Mukamva 'zigawo zamakina achitsulo', chinthu choyamba chomwe chimatuluka ndichodziwika bwino: mphamvu zabwino, ductility, kukana kuvala koyenera, zotsika mtengo. Koma ndiye nkhani ya kabukuka. Kumene zimakhala zenizeni, komanso kumene ntchito zambiri zimagwedezeka, ndizomasulira kuchokera pa pepala la deta kupita ku gawo lenileni la sitolo, pansi pa katundu. Kusiyana pakati pa zinthu zowoneka bwino ndi zenizeni za chigawo, chopangidwa ndi makina, ndi chophatikizidwa ndipamene ntchito yeniyeni imachitika. Ndawona zojambula zambiri zomwe zimatengera chitsulo cha ductile ngati chongolowetsa m'malo mwachitsulo kapena chitsulo chotuwa, ndikungokumana ndi macheza a makina, kupsinjika mosayembekezereka pazigawo zopyapyala, kapena kusagwira bwino ntchito pagulu. Si chinthu chofunika; ndi zinthu tcheru ndondomeko.
Maziko Oyikira: Zonse Zimayambira mu Nkhungu
Simungathe kulankhula zodalirika ductile chitsulo makina zigawo popanda kulowa mu njira yoponya poyamba. Zochita zamakina zimawotchedwa pomwepo. Mapangidwe a graphite ozungulira - timinofu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa ductility - ndi osalimba panthawi yolimba. Kuzirala, chizolowezi cha inoculation, ngakhale kutentha kwachitsulo chikafika pa nkhungu, onse amatenga gawo lalikulu. Gawo lomwe lili ndi kanyumba kakang'ono ndi masipoko opyapyala amatha kukhala ndi ma microstructures osiyanasiyana (ndipo motero, katundu) m'magawo osiyanasiyanawo. Ndikukumbukira giya yopanda kanthu yomwe tidapezapo kale; chinkawoneka changwiro, chinapambana macheke oyambira, koma chidalephera modabwitsa pakuyesa kutopa. Wolakwa? Shrinkage porosity yobisika mu intaneti, zotsatira zachindunji za dongosolo losakonzekera bwino lomwe silinadyetse gawo lakuda bwino. Chojambulacho chinafuna giredi 65-45-12, koma zomwe tidapeza m'malo ovutawo zinali zofooka, zolimba kwambiri.
Apa ndipamene ntchito yapaderadera imafunikira. Sitolo yomwe imamvetsetsa bwino izi, monga Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ndi zaka makumi atatu mu chipolopolo ndi kuponya ndalama, ali ndi kukumbukira kwa minofu pa izi. Iwo sali kungotsanulira zitsulo; iwo akuwongolera sayansi yolimba. Za ductile iron ziwalo omwe amawona katundu wosunthika - ganizirani matupi a hydraulic valve, ma compressor crankshafts, kapena zigawo zoyimitsidwa zolemetsa - maziko awa sangakambirane. Kuphatikizikako pang'ono kwa slag kapena kulowetsedwa molakwika kumatha kukhala malo oyambira kusokoneza mzere.
Kusankha pakati pa kuumba zipolopolo ndi kuponyera ndalama kwa chitsulo cha ductile nthawi zambiri kumabwera chifukwa cha zovuta komanso zofunikira zomaliza. Kwa magawo omwe ali ndi ndime zamkati kapena ma cores ovuta, kuumba kwa zipolopolo kumapereka bwino. Koma ngati mukufuna mawonekedwe apafupi ndi ukonde okhala ndi tsatanetsatane wapamtunda komanso kuwongolera pang'ono, makamaka pazigawo zing'onozing'ono, zocholowana, kulondola kwa kakhazikitsidwe kazachuma kumatha kupulumutsa ndalama zambiri pamakina otsatirawa. Ndiko kusanthula mtengo wa phindu lomwe limayambira pakupanga, osati kungoganizira.
Machining: Kumene Chiphunzitso Chimakumana ndi Chida Chachida
Iyi ndi nthawi yomwe malingaliro amayesedwa. Makina achitsulo a ductile mosiyana ndi zitsulo. Ndi abrasive, chifukwa cha graphite, ndipo akhoza kukhala gummy. Sinthani liwiro lanu, ma feed, kapena zida za geometry molakwika, ndipo mudzawotcha zoyikapo kapena kupeza malo olimba, olimba omwe adzatha posachedwa. Ndinaphunzira izi movutirapo, ndikuyesera kuyendetsa nyumba yapampu yachitsulo yokhala ndi zida zokongoletsedwa ndi chitsulo cha kaboni. Zidazo zidatenga theka lautali, ndipo kutsirizika kwapamwamba kunali koyipa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zotuluka pagulu.
