Anthu ambiri akamva kutukuka kwa zitsulo za ufa, amajambula malaya a lab ndi zonyezimira, makina osindikizira okha. Nkhani zamakampani zimangokhudza zovuta za mawonekedwe a ukonde ndi ma aloyi atsopano, zomwe ndi zowona, koma zimawonetsa zenizeni, zobwerezabwereza zopangitsa kuti magawowa azigwira ntchito pagulu lenileni. Kupita patsogolo kwenikweni sikuli ufa kapena makina osindikizira; ndikuphatikizana kwa unyolo wonse - kuchokera ku feedstock kupita ku sintering kupita kuzinthu zina - ndi momwe zimasinthira kaganizidwe kapangidwe. Ndawona mapangidwe ambiri akulephera chifukwa mainjiniya adatchula gawo la P/M ngati kuti ndi billet yopangidwa ndi makina, kunyalanyaza mawonekedwe a anisotropic ndi gawo lofunikira la mlengalenga. Ndiko kumene kupita patsogolo kwenikweni kukuchitika, pothetsa kusiyana kumeneko.
Kudumpha Kwazinthu Sikuti Nthawi Zonse Kumene Mumaganizira
Inde, kupangidwa kwa ufa watsopano wopangidwa kale ndi alloyed, monga mitundu yofananira yolumikizana ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, ndikofunikira. Amapereka ma microstructures ofanana kwambiri. Koma kutsogola kothandiza kwa ife pakupanga kwakhala mu makina omangira ndi mafuta. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yanga ndikugwira ntchito ndi mnzanga pazoyika mipando ya valve, timagunda khoma ndi mphamvu zobiriwira. Gawolo limatha kung'ambika panthawi yotulutsa, osati panthawi ya sintering. Ufa unali wapamwamba, koma ndondomekoyi sinali. Tinasinthira ku combo yopangira mafuta opangira organic, yomwe inkawoneka ngati yobwerera m'mbuyo potengera chithunzi chaukadaulo wapamwamba, koma idathetsa vuto lomwe linalipo nthawi yomweyo. Chinali chikumbutso kuti sayansi ya zinthu zonyezimira nthawi zambiri imadalira izi, zowonjezera, zolemera za chemistry kuti zitheke.
Izi zimalumikizana mwachindunji ndikugwira ntchito ndi ma aloyi apadera. Kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndi mbiri yake yozama pakupanga ndalama ndi kupanga makina a cobalt ndi nickel-based alloys, amamvetsetsa izi mwachidziwitso. Mukachoka pakupanga ma aloyi olimbawa mpaka kuwapanga pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo za ufa, zovuta zimachulukana. Makhalidwe a ufa ndi osiyana, kutentha kwa sintering kumakhala koopsa, ndipo kulamulira kwamlengalenga (nthawi zambiri vacuum kapena high-purity hydrogen) kumakhala kosagwirizana. Kutsogola apa kutha kungokhala mawonekedwe odalirika a graphite omwe amachepetsa kusokonekera panthawi yanyengo yotentha kwambiri, zomwe mumangophunzira pakuyesa ndi zolakwika.
Kunena za kuimba, ndiye gawo lenileni lodzipangitsa kapena lopuma. Mutha kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino, koma ngati kutentha kwanu kwatsitsidwa ndi madigiri 20 pamalo otentha kwambiri, kapena ngati mung'anjo yanu yavuni mwatuluka pang'ono, mumatha kukhala ndi magawo omwe ali ndi mphamvu zosalimba kapena kuuma kosagwirizana. Ife kamodzi tinali ndi gulu la ufa zitsulo magiya a injini yaying'ono ya hydraulic yomwe idadutsa macheke koma idalephera pakuyesa kutopa. Wolakwa? Kutentha pang'ono kwa okosijeni panthawi yozizirira, komwe kumapanga kusanjika kosasunthika, kopyapyala kwa okusayidi pamalire ambewu. Sizinali kuwoneka ndi maso. Kutsogolaku kunali kugulitsa zida zowunikira nthawi yeniyeni, zomwe zimamveka ngati zodula mpaka zidapulumutsa ntchito yopanga.
