Anthu ambiri akamva mawu akuti "high heat alloy" amangoganiza za ma jet engine kapena ma turbines okhazikika pamtunda. Izi sizolakwika, koma ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba omwe amaphonya zovuta zenizeni, zopanda pake zogwirira ntchito ndi zipangizozi. Mapepala owonetsera amalemba ziwerengero zochititsa chidwi-kukana kukwawa, malire a okosijeni, mphamvu zowonongeka pa 1000 ° C-koma samakuuzani za kumenyana panthawi ya makina, kapangidwe kake ka tirigu kosagwirizana ndi kutentha kwina kupita kwina, kapena kuvutika kwakukulu kwa kutulutsa koyera, kopanda chilema kuchokera ku superalloy ya nickel-based superalloy. Ndilo kusiyana pakati pa chiphunzitso ndi sitolo pansi.
The Casting Conundrum: Kumene Chiphunzitso Chimakumana ndi Crucible
Tiyeni tikambirane za kuponyera, makamaka kupanga ndalama zomwe ndi mkate wathu ndi batala ku QSY. Ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwazitsulo, makamaka opangidwa ndi nickel monga Inconel 718 kapena Hastelloy X, ndondomeko yonseyi ndikuyenda kolimba. Kuwongolera kutentha ndikofunika kwambiri, koma momwemonso kuzizira mu nkhungu ya chipolopolo. Kuthamanga kwambiri, ndipo mumayambitsa nkhawa ndi misozi yotentha; pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mumapeza kukula kwakukulu kwambewu komwe kumapha mawotchi pambuyo pake. Tidakhala ndi magawo omwe adatuluka akuwoneka bwino, kungolephera kuwunika kwa X-ray ndi subsurface shrinkage porosity. Deta ya data imanena kuti ndizotheka kwambiri, koma sizimatanthawuza njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira tsamba la turbine motsutsana ndi bushing losavuta.
Ndikukumbukira ntchito zaka zingapo mmbuyo kwa kasitomala mu gawo matenthedwe processing. Ankafuna machubu owala opangidwa kuchokera ku zowalira mkulu kutentha aloyi, koma nthawi yotsogolera ya katundu wa bar inali yoletsedwa. Tidaganiza zowaponya kudzera munjira yathu ya chipolopolo cha chipolopolo pogwiritsa ntchito aloyi yofananira. Chemistry inali pafupi, koma osati yofanana. Magulu angapo oyambirira adasweka panthawi ya chithandizo cha kutentha kwa yankho. Nkhani yake? Tsatirani zinthu, monga kusiyana pang'ono kwa boron kapena zirconium pakati pa zomwe tazipanga ndi master wathu woponyera - zomwe zidakhudza mphamvu yamalire ambewu pakutentha kofunikira. Izo sizinali mwatsatanetsatane; zinali m’mawu a m’munsi. Tinayenera kubwereranso, kusintha kutentha kwa kuthirira ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe kumapangitsa kuti tisungunuke. Zinagwira ntchito, koma zinawonjezera masabata akuyesera ndi zolakwika. Ndicho chenicheni.
Apa ndipamene zinachitikira foundry. Pa Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndi zaka zoposa makumi atatu mu zipolopolo ndi kupanga ndalama, tamanga laibulale ya magawo obisika awa, osalembedwa a geometries ndi ma aloyi osiyanasiyana. Sikuti kukhala ndi ng'anjo; ndizodziwa kuti pamtundu wina wa cobalt-based alloy, muyenera kusintha kutentha kwa nkhungu kusanayambe kutentha mosiyana kusiyana ndi nickel-based one kuti mukwaniritse yunifolomu yodzaza zigawo zoonda. Chidziwitso ichi sichidatsitsidwa; zimawunjikana pobwerezabwereza, ndipo inde, kupyolera mu zolephera za apo ndi apo.
Machining: Chowonadi Chovuta Chokhudza Kudula Zida Zolimba
Ngati kuponya ndi kuvina kosavuta, kukonza makina kutentha kwakukulu kwazitsulo ndi nkhondo yolamulidwa. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma alloys awa akhale abwino - kuuma kwamphamvu kwambiri komanso chizolowezi choumitsa ntchito - zimawapangitsa kukhala ovuta kwambiri pakudula zida. Nthawi zambiri anthu amapeputsa izi. Iwo amaganiza, Tili ndi CNC yamakono, tingoyichepetsa. Ndizovuta kwambiri.
