nws yooj yim, tsis tshua muaj kev ntxhov siab bushing, los yog nws puas yog ib qho turbine tivthaiv pom qhov kub thiab txias zog? Qhov kev sib txawv ntawd hloov koj ntawm ib ceg ntawm cov cuab yeej no mus rau lwm qhov nkaus. Kuv tau pom ntau tus qauv tsim los nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas tus engineer tau teev cov khoom siv qib tab sis tsis tau muaj kev sib tw nrog kev tsim cov kev cuam tshuam rau lub neej qaug zog lossis qhov ruaj khov. Qhov sib txawv ntawm CAD qauv thiab sintered kev muaj tiag yog qhov twg tiag tiag hom hmoov metallurgy nyob.
Xovxwm thiab Sinter: Lub hauv paus thiab Nws Qhov Kev Txwv Tsis Pom
Cia peb pib nrog lub ubiquitous ib. Koj siv cov hmoov hlau, feem ntau yog cov hlau sib xyaw nrog qee cov tooj liab, npib tsib xee, thiab graphite pre-alloyed los yog blended, compress nws nyob rau hauv ib tug nruj tuag nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, ces sov nws nyob rau hauv ib tug tswj qhov cub. Cov bonds tsim los ntawm solid-state diffusion. Nws ua tau zoo heev rau cov ntim siab, zoo li tsim. Iav, sprockets, cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom siv - suav tsis txheeb.
Tab sis ntawm no yog qhov ntes txhua tus glosses tshaj: ntom. Cov ntawv xovxwm-thiab-sinter feem ntau yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 92-95% ntawm qhov theoretical ntom ntom. Qhov porosity seem yog qhov zoo rau ntau daim ntawv thov, tab sis nws tua cov khoom muaj zog. Lub zog qaug zog nkhaus flattens tawm poob siab thaum ntxov. Kuv nco qab txog qhov project rau lub twj tso kua mis hydraulic qhov twg cov qauv pib los ntawm lub khw P / M tus qauv ua tsis tau sai dua li cov hlau wrought sib npaug hauv kev sim siab. Lub hauv paus ua rau tsis yog cov khoom siv chemistry; nws yog cov microscopic pores ua raws li kev ntxhov siab concentrators. Peb yuav tsum hloov peb txoj kev xav.
Qhov no yog qhov chaw alloy systems thiab lubricants tseem ceeb heev. Ib qho FN-0205 (hlau nrog 2% npib tsib xee thiab 0.5% graphite) yuav coj txawv txawv ntawm FC-0208 (nrog 2% tooj liab) thaum sintering, cuam tshuam qhov kev hloov pauv thiab lub zog kawg. Thiab qhov dej lwg taw tes ntawm koj lub qhov cub cua? Qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txo qis oxide, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog cov ntsiab lus xws li chromium lossis manganese. Ua tsis ncaj ncees lawm, thiab koj muaj ib feem nkig. Nws tsis yog ib qho txheej txheem xwb; nws yog chemistry sim nyob rau hauv tshav kub.
Thaum Qhov ntom ntom tsis sib tham: Hlau Txhaj Moulding thiab Tshaj
So, what if you need near-full density and a complex shape that machining from bar stock would waste 80% of the material? Qhov ntawd yog lub tebchaws ntawm Hlau Txhaj Moulding (MIM). Koj sib tov zoo heev, spherical hmoov nrog ib tug polymer binder, txhaj pwm nws zoo li yas, ces ua tib zoo tshem tawm cov binder (debinding) ua ntej sintering. Ib feem me me - nyob ib ncig ntawm 15-20% - tab sis sib npaug yog tias koj cov khoom noj yog homogeneous. Koj ua tiav qhov ntom ntom tshaj 98%, feem ntau ze 99%.