CNC Machining: Wothandizira Wofunika, Osati Wopikisana naye
Pali kusiyana kwabodza pakati pa makina a P/M apafupifupi ndi CNC. Mphamvu yeniyeni ili mu mgwirizano wawo. Gawo likhoza kukhala 95% lopangidwa ndi atolankhani, koma 5% yomaliza - kulekerera koopsa, ngodya yakuthwa, kapena ulusi - ikufunika kukonza. Kutsogola ndikukonzekera njira iyi ya haibridi kuyambira pachiyambi. Mwachitsanzo, kutchula dzenje locheperako pang'ono mu sintered state, podziwa kuti likhala lotopetsa, limalola kupanga zida zolimba komanso kudzaza ufa.
Apa ndipamene wothandizana nawo ali ndi ziyeneretso zolimba zamakina ndizofunika kwambiri. Kuyang'ana pa Mtengo wa QSYmbiri, zaka makumi atatu mu CNC Machining si ntchito yowonjezera; ndi chidziwitso choyambirira cha ntchito zapambuyo-sintering. Kukonza gawo lachitsulo lopangidwa ndi sintered ndikosiyana ndi kukonza kapamwamba. The porosity zingakhudze moyo zida ndi pamwamba pamwamba. Muyenera kusintha liwiro, ma feed, ndipo nthawi zina gwiritsani ntchito ma geometries osiyanasiyana. Kutsogola mu P/M ndikopanda tanthauzo ngati simungathe kuyipanga nthawi zonse. Ndakhala ndikugwirizana nawo pamapulojekiti omwe tidapanga ndondomeko yobowola ya porous P/M flange, yomwe kwenikweni inali njira yopangira makina ogwirizana ndi kachulukidwe kazinthuzo. Protocol imeneyo inali yamtengo wapatali ngati mawonekedwe a ufa.
Webusaitiyi tsngtaocnc.com amawunikira ntchito zawo ndi nkhungu za zipolopolo ndi kuponya ndalama. Ndizosangalatsa kuganiza za kuphatikizika. Kupanga ndalama kumapanganso mawonekedwe ovuta, pafupi ndi ukonde. Kusankha pakati pa ziwirizi nthawi zambiri kumabwera ndi kuchuluka, zinthu, ndi zofunikira zamakina. Nthawi zina, kutsogola ndikungodziwa nthawi yoti musagwiritse ntchito zitsulo za ufa. Pazinthu zazikulu, zachitsulo zokhala ndi zovuta pang'ono, P/M imapambana. Kwa ma superalloy otsika omwe amafunikira kutentha kwambiri, kuponya ndalama kungakhale yankho. Ukatswiri wagona pakupanga chigamulo chimenecho.
Kuchulukana ndi Mfumu, Koma Kukhazikika ndi Ufumu
Buku lililonse limafotokoza za kupeza kachulukidwe kwambiri. Vuto lenileni la dziko lapansi ndikukwaniritsa kachulukidwe kofananira, makamaka m'magawo okhala ndi makoma oyima komanso mawonekedwe amitundu yambiri. Kutsogola komwe sikukhala ndi makina osindikizira okwanira ndikusintha kwa pulogalamu yofananira pophatikiza ufa. Zoyeserera zakale zinali zolondolera zankhanza. Tsopano, amatha kuneneratu kachulukidwe kachulukidwe kolondola modabwitsa, kulola kusintha kwa zida chida chimodzi chisanadulidwe. Tidagwiritsa ntchito kayeseleledwe kotereku kupanganso nkhonya ya sprocket, ndikuwonjezera taper yaying'ono yomwe sitikanayiganizira mwanzeru. Zinachepetsa kusiyana kwa kachulukidwe kuchokera pa 0.3 g/cm3 kufika pansi pa 0.1 g/cm3 kudutsa dzino. Izi zimatanthawuza mwachindunji ku machitidwe ovala mosasinthasintha.
Komabe, mapulogalamuwa ndi abwino monga momwe amalowetsamo. Makhalidwe amakangana a ufa polimbana ndi chitsulo chachitsulo, chomwe chimasintha ndi chinyezi komanso kusiyana kwa malo, ndizosiyana kwambiri. Muyenerabe kuyesa mayesero akuthupi. Kutsogola apa ndi njira yobwereza: yerekezerani, pangani, muyeseni (pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba monga CT scanner ya mamapu amkati), ndiye yeretsani chitsanzo choyerekeza. Ndizobwerezabwereza komanso zochedwa, koma ndi momwe mumapangira njira zolimba.
