Cia peb ua siab ncaj, thaum cov neeg feem coob hnov 'cov khoom siv hlau nplaum', lawv pom ib tus kws kos duab ib leeg ua tib zoo rub cov duab puab beeswax ua ntej nws ploj mus hauv cov pa luam yeeb los hloov los ntawm gleaming hlau. Cov duab romantic ntawd yog ib feem ntawm zaj dab neeg, tab sis qhov kev muaj tiag - peb hu li cas peev casting-Nws yog ib qho gritty, meej, thiab feem ntau ntxhov siab ballet ntawm chemistry, thermodynamics, thiab ua siab ntev. Qhov loj tshaj misconception? Tias nws yog ib qho yooj yim, ib-kauj ruam 'poob ciab' txheej txheem. Tsis yog. Nws yog cov saw hlau, thiab txhua qhov txuas, los ntawm qhov pib siv quav ciab qauv mus rau qhov kawg shakeout, yog qhov muaj peev xwm ua tsis tiav. Kuv tau pom ntau castings scrapped los ntawm ib tug me me npuas npuas nyob rau hauv ib tug ceramic plhaub dua li ntawm tej metallurgical flaw. Qhov ntawd yog qhov chaw ua haujlwm tiag tiag.
Lub Wax yog qhov pib xwb
Txhua tus neeg obsesses dhau ntawm cov quav ciab, thiab tseeb, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tab sis hom siv quav ciab? Nws tsis yog artistic sculpting ciab. Peb siv engineered txhaj waxes, blends formulated rau tej shrinkage tus nqi, tshauv ntsiab lus, thiab rigidity. Ntawm ib qho chaw zoo li Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), nrog rau lawv cov xyoo caum hauv qhov kev ua si, lawv yuav muaj lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm waxes rau ntau txoj haujlwm. Ib tug nyias-walled aerospace bracket xav tau ib tug txawv ndlwg yam ntxwv dua li lub cev valve. Tau txais cov kev txhaj tshuaj tsis raug ntawm no - qhov kub thiab txias, siab, lub sijhawm voj voog - txhais tau tias tus qauv cuam tshuam tom qab. Thiab distortion ntawm lub wax theem multiplies nyob rau hauv lub kawg hlau ib feem. Kuv kawm tau tias txoj kev nyuaj thaum ntxov, ua ib pawg ntawm cov iav blanks uas yog mysteriously out-of-round; traced nws rov qab mus rau ciab txias heev maj mam nyob rau hauv lub tuag.
Cov qauv sib dhos, los yog 'tsob ntoo', yog lwm yam kev kos duab tsis zoo. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog sticking qhov chaw ntawm lub sprue. Koj tab tom tsim lub tshuab pub mis rau cov hlau molten. Yuav ua li cas koj taw qhia qhov chaw, txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov neeg khiav dej num, qhov chaw ntawm lub rooj vag - qhov no tag nrho dictates solidification. Cov rooj vag tsis zoo ua rau cov kab noj hniav shrinkage, qhov tsis xws luag sab hauv uas tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv X-ray. Kuv nco qab txog qhov project rau lub twj tso kua mis impeller nyob rau hauv duplex stainless hlau uas peb khaws cia tau txais porosity nyob rau hauv lub hub. Peb rov tsim kho cov ntoo siv quav ciab, ntxiv cov me me, cov hom phiaj feeder channel, thiab nws tshem tawm txoj cai. Nws yog cov tweaks no, yug los ntawm kev ua tsis tiav, uas cais lub khw ua haujlwm los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij.
Tom qab ntawd los ntawm thawj lub tsho tiv no, thawj ceramic dip. Qhov no tsis yog ib qho yooj yim dunk. Lub slurry, ib tug sib tov ntawm nplua silica hmoov thiab binder, yuav tsum tau ntub cov quav ciab zoo kawg nkaus kom ntes tau txhua yam. Ib qho me me thaj ua rau lub slurry tsis cling los ua 'fins' los yog pob ntawm lub casting. Lub stucco, los yog refractory xuab zeb, yog siv tam sim ntawd tom qab. Qhov loj me me ntawm thawj lub tsho tiv no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws - nws yog qhov ua rau koj ua tiav qhov chaw. Kuv tau siv sij hawm nrog lub tshuab ntsuas qhov sib piv zircon hmoov vs. fused silica rau thawj lub tsho tiv no ntawm ib feem yuav tsum muaj Ra 3.2 microinch tiav. Qhov kev xaiv tseem ceeb.
