Anthu ambiri akamamva ‘zigawo zachitsulo,’ amayerekezera zipolopolo zolemera, zophwanyika, ndiponso zomwe zimakhala ndi dzimbiri. Ndilo lingaliro lolakwika kwambiri. Zowonadi, zoyambira ndi makina amakono zasintha chitsulo chosungunuka kukhala chinthu cholondola kwambiri komanso chodalirika. Chinsinsi si kungoyimba; ndi ulendo wonse kuchokera ku nkhungu mpaka yomalizidwa, yopangidwa ndi makina. Ndawonapo mapulojekiti ambiri akulephera chifukwa wina adapeza kuponya kotsika mtengo osamvetsetsa kufunikira kwa kuziziritsa kozizira, ma alloying oyenera, komanso, chofunikira kwambiri, makina oponya pambuyo pake. Ndi ntchito yomaliza yomwe imatsegula kuthekera kwenikweni kwa chinthucho - kugwedera kwake, kulimba kwake, kukhazikika kwake. Tiye tikambirane mmene ndondomekoyi imaonekera pansi.
Maziko: Imayamba (Ndipo Itha Kutha) Ndi Nkhungu
Simungathe kupanga makina oyipa. Chabwino, mutha kuyesa, koma mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida ndi bajeti. Kusankhidwa kwa nkhungu kumatengera chilichonse. Pazigawo zovuta, zokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala m'makalasi apamwamba a ductile iron, pafupifupi nthawi zonse timatsamira chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera. Kulondola kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mchenga wokutidwa ndi utomoni ndikopambana mchenga wobiriwira wachikhalidwe, kupatsa akatswiri a CNC mwayi womenya nkhondo. Kutha kwa pamwamba pa nkhungu kumakhala koyera, zomwe zimachepetsa chimodzi mwazinthu zobisika kwambiri: kuyeretsa kusanachitike. Ndikukumbukira gulu la nyumba zapampopi pomwe kasitomala amaumirira njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yamchenga wobiriwira. Kung'anima kwa mzere wotsatsira kunali koopsa komanso kosasinthika kotero kuti zinatenga nthawi yayitali 30% kukonza ndikuyang'anizana ndi gawo lililonse tisanayambe makina enieni. Ndalamazo zinazimiririka nthawi yomweyo.
Kwa ma geometri ovuta kwambiri - ganizirani njira zamkati, mafupipafupi, kapena mawonekedwe omwe sangakhale makina -kuponya ndalama ndiko kupita, ngakhale kwazitsulo zina zosakanikirana. Ndondomeko ya phula imalola kuti zikhale zovuta. Koma apa pali kugwira ndi chitsulo: kutentha kwake kutsanulira ndi kuchepa. Ngati ma geting ndi ma riser sanapangidwe ndi munthu yemwe amamvetsetsa momwe chitsulo chimalimba, mupeza shrinkage porosity pakhoma lovuta. Gawo limenelo ndi zidutswa. Palibe kuchuluka kwa makina omwe angakonze chosowa mkati mwa flange yonyamula katundu. Ndi phunziro lomwe laphunziridwa kuchokera ku chitsanzo cholephera cha ma hydraulic valve body zaka zapitazo.
Apa ndipamene zinachitikira foundry sizingakambirane. Kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndi zaka makumi ambiri akujambula, amamvetsetsa izi mozama. Kuchita kwawo kwanthawi yayitali kukuwonetsa kuti adutsa misampha yazinthu izi pamagulu masauzande ambiri. Iwo samangopanga nkhungu; amayendetsa zitsulo. Za zida zachitsulo, zomwe zikutanthauza kulamulira mpweya wa carbon ndi mawonekedwe ake - flake graphite kuti damping, nodular graphite kuti mphamvu. Kulakwitsa mu gawo losungunula kumapangitsa gawolo kukhala lopanda ntchito pa ntchito yomwe akufuna, mosasamala kanthu kuti ntchito ya CNC ndi yokongola bwanji pambuyo pake.
Machining: Kumene Gawolo Limatuluka
Ili ndi dziko langa. Kuponyedwa kwaiwisi kumafika, ndipo ndi chinsalu chopanda kanthu chokhala ndi mabomba okwirira obisika. Chinthu choyamba nthawi zambiri ndicho kuchepetsa nkhawa. Ma castings ali ndi zovuta zamkati. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mbali imodzi yosalala komanso yolemetsa, mumamasula zovutazo ndipo gawolo likhoza kugwedezeka usiku wonse. Tidaphunzira kupanga matenthedwe azinthu zolondola kwambiri ngati zomwe zimagwirizanitsa maziko a makina oyezera. Lumphani, ndipo kulolerana kwa flatness kwapita.