Qhov kev zoo nkauj ntawm MIM yog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus xws li cov xov sab hauv, undercuts, thiab nyias phab ntsa. Peb siv nws rau cov khoom siv phais mob, cov hlau tsis muaj steel 17-4 PH nrog rau txoj hlua khi txoj hlua. Machining nws yog npau suav phem ntawm fixtures thiab cov cuab yeej tawg. MIM ua nws ib zaug, raws li-sintered. Tab sis dab ntxwg nyoog nyob rau hauv lub debinding. Yog hais tias lub binder tsis tau muab tshem tawm tusyees, koj tau tawg los yog hlwv. Nws yog ib qho qeeb, me me thermal voj voog, tsis yog kev ua haujlwm brute-force.
Qhov no txuas mus rau lwm ceg: Kub Isostatic Pressing (HIP). Qee lub sij hawm koj siv nws tus kheej nrog cov hmoov hauv lub kaus poom (lub thawv HIPing), tab sis ntau zaus, nws yog txheej txheem thib ob los kaw cov porosity seem hauv qhov sintered. Peb yuav siv lub cev tseem ceeb hauv lub cev los ntawm kev nias-thiab-sinter thiab muab tso rau hauv HIP lub voj voog-siab argon siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Nws nyem cov pores sab hauv kaw, ua rau kev txhim kho ductility thiab siab ncaj ncees. Nws ntxiv tus nqi, tab sis rau cov khoom siv roj & roj, nws yog daim pib rau kev tsim nyog.
Txoj Kev Forging: Hmoov Forging thiab Nws Niche
Tom qab ntawd muaj hmoov forging. Koj ua ib tug preform ntawm cov pa nias, ces muab sintered (los yog tej zaum unsintered) preform thiab kub forge nws nyob rau hauv ib tug kaw tuag. This achieves full density and excellent mechanical properties, close to wrought forgings. Cov khoom yield yog superb. Nws yog ib qho mus-mus rau high-stress automotive Cheebtsam xws li txuas rods.
Tab sis tus nqi cuab yeej tseem ceeb, thiab koj xav tau ntim kom pom tseeb nws. Kev tswj xyuas thermal yog qhov nyuaj - tau txais qhov preform mus rau qhov kub zoo sib xws rau forging yam tsis muaj nplai lossis decarburization. Kuv tau pom cov kev sim siab uas tsis tsim nyog preform tsim ua rau forging folds (laps), ib qho tsis xws luag uas yog kev puas tsuaj loj heev. Nws yog hom hmoov metallurgy muaj zog, tab sis nws xav tau kev hwm rau cov khoom siv tes ua ntau npaum li cov hmoov science.
Additive Manufacturing: Tus Tshiab Frontier hauv Tsev Neeg
Koj tsis tuaj yeem tham txog hom hnub no yam tsis tau kov cov khoom siv ntxiv, lossis Powder txaj Fusion. Selective Laser Melting (SLM), Electron Beam Melting (EBM). Qhov no yog hmoov metallurgy hauv nws qhov kev nkag siab zoo tshaj plaws: tsim ib feem ntawm txheej los ntawm cov hmoov melting tag nrho nrog rau lub zog tsom. Qhov ceev tuaj yeem yog 99.9% + yog tias tsis muaj npe hu rau hauv.
Txoj kev ywj pheej yog kev hloov pauv, tab sis qhov kawg ntawm qhov kawg thiab kev ntxhov siab sab hauv yog kev lag luam tawm. Raws li-printed nto muaj ib tug yam ntxwv roughness los ntawm ib nrab melted hmoov hais, uas yog txaus ntshai rau qaug zog yog tsis kho. Thiab qhov seem ntawm kev ntxhov siab los ntawm cua kub ceev thiab txias yuav tsum muaj kev ntxhov siab los yog kub isostatic nias lub voj voog. Peb ntsuas nws rau kev cai, qis-ntim impeller tsim ntawm Qingdao Qiangsenyuan. Lub geometry yog zoo meej rau nws, tab sis rau qhov yuav tsum tau deg kev ncaj ncees thiab tus nqi ib feem ntawm peb ntim, peb thaum kawg mus nrog peev casting rau tus qauv khiav. AM yog lub cuab yeej zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis rau txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb, nws tsis yog lub cuab yeej zoo. Qhov ntawd yog qhov kev sib txawv tseem ceeb.
