Anthu akamalankhula za kutayika kwa phula, nthawi zambiri amaganizira kwambiri za phula kapena kutsanulira kwachitsulo komaliza. Kodi matope a ceramic? Imatengedwa ngati utoto wosavuta, sitepe yakumbuyo. Ndiko kulakwitsa koyamba. Kunena zoona, slurry ndiye wopanga nkhungu weniweni; khalidwe lake limadalira ngati mutapeza zoponyera zopanda cholakwika kapena mulu wamtengo wapatali. Si katundu. Gulu lomwe limagwirira ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri likhoza kulephera kwambiri chifukwa cha chigawo chochepa kwambiri cha nickel-based alloy alloy. Ndawonapo masitolo ochuluka kwambiri, ngakhale odziwa zambiri, amawatenga ngati osakaniza amtundu umodzi, kuti ayang'ane ndi ming'alu ya zipolopolo, zophatikizika, kapena kutsiriza koopsa kwa pamwamba, ndiyeno amadzudzula chifukwa cha dewaxing kapena ng'anjo. Chowonadi nthawi zambiri chimayamba ndi thanki yamatope.
Ndi Zoposa Matope - Kupanga Ndi Kukambirana
Maziko ake ndi osavuta: ufa wosakanizidwa (monga silika wosakanikirana kapena zircon) ndi binder, kawirikawiri silika wa colloidal kapena ethyl silicate. Koma zosavuta zimathera pamenepo. Kugawidwa kwa tinthu tating'ono kwa ufa ndikofunika kwambiri. Mufunika kuphatikizika kwa mbewu zowawa komanso zabwino kuti mukwaniritse kachulukidwe koyenera. Zabwino kwambiri, ndipo mupeza kuchepa kwakukulu ndi ming'alu pakuyanika ndi kuwombera. Ndizovuta kwambiri, ndipo mapeto anu adzakhala ovuta, kutaya zonse zomwe munagwira mwakhama kuti mugwire sera. Kwa ambiri a ntchito yathu ndi matope a ceramic otaya sera ku QSY, timatsamira ku zircon-based system yama alloys otentha kwambiri. Ili ndi refractoriness yapamwamba, yomwe siyingakambirane pamene mukutsanulira ma alloys opangidwa ndi cobalt omwe amafuula kuchokera mung'anjo.
Kusankha binder ndi kuyitana kwina kwa chiweruzo. Colloidal silica ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, yochokera kumadzi, koma imapanga mphamvu pang'onopang'ono. Ethyl silicate imapanga chipolopolo cholimba kwambiri, koma imakhala yochokera ku mowa-ngozi yamoto, kuwongolera kowoneka bwino, ndipo imatha kupangitsa chipolopolocho kukhala cholimba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa misozi yotentha muzitsulo. Timagwiritsa ntchito zonsezi, koma pazigawo zovuta, zopyapyala muzitsulo kapena zosapanga dzimbiri, nthawi zambiri timapita ndi dongosolo la hybrid. Ndi za kugwirizanitsa mphamvu zobiriwira, mphamvu zowotchedwa, ndi permeability. Palibe yankho labukhu lophunzirira; ndi njira yomwe mungasinthire potengera chinyezi cha msonkhano tsiku limenelo.
Ndiye pali zowonjezera. Madontho ochepa a chonyowetsa kuti achepetse kugwedezeka kwa pamwamba kotero kuti matope amayala sera molingana, makamaka pamalo ovuta kwambiri a hydrophobic. Defoamer ndiyofunikira - tinthu ta mpweya totsekeredwa ndi zipolopolo zomwe zikudikirira kuti zichitike. Nthawi zina gawo laling'ono la zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi mitsempha zimafunika kuti ma geometries ena atetezeke ming'alu ya tsitsi mu ceramic. Inu muzisakaniza izi, ndipo inu simumangoyang'ana pa izo; mukumva. Kukhuthala kumayenera kuphimba chala chanu mwanjira inayake, ndikusiya wosanjikiza, wosawoneka bwino. Timayang'ana ndi chikho cha Zahn, koma anyamata odziwa bwino amadziwa momwe amadontha.
