Anthu akamalankhula za kutayika kwa sera, nthawi zambiri amalumphira molunjika kuchitsulocho - kutsanulira komaliza, chitsulo chomalizidwa kapena gawo la aloyi. Koma nkhani yeniyeni, yomwe imatsimikizira ngati mutapeza zogwiritsidwa ntchito kapena mulu wamtengo wapatali, imayamba kale kwambiri. Zimayamba ndi sera. Makamaka, ndi kusema izo. Izi sizikukhudza wosema mwaluso; ndi engineering mu sing'anga yofewa. Chodziwika bwino ndi chakuti chitsanzo chilichonse cha sera chidzachita, kuti ndondomekoyi idzakonza zolakwika zazing'ono. Ndiko kufulumira kulephera. Phukusi la sera ndilotsimikizirika; cholakwika chilichonse, chotchinga chilichonse, makulidwe aliwonse osagwirizana ndi khoma amapangidwanso mokhulupirika mu chipolopolo cha ceramic kenako ndi chitsulo chosungunuka. Ndawona ntchito zambiri zikulephera chifukwa wina adatenga siteji ya sera ngati ndondomeko yovuta. Ndi dongosolo.
Zofunika Si Sera Yake
Simungathe kungotenga kandulo. Popanga ndalama, timagwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zina, nthawi zambiri zosakanikirana ndi phula lachilengedwe komanso lopanga, ma resin, ndi zodzaza. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimatsimikizira chilichonse: momwe zimasema, momwe zimasungirira tsatanetsatane, malo ake osungunuka, ndipo mochititsa chidwi kwambiri, phulusa lake lotsalira pambuyo potopa. Sera yomwe ndi yolimba kwambiri imakhala yosasunthika, kuyika pangozi ming'alu pamene mukusema kapena pamene ikuzizira kuchokera mu jekeseni. Chofewa kwambiri, ndipo chimataya tanthauzo, chimapindika pansi pa kulemera kwake, kapena kusokonezedwa ndi zidindo za zala. Otsatsa ngati Freeman kapena M. Argueso ali ndi njira zawo, ndipo kupeza yoyenera ndi theka la nkhondo. Takhazikika pa sera ya buluu yolimba yapakati pa ntchito zambiri zapamanja — ili ndi dzino labwino pakusema ndipo sichitha zida mosavuta.
Kuwongolera kutentha ndikuvina kosalekeza. Semerani m'chipinda chozizira, ndipo sera ndi phula. Mu shopu yotentha, zimakhala zovuta. Ndimasunga mfuti yotentha pafupi kuti ndisasungunuke, koma kuti nthawi zina nditenthetse zida zanga kapena kufewetsa malo enaake kuti ndidulire mozama. Ndi njira tactile. Mumaphunzira kuwerenga sera ndi phokoso la tsamba ndi kupindika kwa kumeta. Kupiringa koyera, kosalekeza kumatanthauza kuti kutentha ndi kuthwa kwa zida ndizolondola. Fumbi la ufa limatanthauza kuti kwazizira kwambiri; kung'ambika, kung'ambika kumatanthauza kuti chidacho ndi chopanda phokoso kapena sera ndi kutentha kwambiri.
Apa ndipamene zokumana nazo kuchokera ku ntchito kwanthawi yayitali zimafunikira. Pamalo ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndi zaka zawo za 30 akujambula, amamvetsetsa kuti sayansi yakuthupi imafikira ku malo ogulitsira. Sera yosankhidwa kuti ikhale ma valve achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri idzakhala yosiyana ndi yamtundu wa cobalt-based alloy turbine blade. Kuwonjezeredwa kwa matenthedwe koyenera kumayenera kuganiziridwa kuti kuwonetsetsa kuti serayo ikucheperachepera m'njira yodziwikiratu, yomwe pambuyo pake imalipidwa ndi kapangidwe ka nkhungu. Ndi unyolo wolondola, ndipo ulalo woyamba ndi chemistry ya sera.
Zida Zamalonda: Kupitilira Mpeni
Aliyense amajambula scalpel kapena zida zamano. Izo ndi zofunika, inde. Koma mahatchi enieni nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa. Ndasintha ma spatula osawerengeka ndi zida za loop, ndikuzipinda kumakona ake kuti zifike pamipata yoyipa yachitsanzo chabwino. Pochepetsa ma voliyumu akulu, chodulira waya wotentha ndi chofunikira kwambiri, koma kuchiwongolera ndi luso-kutentha kwambiri ndipo chimasungunula tchanelo chachikulu, chozizira kwambiri ndipo chimakoka. Mukufuna kuti ikhale yotentha mokwanira kuti idutse ndi kukana pang'ono.