Lub Tsev Plhaub: Kev Xeem Ua Siab ntev
Tsim lub plhaub yog marathon, tsis yog kev sib tw. Koj siv lub tsho tiv no tom qab lub tsho tiv no, hloov ntawm slurry thiab nce coarser stucco (xws li aluminosilicate), cia txhua txheej qhuav tag rau hauv ib puag ncig tswj. Humidity yog yeeb ncuab ntawm no. High humidity slows ziab, ua rau lub plhaub tsis muaj zog. nrawm dhau, thiab koj tau tawg. Peb tsom rau 7 mus rau 9 txheej feem ntau, tab sis rau cov hlau loj loj, nws yuav yog 12 lossis ntau dua. Txhua txheej ntxiv tuab thiab lub zog los tiv thaiv ferrostatic siab ntawm cov hlau molten. Kuv tau muaj cov plhaub tsis zoo-kev puas tsuaj loj thaum lub sij hawm nchuav-vim tias peb maj nrawm lub voj voog ziab rau hnub ntuj sov. Ib zaj lus qhia kim heev ntawm kev hwm tus txheej txheem.
Dewaxing yog qhov uas 'poob ciab' lub npe los ntawm, thiab nws yog ib theem tsausmuag. Peb tsis yaj lub wax tawm maj mam. Tus qauv txheej txheem yog autoclave dewaxing: lub plhaub yog raug rau lub siab-siab chav, uas sai heats lub ciab, ua rau nws nthuav thiab ntws tawm. Yog tias lub plhaub tsis qhuav tag, lub zog siab tuaj yeem tshuab nws sib nrug ntawm sab hauv. Xwb, flash hluav taws dewaxing - pov lub plhaub rau hauv lub qhov cub kub - yog sai dua tab sis pheej hmoo rau thermal shock. Lub hom phiaj yog tawm hauv ib lub zoo meej, huv si ceramic kab noj hniav. Txhua qhov seem wax tshauv tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlau ntog tom qab.
Tom qab dewaxing, lub plhaub raug rho tawm haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 1000 ° C. Qhov no ua ob yam: nws kub hnyiab tawm ib qho kawg ntawm wax los yog binder, thiab nws sinters cov ceramic hais ua ke, tsim kom muaj zog, permeable pwm npaj rau pouring. Lub sijhawm tua hluav taws yog qhov tseem ceeb. Ramp sai heev, thiab thermal stress tawg lub plhaub. Lub plhaub raug rho tawm haujlwm yog tsis yooj yim tab sis incredibly resilient rau cua sov. Koj tuav nws nrog ib hom kev nruj kev hwm.
Pouring, Shakeout, thiab Moment of Truth
Pouring yog qhov ua yeeb yam. Cov pwm, tseem kub los ntawm lub qhov cub, muab tso rau hauv ib lub tais uas muaj xuab zeb puv rau kev txhawb nqa. Hlau - hais, a Nickel-raws li alloy rau lub turbine hniav - yog yaj nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev los yog induction rauv kom meej superheat kub. Lub ncuav yuav tsum ceev thiab tsis tu ncua kom tsis txhob txias kaw. Koj pom cov hlau dej nyab rau hauv lub khob sprue, thiab tom qab ntawd nws yog qhov kev ua si tos thaum nws khov kho. Lub plhaub lub thermal zog ncaj qha cuam tshuam cov qauv ntawm cov hlau. Tias yog vim li cas daim ntawv qhia ceramic yog li proprietary rau ntau foundries.
Thaum txias, nws yog lub sij hawm rau shakeout. Qhov no yog brute quab yuam ntsib finesse. Koj rhuav tshem lub plhaub ceramic tam sim ntawd, feem ntau nrog lub pneumatic rauj lossis lub rooj vibration. Nws nrov, ua haujlwm plua plav. Dab tsi yog sab laug yog cov ntoo hlau, npog hauv cov txheej txheem ceramic. Cov khoom raug txiav tawm ntawm lub hauv paus sprue siv abrasive log los yog band saws. Qhov no yog thawj zaug koj yeej pom cov khoom nyoos. Qhov kev xav thaum koj pom ib daim ntawv huv si, ua tiav qhov tshwm sim yog kev pab dawb huv. Qhov kev xav thaum koj pom ib seem uas ploj lawm los yog qhov loj me me? Ntshai.
Kev tu thawj zaug suav nrog xuab zeb blasting lossis tshuaj ntxuav kom tshem tawm cov khoom kawg ntawm lub plhaub. Ces kev tshuaj ntsuam pib. Dimensional checks, kev tshuaj xyuas qhov pom ntawm qhov tsis xws luag, dye penetrant testing rau cov kab nrib pleb. Rau cov khoom tseem ceeb, zoo li cov QSY tsim rau machining rau hauv qhov kawg, koj tsiv mus rau radiographic (X-ray) lossis kuaj ultrasonic kom pom qhov tsis zoo. Qhov no yog qhov uas cov kauj ruam dhau los raug txiav txim. Ib pawg ntawm porosity ntawm X-ray zaj duab xis feem ntau tuaj yeem taug qab rov qab mus rau qhov teeb meem ntawm cov qauv siv quav ciab lossis qhov chaw tsim kho qhov tsis zoo txij hnub ua ntej.