Mdyerekezi ali mu Njira: Rheology ndi Control
Kusakaniza sikungoponya zinthu mu thanki. Ndi njira yoyendetsedwa, yomwe nthawi zambiri imachedwa, kupewa kukwapula mpweya mu kusakaniza. Timagwiritsa ntchito chosakaniza cha propeller chokhala ndi ngodya yapadera ya tsamba. Pambuyo kusakaniza, slurry amafunika kukalamba-nthawi zina maola 24-kuti chemistry ikhale yokhazikika. Rheology yake imasintha. Dothi losakanizika kumene limatha kukhetsa mwachangu mumtengo wa sera, ndikusiya malaya opyapyala, ofooka. Wokalamba adzakhala ndi bwino thixotropic katundu: umayenda pamene kukwiya koma akugwira mawonekedwe ake akadali, kumanga yunifolomu wosanjikiza.
Magawo owongolera ndi miyambo yatsiku ndi tsiku. Kachulukidwe (kapena mphamvu yokoka) imafufuzidwa mwachipembedzo. Madzi akamasanduka nthunzi, kachulukidwe kake kamakwera, ndipo muyenera kusinthanso ndi madzi osungunuka. Viscosity imafufuzidwa musanayambe kusintha kulikonse. pH imafunikira pamakina a silika a colloidal; ngati itagwedezeka, tinthu ta silika titha kuyamba kumera msanga, ndikuwononga gulu lonselo. Ndataya thanki ya malita 500 kamodzi chifukwa chidebe choipitsidwa chinagwiritsidwa ntchito, kusuntha pH. Limenelo linali phunziro lofunika kwambiri pankhani ya kachitidwe. Simukungosunga madzi; mukukhalabe ndi moyo, dongosolo la colloidal.
Kuviika pamagulu a sera ndi luso. Chovala choyamba, kapena chovala choyambirira, ndicho chofunika kwambiri. Imatanthawuza mapeto a pamwamba. Nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito ufa wonyezimira pano, nthawi zina ngakhale kuwonjezera zircon zowoneka bwino. Nthawi yokhetsa, kusinthasintha kwa mtengo kuti usagwirizane, kuwongolera fumbi la chilengedwe - chilichonse chimakhala chofunikira. Pambuyo pa chovala choyamba, nthawi yomweyo timayika stucco (mchenga wouma) pamene slurry akadali wonyowa. Ndiye ndi kuzungulira: kuyanika, kumiza, stuccoing, kuyanika. Malo oyanikapo (kutentha, chinyezi, kutuluka kwa mpweya) ndi ofunika kwambiri monga slurry palokha. Kuthamangira izi kumabweretsa zipolopolo zobiriwira zokhala ndi chinyezi chotsekeka, zomwe zimasanduka nthunzi ndikuphulika pakutulutsa.
Case in Point: Tsamba la Turbine Yopangidwa ndi Nickel
Apa ndi pamene chiphunzitso chimakumana ndi moto. Tinali ndi pulojekiti yopangira kagulu kakang'ono ka ma turbine aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi. Mapangidwe a sera anali ovuta, okhala ndi njira zozizirira mkati. Kuthamanga koyamba kunagwiritsa ntchito njira yathu yokhazikika yachitsulo chachitsulo. Chotsatira? Masamba angapo adawonetsa ming'alu yabwino m'mbali zotsata pambuyo pothira mu autoclave. Chigobacho chinali cholimba kwambiri ndipo sichikanatha kupirira kukula kofulumira kwa sera. Kulephera kunali mu dongosolo la slurry-binder; inali yamphamvu kwambiri, yolimba kwambiri pa geometry iyi.
Kukonzekera kunali kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwa matope a ceramic otaya sera. Choyamba, tidachepetsa pang'ono kuchuluka kwa binder muzovala ziwiri zoyambirira kuti titha kusinthasintha pang'ono. Chachiwiri, tinasintha chithumwa choyamba kukhala mchenga wocheperako pang'ono, wozungulira kuti tichepetse kupsinjika. Chachitatu, tidakulitsa nthawi yowumitsa pakati pa malaya oyambira ndi 50%. Zinachepetsa kupanga, koma zinagwira ntchito. Zipolopolozo zinali ndi mphamvu zokwanira kugwiritsira ntchito zitsulo koma zokwanira permeability ndi micro-kupatsa kuti apulumuke dewaxing. Kuwongolera kotereku ndikokhazikika pashopu ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., kumene mbiri yakuthupi kuchokera kuzitsulo zotayidwa kupita kuzitsulo zapadera zimakukakamizani kuti muzilemekeza slurry ngati kusintha, osati kosasintha.