Cholakwika chachikulu ndikuchichita ngati kukonza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Ndi china chake chonga Inconel 625, ngati chida chanu sichili chakuthwa, ngati liwiro lanu ndi zakudya zanu zazimitsidwa pang'ono, kapena ngati choziziritsa chanu sichikugunda pamalo oyenera, simupeza chip chabwino. Mumapeza m'mphepete mwachidacho, chomwe chimagwira ntchito-cholimba pamwamba pa gawo lomwe mukudula. Tsopano mukuyesera kudula khungu lolimba kwambiri, lomwe limatulutsa kutentha kwambiri, komwe kumawononganso chidacho. Ndikozungulira koyipa komwe kumatsogolera ku zida zowonongeka ndikuwonongeka, zokwera mtengo za carbide. Tidaphunzira izi movutikira koyambirira, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zothandizira tisanayimbe magawo.
Kwa ife ku QSY, kuphatikiza makina a CNC ndi ntchito zathu zoponya ndi mwayi wabwino. Nthawi zambiri timagwira ntchito movutikira poyambira pazigawo zathu zowulutsa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti tiyenera kuwerengera khungu loponyedwa, kupotoza pang'ono, komanso kupsinjika kotsalira kochokera pakuponya. Tapanga ma protocol a m'nyumba okonza ndi kusanja zinthu kuti muchepetse kuyambiranso kupsinjika. Mwachitsanzo, titha kuchita kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono pambuyo popanga makina ovuta koma tisanatsirize kulekerera kofunikira. Imawonjezera sitepe, koma imalepheretsa gawolo kuyenda pambuyo pake muutumiki—phunziro lophunziridwa pa gulu la mavavu omwe anasokonekera pambuyo pobereka komaliza.
Zapadera mu ma Aloyi Apadera: Kupeza Zinthu & Kufufuza
Gawo lina lomwe nthawi zambiri limamanyalanyazidwa ndi zopangira zokha. Sikuti Inconel 718 yonse idapangidwa mofanana. Kuchita kumadalira chiyero cha zida za namwali komanso kulondola kwa zowonjezera za alloy master. Tasintha kale ogulitsa zinthu chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa okosijeni kapena nayitrogeni pakati pa zosungunuka, zomwe zimawoneka ngati moyo wotopa kwambiri m'magawo omaliza. Pamene mukuchita nazo kutentha kwakukulu kwazitsulo pakugwiritsa ntchito zovuta, satifiketi yakusanthula (CoA) ndi bible lanu. Ku QSY, timasanthula izi mosamalitsa komanso nthawi zambiri timayesa tokha kapena kusanthula zinthu zomwe zikubwera, makamaka zopangira ma cobalt kapena faifi tambala. Simungathe kulamulira zomwe simukuziyeza.
Kulingalira uku pa kukhulupirika kwakuthupi kumafikira ku ntchito yathu yonse. Popanga ndalama, timagwiritsa ntchito makina enaake a ceramic omwe amalumikizana ndi ma alloys okhazikika kuti tipewe kuipitsidwa pamwamba. Chidetso chosokonekera kuchokera ku chipolopolo chikhoza kupanga malo ofooka omwe amakhala malo oyambitsa ming'alu pansi pa njinga yamoto. Ndizinthu zambiri zomwe sizimawonekera pamiyeso ya gawo lomaliza, koma ndi chirichonse cha moyo wake wautumiki kumalo otentha kwambiri.