Ma graphite flakes mu iron iron imvi amakhala ngati chip breakers, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupanga makina. Ma ductile iron nodular graphite samachita zimenezo. Mufunika zida zakuthwa, zopangira zabwino, nthawi zambiri zokhala ndi zokutira zapadera monga AlTiN, ndipo muyenera kusamala ndi kutentha. Lolani gawolo litenthe kwambiri, ndipo mutha kusintha mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono pamwamba, ndikupanga chosanjikiza cholimba, chomwe chimakhala chovuta kuti mupitilize kukonza kapena kuchita. Kugwiritsa ntchito koziziritsa koyenera sikungokhudza moyo wa chida; ndi za kusunga zinthu zakuthupi zomwe mudalipira poponya.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuyanjana ndi ogulitsa omwe amayang'anira zonse zoponya ndi CNC makina m'nyumba, monga QSY, amatha kusintha zinthu. Amamvetsetsa momwe zinthu zimayendera kuyambira kusungunuka mpaka kutha. Amadziwa momwe zotsalira zotsalira zoponyedwa zingakhudzire kukangana ndi kudula, ndipo amatha kusintha njira yawo yopangira makina moyenerera. Zimathetsa kuloza chala pakati pa maziko ndi malo ogulitsira makina pamene kulolerana kuphonya. Mayankho afupipafupi ndi olimba.
Funso la Alloy: Sikuti Iron Yonse ya Ductile Ifanana
ASTM A ndiye giredi wamba, koma ndiye poyambira. Pazigawo zomwe zili m'malo owononga kapena kutentha kokwera, mumalowa muzitsulo zophatikizika - silicon-molybdenum (SiMo) zolimbana ndi kutentha, kapena magiredi a nickel-alloyed kuti ziwonongeke ndi kuvala. Tinali ndi pulojekiti yopangira mbali ya ng'anjo yomwe inkafunika kugwira ntchito mosalekeza pa 800 ° C. Standard ductile iron ikanakhala graphitized ndi kulephera. Tinapita ndi chitsulo chapamwamba cha silicon ductile, chomwe chimapanga chosanjikiza chokhazikika cha silicon oxide, koma zidapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zovuta kwambiri pamakina. Kunali kusinthanitsa, koma koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito.
Nthawi zina, kusankha sikuli ngakhale chitsulo cha ductile. Pakuvala kwambiri kapena kukhudzidwa kwambiri, mutha kuyang'ana ADI (Austempered Ductile Iron), yomwe imathandizidwa ndi kutentha kuti ikhale yamphamvu komanso yolimba. Kapena, pazigawo zopangira mankhwala owononga kwambiri, chitsulo cha nickel austenitic ductile iron (Ni-Resist) chingakhale yankho. Mfundo ndi yakuti, kutchula chitsulo cha ductile sikumveka bwino. Muyenera kufotokozera malo ogwirira ntchito - kupsinjika, kutentha, media, kutsitsa kwapang'onopang'ono - kusankha giredi yoyenera. Wothandizira wodziwa ndi ma aloyi apadera, monga akuwonetsera mu mbiri ya QSY yokhala ndi cobalt ndi nickel-based alloys, akuganiza kale pamlingo uwu; amapeza kuti kusankha zinthu kumayendetsedwa ndi ntchito.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri chimanyalanyazidwa ndikusiyana pakati pa ma matrix a ferritic ndi pearlitic pamagiredi wamba. Matrix a ferritic (chitsulo chochulukirapo, pearlite yochepa) amapereka ductility bwino ndi kukana mphamvu koma kutsika mphamvu ndi kuuma. Pearlitic matrix ndi yamphamvu komanso yovuta, yabwino kuvala, koma yocheperako. Mutha kulimbikitsa izi kudzera pakuponya kutentha pambuyo poponya. Ndi mfundo ina yokhotakhota, koma muyenera kudziwa kuti muyenera kuyitembenuza.