Ndiye pakubwera fixturing. Ma castings si yunifolomu. Mulibe billet yabwino, yogayidwa yoti mutseke. Muyenera kupeza zomwe nthawi zina zosagwirizana ndi datum mu nkhungu. Timagwiritsa ntchito nsagwada zofewa zomangika pozungulira malo enaake oponya ngati-cast. Ndiko kukhazikika komwe kumatenga nthawi, koma ndi njira yokhayo yowonetsetsera kuti kudula kwanu koyamba kumatchulidwa molondola ku geometry ya gawolo. Ngati datum yanu yazimitsidwa ndi theka la millimeter apa, cholakwikacho chimafalikira pochita chilichonse chotsatira.
Kudzicheka komweko ndi kuvina kokhala ndi abrasiveness. graphite mu chitsulo ndi lubricant, koma zinthu zonse ndi zovuta zida. Kuyika kwa carbide ndi zokutira koyenera komanso kukhazikika kolimba ndikofunikira. Zoziziritsa kuziziritsa ndizofunikira osati pakuziziritsa, komanso pakuchotsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatha kudulanso choyikapo kapena gawolo. Cholinga ndi chip choyera, chosalekeza. Ngati mukupeza fumbi kapena tchipisi tating'onoting'ono, mukupha chida chanu ndikuwumitsa pamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kudutsako kukhale kovuta kwambiri. Pakumaliza kumadutsa pamalo osindikizira a ductile iron compressor part, izi ndi zonse. Umphumphu wa pamwamba ndi wofunika mofanana ndi kukula kwake.
The Material Matrix: Si Iron Zonse Zomwe Zili Zotuwa ndi Zosauka
Kutchula chitsulo chonyezimira kuli ngati kutchula chitsulo—ndikopanda tanthauzo. Gray iron (Grey iron) ndiyabwino pakunyowetsa ndipo ndiyosavuta kupanga makina. Chitsulo chachitsulo (Nodular iron) chimakhala ndi chitsulo champhamvu choyandikira, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma crankshafts ndi zida zopsinjika kwambiri. Ndiye muli ndi zitsulo zakunja zakunja, monga Ni-Resist pakukana dzimbiri. Aliyense makina osiyana.
Tinagwira ntchito yofuna zida za makina otulutsa mpweya wotentha kwambiri. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimafuna chitsulo cha nickel-chromium alloyed ductile iron. Zosintha zamakina pamapulogalamu athu achitsulo a ductile zidazimitsidwa. Zakuthupi ntchito-zolimba mofulumira kwambiri. Tinayenera kuchepetsa kuthamanga, kuonjezera chakudya pang'ono kuti tilowe pansi pa ntchito yolimba, ndikugwiritsa ntchito geometry yaukali kwambiri. Zinali zongoyesa ndi zolakwika pazidutswa zingapo zoyamba, kudya zoyika zingapo zodula tisanayimbe. Apa ndipamene ukatswiri wa zinthu zakuthupi umafunikira. Ngati maziko awo angakwanitse ma aloyi apadera monga opangidwa ndi faifi tambala kapena opangidwa ndi cobalt, monga momwe QSY ikuwonera, magawo awo opanga makina amatha kukhala ndi chidziwitso chothandizira kuthana ndi zofananira. zida zachitsulo zopangidwa ndi aloyi amenewo. Kupitilira kumeneko kuchokera kusungunuka kupita ku mphero ndi mwayi waukulu.
Zosakaniza zosakaniza ndi zenizeni zina. Ndizofala kukhala ndi nyumba yachitsulo yomwe imayenera kulumikizana ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kapena zopanikizidwa ndi zitsulo zamkuwa. Magawo owonjezera amasiyana. Makina osindikizira omwe amawerengera chitsulo pazitsulo akhoza kukhala otayirira kwambiri kapena olimba mowopsa ngati ayironi pabronze. Nthawi ina tinali ndi kusokoneza komwe kunagwira ntchito bwino pa 20 ° C koma kunagwira mwamphamvu pamene msonkhanowo unafika kutentha kwa ntchito chifukwa tinanyalanyaza izi. Tsopano, ndi cheke wamba pakuwunikanso kujambula.