Kufunafuna kusasinthika kumeneku ndi komwe kumayendetsa makina osindikizira apamwamba kwambiri - osati othamanga, koma omwe ali ndi mphamvu zowongolera kudzaza, kusindikiza, ndi kutulutsa. Kukayika pang'ono panthawi yomaliza ya compaction stroke kungayambitse vuto. Ndi minutiae iyi yomwe imalekanitsa mawonekedwe a labotale ndikukonzekera kukonzekera. Pamene mukupereka zigawo za mzere wa msonkhano, zokolola za 99.5% sizokwanira. Muyenera 99.95%. Kupeza 0.45% yomalizayi ndipamene zaka zambiri zakuchitikira, monga zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa m'makampani omwe akhalapo nthawi yayitali, zimalipira.
The Alloy Conundrum ndi Supply Chain
Kugwira ntchito ndi ma alloys apadera monga faifi tambala kapena opangidwa ndi cobalt kudzera pa P/M ndi gawo la malire. Zowonjezereka ndizowoneka koma zimabwera ndi mutu. Ufawu ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri mumachita ndi zinthu zomwe zimafuna kuwongolera mpweya wabwino. Zopindulitsa, komabe, zitha kukhala zochititsa chidwi: zida zokhala ndi ma microstructures abwino, ofanana omwe sangathe kukwaniritsidwa kudzera mu kuponyera, kupereka kukana kwabwinoko kotentha kwambiri.
Koma nali vuto lenileni: fragility chain chain. Pantchito yokhudzana ndi chisindikizo cha nickel superalloy turbine turbine, wopereka ufa wathu wanthawi zonse anali ndi hiccup yabwino. Mpweya wa okosijeni mugulu lawo unali wochuluka kwambiri. Sitinathe kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Kupeza njira ina kwakanthawi kochepa kunali koopsa. Izi zidawonetsa kuti kutsogola pakuchita bwino kwazinthu sikungatheke ngati simungathe kupezera chakudya. Zinatikakamiza kuti tiyenerere ogulitsa angapo, yomwe ndi njira yotsika mtengo komanso yowononga nthawi yoyeserera ndi kuyesa. Iyi ndi mbali yaunsexy ya zipangizo zapamwamba.
Makampani omwe amayenda padziko lonse lapansi ndi ma aloyi awa, monga Mtengo wa QSY, mwina akhazikitsa njira zopezera zinthu komanso kumvetsetsa mozama zazitsulo. Chidziwitso chimenecho ndi chosinthika komanso chofunikira. Amamvetsetsa chifukwa chomwe mungawonjezere pang'ono chinthu chosowa padziko lapansi kuti muphatikizire ufa kuti muwongolere kachulukidwe ka sintered, chifukwa awonanso mfundo zofananira pakusungunula chemistry. Kuphatikizika kwa mungu kwa chidziwitso chochokera kuukadaulo wosiyanasiyana ndikomwe ndi njira yabata koma yamphamvu yopititsa patsogolo makampani.
Ndiye, Kodi Njira Yeniyeni Ndi Chiyani?
Kuyang'ana kudutsa malonda, njira ya Kuwonjezeka kwa Metallurgy ndi kusakanikirana ndi kuchenjera. Sizokhudza makina osindikizira atsopano ozizwitsa. Ndi pafupi kulumikiza ulusi wamapangidwe a digito (DFAM ya P/M), yokhala ndi kayesedwe kodziŵika bwino kwambiri, komangiriridwa ndi kuwongolera kolimba kwambiri, komanso kuthandizidwa ndi ukatswiri wapambuyo pokonza womwe umamvetsetsa mawonekedwe a sintered. Cholinga ndi kuchepetsa chinthu chodabwitsa.
Mapeto ake ndi kupanga zitsulo za ufa kukhala chisankho choyamba, osati kubweza, pa ntchito zovuta kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kutsimikizira akatswiri opanga mapangidwe kuti atha kupeza zida zodalirika, zogwira ntchito kwambiri popanda kumvetsetsa za ng'anjo yotentha. Chikhulupiliro chimachokera ku kusasinthika kowonetsedwa. Izi zimamangidwa pang'onopang'ono, kwa zaka zambiri, pothana ndi zovuta zosasangalatsa zakupsa kwamafuta ndi kapangidwe kake. Ndizochitika zonse zamakampani, zomwe zimakhala m'makampani omwe adutsa kusintha kwazinthu ndi ndondomeko, zomwe zimasintha kupita patsogolo kwapadera kukhala njira yodalirika yopangira. Chinthu chachikulu chotsatira chikhoza kukhala kulinganiza momwe timagawira chidziwitso chachinsinsi ichi, chopambana movutikira.