Qhov twg Casting thiab hmoov Metallurgy Roads Hla
Qhov no coj kuv mus rau qhov cuam tshuam tangent. Ntawm Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), nrog rau lawv lub xyoo caum hauv plhaub thiab peev casting, kev sib tham feem ntau tig mus rau cov khoom siv. Thaum tus neeg siv khoom xav tau ib feem ntawm nickel-based superalloy rau kev pabcuam kub, kev xaiv ntawm peev casting thiab hmoov metallurgy txoj kev zoo li HIP yog qhov tseem ceeb. Casting tuaj yeem tswj cov duab loj, cov duab zoo nkauj, tab sis cov qauv nplej thiab lub peev xwm rau micro-porosity yog qhov txwv. Hmoov HIPing muab rau koj zoo, zoo li microstructure, tseem ceeb isotropic zog. Qhov kev txiav txim hinges ntawm qhov loj, qhov nyuaj, cov khoom yuav tsum tau muaj, thiab ntau qhov loj. Qee zaum, qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws yog hybrid: siv cov cam khwb cia preform thiab tom qab ntawd siv cov hmoov-derived txheej ntawm thermal spray rau hnav tsis kam. Nws tsis yog hais txog ib qho zoo dua; nws yog hais txog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem.
Tus Txheej Txheem Tsis Pom Zoo: Cov Hmoov Nws tus kheej
Txhua hom pob khawm ntawm cov khoom pib: hmoov. Gas atomized, dej atomized, plasma rotated electrode txheej txheem (PREP) - cov txheej txheem ntau lawm txhais cov particle puab, loj tis, thiab sab hauv microstructure. Rau MIM, koj xav tau cov khoom zoo, kheej kheej kom zoo txaus thiab ntim. Rau cov pa nias, tsis xwm yeem, dej-atomized hais interlock zoo dua rau ntsuab zog. Yog tias koj ua haujlwm nrog cov hlau tsis muaj zog xws li titanium lossis cov alloys tshwj xeeb QSY cov npe (cobalt-raws li, npib tsib xee-based), hmoov tuav nyob rau hauv inert cua yog tsis-negotiable. Oxygen pickup yog ib qho ntsiag to killer ntawm ductility.
Kuv kawm qhov no nyuaj heev thaum ntxov. Ib pawg ntawm 316L stainless hmoov rau MIM muaj cov ntsiab lus noo noo ntau dua li cov spec. Nws ua rau binder-hmoov sib cais thaum lub sij hawm molding, ua rau voids uas tsuas yog tshwm sim tom qab sintering. Tag nrho cov batch yog seem. Cov hmoov yog lub hauv paus. Ib qho tsis muaj peev xwm kho tau hauv qab.
Yog li, thaum kuv xav txog 'hom hmoov metallurgy,' Kuv yeej xav txog tsob ntoo txiav txim siab. Pib nrog ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm, nws cov khoom yuav tsum tau muaj, nws cov geometry, thiab cov nqi tsim nyog. Txoj kev ntawd coj koj mus rau txoj hmoov zoo thiab txoj kev sib koom ua ke. Nws yeej tsis yog ib daim ntawv teev cov kev xaiv xwb; nws yog ib tug series ntawm technical thiab economic pauv-offs, nrog tus dab ntawm porosity lurking qab txhua yam kev xaiv. Lub hom phiaj yog xaiv cov txheej txheem uas ua rau tus dab ntawd ploj mus, lossis tsawg kawg ua rau nws tsis muaj mob rau lub neej xav tau.