Ndiye pali nyali yonyozeka ya mowa. Osati kuunikira, koma kumaliza. Kudutsa kofulumira, mwaluso lawi lamoto pamwamba pa malo osemedwa—kulipsompsona—kumasungunula zizindikiro za chida chowoneka bwino kwambiri ndi kupanga khungu lopanda chilema. Sitepe iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti mukwaniritse zomwe zafotokozedwa pachithunzichi. Koma gwirani kachigawo kakang'ono ka sekondi motalika kwambiri, ndipo mumataya m'mbali zakuthwa ndi mwatsatanetsatane. Ndawononga njira zingapo chifukwa chosapirira ndi lawi lamoto. Ndi chikumbutso kuti iyi ndi njira yochotsera; inu simungakhoze kuwonjezeranso zinthu.
Kwa ma geometries ovuta, makamaka tikafuna mitundu ingapo yofanana ya sera, timasamukira ku jekeseni. Koma ngakhale zili choncho, mbuye woyamba - yemwe amapanga zida za aluminiyamu - adajambula pamanja. Mbuye ameneyo ayenera kukhala wangwiro. Sinki iliyonse, kuyang'anira koyenera kulikonse, kumachulukitsidwa. Ndimakumbukira ntchito yopangira chopondera pomwe mtundu wa CAD wamakasitomala unali ndi mbiri yokongola, yowuluka. Kujambula mu sera kuti mugwire zokhotakhota zobisika za mbuye wa nkhungu kunali masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa sabata yonse ndikuwongolera pafupipafupi ndi zoyezera mbiri. Chikombole cha CNC chopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu chochokera kwa mbuye wa serayo ndi chomwe akugwiritsa ntchito popanga phula lapamwamba kwambiri.
Mdyerekezi ali mu Kukonzekera (ndi Makulidwe a Khoma)
Ili ndiye lamulo losasinthika kwambiri popanga ma pattern poponya: ma angle ang'onoang'ono. Pamwamba uliwonse woyimirira uyenera kukhala ndi chotchinga pang'ono kuti choyimiracho chichotsedwe mu nkhungu, kapena ifeyo, kuti chipolopolo cha ceramic chituluke pakuwotcha. Kusalemba kumatanthauza kusweka kwa chipolopolo. Zikuwoneka zophweka, koma pazigawo zovuta ndi nthiti ndi ukonde, kusunga ndondomeko yokhazikika, yochepa (nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepa ngati 1-2 madigiri) pamene kujambula ndi diso ndi dzanja ndikuwerengera maganizo nthawi zonse. Nthawi zonse mumagwira gawolo pakona, kuyang'ana mizere yowonekera.
Kufanana kwa khoma ndi chimodzi mwakupha wina mwakachetechete. Gawo lokhuthala mwadzidzidzi mu sera lidzakhala malo otentha pakuponyera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shrinkage porosity ikhale yolimba. Mukamasema phula la phula, titi, nyumba, mumayesa ndi ma caliper nthawi zonse, kuwonetsetsa kuti kusintha kumachitika pang'onopang'ono. Cholinga chake ndikuwongolera kulimba kuchokera pazigawo za thinnest kupita ku zolemera kwambiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimafuna kuwonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera sera kapena zowumitsa pambuyo pake, koma maziko ake ayenera kukhala omveka. Ndinaphunzira izi movutirapo pa ntchito yoyambirira ya bracket. Kujambula kumawoneka bwino koma kunalephera pansi pa katundu. Radiography inavumbulutsa malo a spongy pomwe khoma langa la sera linali lalitali mamilimita angapo kuposa malo ozungulira. Vyuma vyavivulu vize vyapwile vyavilemu chikuma.
Makampani omwe amakhazikika pakupanga ndalama, monga Mtengo wa QSY omwe amasamalira chilichonse kuchokera ku nkhungu ya chipolopolo kupita ku makina a CNC, ali ndi mfundo iyi yophikidwa munjira yawo. Akatswiri awo amaonanso kamangidwe ka sera, ngakhale chosema pamanja, kamene kamakhala kolimba pakhoma ndiponso kagawidwe ka mafuta monga chinthu chofunika kwambiri, nthawi zambiri phula limodzi lisanadulidwe. Ndi cheke chogwirizana chomwe chimalepheretsa zolakwika zazikulu.
Msonkhano ndi Gating: The Unsung Geometry
Kawirikawiri ndi yomalizidwa kuponyera limodzi sera chitsanzo. Nthawi zambiri, mumasema zigawo padera ndikuzisonkhanitsa mumtengo wa sera pogwiritsa ntchito zida zotenthetsera ndi sera yapadera yolumikizira. Njira imeneyi ndi yosavuta mwachinyengo. Kuwotcherera kofooka apa kumatanthauza kuti chinthu chomwe chimagwa pakugwira chipolopolo. Kutentha kwambiri, ndipo mumasokoneza zinthu zosalimba zomwe mwangotha maola ambiri mukusema. Cholowacho chiyenera kukhala choyera komanso cholimba, popanda zingwe zamkati zomwe zingatseke mpweya kapena chipolopolo.