Ubwino: Zambiri Zomwe Simungathe Kuzinyalanyaza
Kuyang'ana kowoneka kumagwira ming'alu yoonekera kapena kutsekeka kozizira. Koma zowopseza zenizeni ndi zapansipansi. Timagwiritsa ntchito kuyesa kwa ultrasonic pazigawo zofunika kwambiri kuti tipeze kuchepa kapena kutsika kwa gasi. Kuwunika kwa tinthu ta maginito ndi muyezo wa ming'alu yapamtunda pazida zachitsulo ngati zida zachitsulo. Izi sizosankhira pazinthu zofunika kwambiri pachitetezo. Kasitomala wina adatipempha kuti tidumphe NDT kuti tisunge mtengo ndi nthawi pamagulu a ma brake caliper brackets. Tinakana. Vutoli siloyenera. Zaka zitatu pambuyo pake, gawo la mpikisano linalephera kuchokera ku mchenga wosazindikirika, ndipo mlandu wotsatirawo unawasokoneza. Kuuma mtima kwathu koyamba kunatipulumutsa.
Dimensional kuyendera pambuyo Machining ndi wosanjikiza wina. CMM ndiyabwino, koma pamapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri, ma geji ogwira ntchito omwe amapangidwira kulolerana kwakukulu amathamanga. Vuto ndi castings ndikuti simungoyang'ana makina opangidwa; mukutsimikiziranso kuti mawonekedwe a as-cast (omwe simunapange makina) ali mkati mwa kulekerera kwa envelopu. Nthawi zina, chinthu chopangidwa mwangwiro chimakhala chopanda ntchito chifukwa bwana wokwera wopanda makina alibe malo.
Pomaliza, mankhwala pamwamba. Ziwalo zambiri zachitsulo zotayidwa zimapeza zokutira za phosphating kapena zakuda za oxide kuti zisawonongeke. Njira yopangira makina imakhudza izi. Ngati mutasiya malo opanikizika kwambiri, owumitsidwa ndi ntchito kuchokera ku makina achiwawa, zomatira zomatira zimatha kulephera. Chiphaso chomaliza chiyenera kuchoka pamalo oyera, ochepetsetsa nkhawa. Ndi ndondomeko yonse yomwe sitepe iliyonse imadziwitsa lotsatira.
Integrated Supplier: Chifukwa Chake Njira Yonse Ikufunika
Izi zimandibweretsa kumalingaliro othandiza. Ntchito zopanda msoko zomwe ndakhala ndikuchita ndi ogulitsa omwe amawongolera kuponya ndi kuwongolera CNC makina. Pamene maziko ndi malo ogulitsira makina ali pansi pa denga limodzi, kapena molumikizana molimba ngati ndi wopanga wophatikizika, mavuto amathetsedwa mwachangu. Opanga makina atha kubwereranso kuzomwe zimayambira: Mzere wolekanitsawu ukuyambitsa zovuta, kapena Kodi titha kuwonjezera kachidutswa kakang'ono kakang'ono pamakina apa kuti mupeze datum yabwinoko? The foundry akhoza kusintha mapangidwe nkhungu kapena gating kwa gulu lotsatira.
Kuyang'ana mbiri ya kampani ngati Mtengo wa QSYndi zopereka zawo zonse ziwiri chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera, kuponya ndalama, ndi odzaza CNC makina pansi pa chinthu chimodzi ndi chofunikira. Kuti mainjiniya apeze thupi la valavu yachitsulo cha ductile, zimatanthawuza gawo limodzi laudindo. Gulu lothandizira likudziwa kuti gawolo lipangidwa ndi makina, kotero atha kusiya zinthu zina pamalo ovuta. Gulu lopanga makina limakhala ndi mwayi wopita kwa anyamata omwe adapanga masewerawo ngati apeza kusagwirizana. Ndemanga zachidulezi ndizofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera mosalekeza komanso, kunena zoona, popewa ngozi. Kusandutsa malonda kukhala mgwirizano.
Pomaliza, odalirika zida zachitsulo si chinthu. Zimapangidwa ndi zisankho zosawerengeka, zodziwa zambiri kuyambira pa kusankha kwa aloyi kupita ku mapangidwe a nkhungu mpaka njira yopangira makina. Kusiyana pakati pa gawo lomwe likulephera m'munda ndi lomwe limakhalapo kwa zaka zambiri nthawi zambiri limabisika muzambiri izi, zomwe sizimafika ku kabuku konyezimira. Ndizokhudza kulemekeza khalidwe la zinthu ndi kuyendetsa ulendo wake wonse, osati kungogula chunk chachitsulo ndikuchidula.