Kusanthula Kulephera: Mphunzitsi Wofunika Kwambiri
Zina mwa chidziwitso chathu chamtengo wapatali chachokera ku magawo omwe sanapange. Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yathu ndi aloyi ya nickel yapamwamba ya chromium ya pyrolysis ng'anjo yamoto, tinali ndi kulephera kwamunda. Chigawocho chinang'ambika motsatira mzere wooneka ngati wachisawawa. Kusanthula kwa Metallurgical kunalozera ku sigma gawo embrittlement. Alloy anali tcheru kwa izo ngati atasungidwa mu kutentha kwinakwake kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Kutentha kwathu, komwe kunali kofanana ndi ma aloyi ofanana, kudakankhira zeneralo mosadziwa. Kukonza sikunali kokhudza kusintha kojambula; zinali zokhudzana ndi kukonzanso mankhwala otenthetsera pambuyo poponya kuti azitha kudutsa m'dera lovuta kwambiri la kutentha mofulumira. Tsopano, kwa chatsopano chilichonse mkulu kutentha aloyi pulojekiti, sitingoyang'ana chithandizo chokhazikika; timakumba muzithunzi za gawo ndi njira zomwe zingatheke kuti ziwonongeke. Ndi njira yodzitetezera yobadwa kuchokera ku phunziro lopweteka.
Malingaliro awa amathandizira momwe timayendera mapulojekiti atsopano ndi makasitomala. Ngati kasitomala wochokera kugawo lopangira magetsi abwera kwa ife ndi pempho la gawo losinthira kutentha lopangidwa mwaluso pogwiritsa ntchito aloyi yapadera, mafunso athu oyamba samangokhudza kukula kwake. Iwo ndi okhudza mlengalenga opareshoni (oxidizing? carburizing?), Thermal mkombero mbiri, ndi kuyembekezera kupsinjika maganizo. Izi zimadziwitsa chirichonse kuchokera ku kusankha kwa aloyi (mwinamwake kalasi yowonjezera ya silicon kuti ikhale yolimba kwambiri ya okosijeni?) mpaka mapangidwe a feeders ndi risers mu nkhungu kuti atsimikizire zomveka m'madera ovuta kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza: Kuchokera ku Foundry mpaka Gawo Lomaliza
Mtengo weniweni wamakasitomala athu ambiri Mtengo wa QSY zagona mu kuphatikizika koyima—kuyendetsa ulendo kuchokera ku chitsulo chosungunula kupita kumalo opangidwa ndi makina, okonzeka kuikidwa. Za kutentha kwakukulu kwazitsulo, kupitiriza kumeneku n’kofunika kwambiri. Wopanga makinawo akuyenera kumvetsetsa momwe angapangire mkati mwawo; wopanga makinawo ayenera kudziwa komwe kuli makina ofunikira kwambiri kuti awonetsetse kuti pali kachulukidwe kowonjezera pamenepo.
Posachedwa tamaliza ntchito yotchinga ma turbine shrouds pokweza ma turbocharger a mafakitale. Zomwe zidalipo zinali zovuta kwambiri zozikidwa pa faifi tambala. Poyang'anira kuponya ndi kulondola kwa makina a CNC m'nyumba, titha kugwirizanitsa. Tidaponyera mbalizo ndi katundu wowonjezera pankhope zokwerera, kenako tidapanga mankhwala otentha a isostatic pressing (HIP) kuti titseke micro-porosity iliyonse. Pambuyo pa HIP tinapanga makina omaliza. Kutsatizana kumeneku, komwe kunapangidwa mogwirizana pakati pa magulu athu opanga makina ndi makina opanga makina, kuwonetsetsa kuti tachotsa kupotoza kulikonse kwa HIP ndikukwaniritsa kusachulukira kwazinthuzo. Chotsatira chinali chigawo chokhala ndi kusasinthasintha kwabwinoko kuposa ngati njirazo zidagawanika pakati pa ogulitsa osiyana.
Ndiwo mathero. Kugwira ntchito ndi aloyi kutentha kwambiri sikungokhudza kusankha zinthu kuchokera m'mabuku. Ndiko kumvetsetsa machitidwe ake kupyolera mu sitepe iliyonse ya kusintha-kuchokera kumadzi kupita ku olimba, kuchoka ku kuponyera koyipa kupita ku gawo lolondola. Manambala omwe ali patsambalo ndi poyambira kukambirana, osati pomaliza. Zina zonse zimaphunziridwa poyambira, paulamuliro wa CNC, ndipo nthawi zina, poyang'ana lipoti losalephera. Ndi gawo lovuta, koma ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale gawo logwira ntchito bwino, zaka zingapo pambuyo pake m'malo otentha kwambiri, okhutiritsa. Zikutanthauza kuti muli ndi zonse zosawoneka bwino.