Mfundo ina yobisika: pazitsulo zotentha kwambiri izi, chipolopolocho chiyenera kupirira osati kutentha kwa kuthirira, komanso kutentha kwautali pamene malo oponyamo akukhazikika pang'onopang'ono. Dongosolo lomwe sinter kapena kufewetsa msanga kwambiri limatha kulowa mkati mwachitsulo, ndikupanga malo owoneka bwino, osakanikirana omwe amavuta kuyeretsa. Fomu yathu ya zircon slurry, yomwe idapangidwa zaka zambiri, idapangidwa kuti ikhalebe kukhulupirika mpaka malire, ndichifukwa chake titha kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zimafunikira pamagawo a cobalt ndi faifi tambala.
Misampha Wamba ndi Kumverera Kwake
Kupitilira muyeso waukadaulo, pali intuition. Dothi lotayirira lomwe lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kuviika kochulukira limatulutsa fumbi kuchokera ku stucco ndi hydrolyzed binder. Imakula, kukula kwake kwa tinthu kumasintha. Inu simungakhoze basi kupitiriza kuwonjezera madzi kusintha mamasukidwe akayendedwe; zomwe zimachepetsa zomwe zili mu binder. Muyenera kutsitsimutsa thanki nthawi ndi nthawi ndi slurry yatsopano. Pali malo okoma m'moyo wa thanki pomwe imakhala yokwanira bwino-nthawi zambiri pambuyo potsitsimutsa pang'ono.
Vuto limodzi lomwe limakakamira ndi ngalande zamatope zomwe zimapanga mpanda kapena zoundana pansi pa phula. Izi zimapanga kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha panthawi yothira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitsulo zikhale zolimba muzitsulo pamalopo. Njira yothetsera vutoli siikhala pa slurry yokha, koma mu njira yoviika - nthawi zina mumafunika kuviika, kuzungulira madigiri 180, ndikuviikanso kuti mutenge chovala chofanana. Ndi kuwongolera pamanja.
Pomaliza, mgwirizano pakati pa slurry ndi kuwombera kotsatira. Chigobacho chiyenera kutenthedwa kuti chiwotche sera ndi zotsalira zilizonse ndikukulitsa mphamvu zake zomaliza. Ngati slurry formula yazimitsidwa, chipolopolocho chimatha kuphulika kapena kusweka powombera. Nthawi zonse timayesa kuwombera chipolopolo kuchokera pagulu kapena fomula yatsopano tisanapange kupanga. Ndi inshuwaransi yotsika mtengo. Chigoba chowotchedwa chimayenera kukhala ndi mtundu wofanana komanso ping yowoneka bwino, yowoneka bwino ikagwiridwa mopepuka. Phokoso losawoneka bwino limatanthauza vuto-mwina mphamvu yochepa kapena ming'alu yaying'ono.
Kutsiliza: Maziko Ndi Chilichonse
Chifukwa chake, patatha zaka makumi atatu mumasewerawa ku QSY, kuchokera ku nkhungu ya chipolopolo mpaka kuyika ndalama movutikira, ngati pali chinthu chimodzi chopangira nyundo kunyumba, ndi ichi: musadere nkhawa chipinda cha slurry. The matope a ceramic otaya sera ndi mgwirizano woyambira pakati pa chitsanzo cha sera ndi chitsulo chosungunuka. Ndi dongosolo la zinthu zamoyo zomwe zimafuna ulemu ndi kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse. Mutha kukhala ndi sera yabwino kwambiri, kapangidwe kabwino ka khomo, ndi ng'anjo yowongoleredwa, koma slurry yosayendetsedwa bwino idzasokoneza zonsezi. Si ntchito yokongola - nthawi zambiri imakhala yosokoneza komanso yobwerezabwereza - koma ubwino wa chirichonse chomwe chikutsatira chimamangidwa, chosanjikiza ndi chosanjikiza, mu thanki imeneyo. Ukatswiri weniweni sikungosakaniza ndi pepala lodziwika; ndikudziwa momwe mungasinthire gawo la mtengo lero, chifukwa cha aloyi yomwe ikutsanulidwa sabata yamawa, ndi vuto lomwe mwathetsa koma mutha kuwonanso mwanjira ina. Ndiwo luso.