Vim Li Cas Nws Tsis Yog Ib Yam Ntawm Casting
Ntawm no yog qhov hais txog niaj hnub wax hlau casting: nws tsis tshua muaj qhov kawg ntawm kab. Lub as-cam khwb cia yog ib qho ze-net-zoo li dawb paug. Rau nws ua haujlwm, nws yuav luag ib txwm xav tau machining. Qhov no yog qhov kev sib koom ua ke tseem ceeb. Ib tug foundry uas to taub machining yog kub. Lawv yuav tsim cov casting nrog machining datums nyob rau hauv lub siab, ntxiv me me tab sis txaus Tshuag nyiaj pub dawb, thiab xav txog cov ntsiab lus clamping. QSY tus qauv muab ob qho tib si peev casting thiab CNC machining nyob rau hauv ib lub ru tsev ua rau kev nkag siab zoo. Lawv tuaj yeem nrum 17-4PH stainless hlau valve lub cev nrog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntsej muag sab laug li-cam khwb cia, paub meej npaum li cas cov khoom lag luam tawm mus rau lawv cov CNC mills kom tiav rau qhov zoo meej Ra 0.8. Nws tshem tawm cov ntiv tes taw ntawm qhov sib cais casting thiab cov khw muag khoom.
Kev xaiv cov khoom siv kuj tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem. Kev nqis peev casting excels nrog alloys uas nyuaj rau tshuab. Nws yog kev lag luam ntau dua los nrum ib qho nyuaj ntawm Inconel 718 dua li tshuab nws los ntawm cov khoom thaiv. Cov txheej txheem pov tseg yog tsawg heev. Rau cov khoom me me, xws li lub taub hau golf taub hau lossis kev cog hniav, lawv siv cov kab noj hniav ntau cov kab noj hniav thiab cov ntoo sib dhos. Rau qhov tsawg-ntim, loj qhov chaw-xav tias ib lub twj tso kua mis vaj tsev rau kev ua haujlwm tsuas-nws yuav yog ib tsob ntoo xuas tes ua los ntawm cov qauv ua los ntawm kev tsim qauv sai. Cov txheej txheem ntsuas, tab sis cov ntsiab cai tseem ceeb tsis hloov.
Kuv tau pom cov khw sim txiav cov ces kaum - rov siv slurry ntau zaus, ua kom lub sij hawm kom qhuav, hla tag nrho cov thermal tsom xam ntawm ib feem tshiab. Nws yuav luag ib txwm thim rov qab, ua rau cov khoom seem ntau dua uas tshem tawm txhua qhov kev xav tau nyiaj txiag. Cov tuam txhab uas kav ntev, zoo li cov uas muaj 30 xyoo keeb kwm, to taub nws yog ib qho system. Nws yog hais txog kev tswj ntau pua qhov sib txawv kom ua tiav qhov sib xws. Nws tsis yog khawv koob; nws yog meticulous, tej zaum tedious, tswj.
Kev xav zaum kawg: Ib Txoj Kev Kho Kom Zoo
Yog li, wax hlau casting, lossis peev casting, tsis yog ib qho txheej txheem. Nws yog lub moj khaum. Cov siv quav ciab yog qhov pib, tab sis lub plhaub ceramic yog lub siab tiag tiag, thiab lub metallurgy yog tus ntsuj plig. Kev vam meej nyob ntawm seb koj tswj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lawv li cas. Nws yog cov txheej txheem tsim nyog rau kev nyuaj, rau cov alloys uas luag ntawm cov cuab yeej txiav, thiab rau cov ntawv thov qhov kev ua tau zoo trumps txhua yam.
Rau cov engineers tsim ib feem tshiab, kuv cov lus qhia tsis tau thov yog tham nrog koj qhov chaw tsim khoom thaum ntxov. Tsis txhob xa tus qauv CAD zaum kawg rau kev tsocai. Koom nrog lawv hauv theem tsim-rau-kev tsim khoom. Kev hloov pauv me ntsis ntawm lub kaum sab xis, qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv, lossis lub qhov rooj hloov pauv tuaj yeem txhais tau tias qhov sib txawv ntawm 95% tawm los thiab 70% tawm los. Cov kws tshaj lij ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom sib koom ua ke tsis yog hauv kev nchuav hlau xwb; nws yog nyob rau hauv navigating tag nrho cov saw los ntawm siv quav ciab kom tiav machined tivthaiv.
Thaum kawg, dab tsi tawm ntawm lub plhaub ceramic tawg yog ntau dua li hlau. Nws yog qhov culmination ntawm ib ntu ntev ntawm kev tswj cov kauj ruam, txhua tus leaning ntawm qhov kawg. Thaum nws ua haujlwm, nws xav tias tsawg dua li kev tsim khoom thiab ntau yam zoo li alchemy, khwv tau los ntawm kev sim, kev ua yuam kev, thiab khaws cov grit. Nov yog zaj dab neeg tiag tiag tom qab siv quav ciab.