Kenako pamakhala chitseko—kumangirira ngalande za sera zomwe zidzasanduka njira zachitsulo chosungunuka. Uku sikumangomamatira pa ndodo za sera. M'mimba mwake, kutalika, ndi kulumikiza ngodya ya chipata chilichonse kumayang'anira mwachindunji kutuluka ndi kulimba kwachitsulo. Chipata chochepa kwambiri chimayambitsa kusamvana; imodzi yolumikizidwa pakona yakuthwa imapangitsa chipwirikiti ndikuphatikizidwa kwa slag. Nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito mipiringidzo ya sera yopangidwa kale ndi zitseko, koma kuyika kwawo ndi chigamulo chotengera gawo la geometry. Ndimajambula papepala poyamba, ndikuwonera njira yachitsulo. Pali lamulo la chala chachikulu: chipata cholowa muchigawo chokhuthala kwambiri. Koma ndi zigawo zovuta, nthawi zina mumafunika zipata zingapo, zomwe zimafuna kusinthasintha. Ndi mbali yamadzimadzi mphamvu, gawo zinachitikira.
Kwa kuponyedwa kwapamwamba kwambiri muzitsulo zapadera monga nickel-based kapena cobalt-ndendende zipangizo Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. mndandanda ngati wapadera - kapangidwe ka zipata ndizovuta kwambiri. Ma alloys awa ndi okwera mtengo ndipo nthawi zambiri amatsanulira pa kutentha kwambiri. Njira yolowera molakwika pamtengo wa sera sikungoyika gawo lomwe lili ndi vuto; imawononga ndalama zambirimbiri. Kutsekera kuyenera kulimbikitsa kutuluka kwa laminar ndi kulimbitsa pang'onopang'ono kupita ku chokwera. Cholinga cha kapangidwe kameneka chimayamba ngati chojambula, kenako chimazindikirika mumsonkhano wa sera.
Kulephera Ndi Mphunzitsi Wabwino Kuposa Kupambana
Simukumvetsetsa phula mpaka mutayiwona ikulephera. Ndikukumbukira mbale yaikulu yophwanthira yomwe tinapanga. Chinkasema mokongola, chinali ndi zolembera zangwiro. Tinaika ndalamazo, kuziwotcha, ndi kuthiramo. Zotsatira zake zinali zokhotakhota, ngati chip cha mbatata. Chifukwa chiyani? Kupsyinjika kwamkati mu sera kuchokera ku ndondomeko ya jekeseni yoyambirira yomwe inamasuka panthawi ya chipolopolo chamoto, kusokoneza nkhungu. Tsopano, chifukwa cha kuphwanyidwa kwakukulu, timagwiritsa ntchito sera yochepetsera kupsinjika kapena kupanga kapinga kakang'ono mu ndondomeko ya sera, kuyembekezera kusokonezeka. Ndi chinyengo simungapeze m'buku.
Chinthu chinanso chapamwamba: chipolopolo chimasweka panthawi ya autoclave dewaxing. Kutentha kofulumira kwa nthunzi kumapangitsa sera kufalikira mwamphamvu. Ngati sera ili ndi zodzaza zambiri kapena mawonekedwe olakwika osungunuka, imatha kutulutsa mphamvu yokwanira kuti ithyole chipolopolo cha ceramic mkati. Njira yothetsera vutoli ingakhale kusintha kachitidwe ka sera kamene kakukulirakulira kapena kusintha kayendedwe ka dewaxing—njira yocheperako, kutsika kwamphamvu. Koma mumangopita kukafunafuna yankholo mutamva kulira kwa chipolopolo chosweka ndikuwona ndalama zomwe zawonongeka.
Zolephera izi ndichifukwa chake gawo lopanga mawonekedwe silingathe kudzipatula. Imaphatikizidwa ndi njira yoyambira. Wopanga mapangidwe abwino ayenera kumvetsetsa zomwe zimachitika m'chipinda chamatope, ng'anjo yoyaka moto, ndi pansi. Uwu ndiye mwayi wopereka ntchito zonse. Pamene sitolo chitsanzo, nyumba zipolopolo, ndi kusungunuka ali pansi pa denga limodzi, monga pa Mtengo wa QSY, njira yobwereza ndi yolimba. Mnyamata wosema sera akhoza kupita ku ng'anjo ndikuwona zomwe ntchito yake imapanga, ndipo chidziwitsocho chimadziwitsa chojambula chotsatira. Imatembenuza masitepe akutali kukhala luso logwirizana.
Choncho, kusema sera potaya sera. Sichiyambi cha ntchito yeniyeni. Ndi ntchito yeniyeni. Ndipamene kamangidwe kamasintha kuchoka ku digito kapena kujambula kukhala zenizeni zenizeni. Chisankho chilichonse chomwe chimapangidwa pano - kusankha kwazinthu, njira ya zida, ngodya yojambula, makulidwe a khoma, khomo - zimagwirizana ndi zonse zomwe zimachitika, zomwe zimafika pachimake chachitsulo chomwe chimakhala cholondola kapena phunziro lokwera mtengo. Sera ilibe zinsinsi; limavumbulutsa mphamvu zonse ndi kulephera kulikonse mu chiweruzo. Ndipo ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yosangalatsa, yovuta, komanso yotsutsa kotheratu.