Zovuta Zenizeni Zapadziko Lonse ndi Kumverera Kwabwino
Pamwamba pa malipoti a labu, pali njira yodziwika bwino yoweruza ductile chitsulo makina zigawo. Phokoso lomwe mbali yabwino limapanga ikamenyedwa mopepuka ndi phokoso losawoneka bwino, lolimba, osati ping yakuthwa. Pamwamba pa kuwombera bwino kuphulika-kutsukidwa kutsukidwa kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe osakanikirana, a matte-gray, opanda mchenga wopsereza kapena kuzizira koonekera bwino. Pamakina, tchipisi tating'ono ting'onoting'ono ta C, osati tangle tang'onoting'ono kapena fumbi. Awa ndi macheke a QC osakhazikika omwe mumapanga pakapita nthawi.
Vuto lalikulu ndikunyalanyaza maopaleshoni achiwiri. Nenani kuti muli ndi chitsulo chosanjikizana chomwe chimafunika plating kapena penti. Ngati kuponyerako sikunatsukidwe bwino - kuwombera kuphulika, kenako kutsukidwa ndi mankhwala kuti muchotse mchenga kapena sikelo yotsalira - zokutira zidzalephera. Kumamatira ndi vuto lalikulu. Nthaŵi ina tinali ndi zigawo zingapo zomwe zinatuluka matuza poyesa kupopera mchere. Choyambitsa chake chinali zotsalira zazing'ono zazing'ono za silicate zochokera mumchenga wowumba zomwe palibe amene ankaganiza kuti afufuze pambuyo pophulika.
Chinthu china chodziwika bwino ndi kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe, kapena kusowa kwake, pambuyo pokonza makina ovuta. Ngati kuponya sikunathetsere kupsinjika bwino (nthawi zambiri kumayenda pang'onopang'ono), kumatha kuyenda modabwitsa mutadula mabala olemetsa oyamba, ndikutaya mapulogalamu anu onse osamala a CNC. Ndi sitepe yomwe imawonjezera mtengo ndi nthawi, koma kulumpha ndikutchova njuga. Wothandizira wodalirika adzakhala ndi ndondomeko yokhazikika ya izi kutengera gawo la geometry ndi makulidwe a khoma.
Kuphatikizana ndi Ubale wa Supplier
Pamapeto pake, kupeza ntchito, yodalirika ductile iron part sikugula kwa widget. Ndi mini-mgwirizano. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zimabwera chifukwa chophatikiza zoyambitsa ndi makina oyambira. Kodi angapangire kusintha pang'ono kwa ngodya kuti muwongolere kudzaza kwa nkhungu? Kodi kuwonjezera kagawo kakang'ono pakona kungathetsere kukwera kwa nkhawa komanso mutu womwe ungakhalepo pakukonza makina? Kodi kulolerana kwatchulidwe pa chinthu chosafunikira chikuyendetsa 80% ya mtengo wamakina?
Kampani yomwe imapereka ntchito zonse zowongoka, kuyambira kupanga mapangidwe (ngati zingafunike) mpaka kuyika mpaka kumakina, monga zomwe mukuwona nazo. Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), imapereka mfundo imodzi yokha yoyankhira. Mbiri yawo yazaka 30 mukupanga ndi kupanga si njira yotsatsira; Zikuonetsa kuti ayenda pazovuta zenizeni izi - kuchepera, kusokonekera, kuvala kwa zida, kumaliza - pamaoda masauzande ambiri. Iwo apanga zowongolera ndondomeko ndi chidziwitso chachinsinsi. Mukawatumizira chithunzi cha chitsulo chachitsulo chovuta kwambiri, akuwerenga pakati pa mizere, kuganizira momwe angapangire kuti ikhale yosunthika, yosunthika, komanso yolimba, osati momwe angatchulire.
Chifukwa chake, ndikaganizira za ma ductile iron mechanical parts tsopano, sindimaganizira mozama za zomwe zili m'mabuku komanso zambiri za zisankho ndi maulamuliro omwe amasintha zinthu zabwino kukhala gawo lalikulu. Ndilo luso la woyambitsa, magawo a makina, malingaliro a injiniya, zonse zogwirizana. Zinthuzo zimatha, koma ntchito yake imaperekedwa ndi ndondomekoyi. Ndipo ndondomeko ndiye chirichonse.
