Anthu ambiri akamva 'kuponyedwa kwazitsulo', amawonetsa njira yolunjika, pafupifupi yakale: kupanga ndondomeko ya sera, kuviika mu ceramic, kusungunula sera, kutsanulira muzitsulo. Zatheka. Koma ndi pamene lingaliro lalikulu loyamba lagona. Vuto lenileni siliri pakumvetsetsa masitepe oyambira - ndikuwongolera masanjidwe zikwizikwi mkati mwa chilichonse kuti mupeze gawo lomwe silili mawonekedwe chabe, koma gawo logwira ntchito, lodalirika. Ndawona ntchito zambiri zikupunthwa chifukwa wina amaganiza kuti ndi ntchito ya 'kutsanulira ndi kupita'. Chowonadi ndichakuti, kusiyana pakati pa chojambula chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chowona mtima ndi chachikulu, ndipo chadzaza ndi tsatanetsatane wamasamba omwe sanatchulidwepo.
Sewero la Zipolopolo: Si Nkhungu Yokha
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi chipolopolo, maziko enieni. Mawu akuti 'chipolopolo cha chipolopolo' nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana, koma pochita bwino ndalama, chipolopolocho ndi chinthu chaumisiri chamitundu yambiri chokha. Si kuviika kumodzi. Chigoba chodziwika bwino cha chitsulo chopangidwa ndi alloy chapamwamba chimatha kukhala ndi malaya 7 mpaka 9: chovala chakumaso choyambirira chokhala ndi ufa wapamwamba kwambiri wa zircon kuti mujambule mwatsatanetsatane, ndikutsatiridwa ndi malaya apakatikati okhala ndi mchenga wowuma wa silika kuti akhale wamphamvu, ndipo nthawi zambiri malaya osindikizira omaliza. Malo oyanikapo pakati pa kuviika kulikonse - chinyezi, kutentha, kutuluka kwa mpweya - ndizofunikira. Ndimakumbukira gulu la matupi azitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe tinkathamangira komwe chipolopolocho chimawoneka bwino, koma tinali ndi zidzolo zapamtunda. Pambuyo pa masiku akukanda mutu, tinatsatiranso kumtunda kwa nyengo mu chinyezi panthawi yowumitsa malaya achitatu ndi 4. Chipolopolocho sichinachiritsidwe bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuphulika kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kusintha kwa gasi panthawi yothira. Kukonza sikunali mu ng'anjo; kunali mukuchotsa chinyezi m'chipinda chowumitsira.
Apa ndi pamene zokumana nazo za foundry zikuwonetsa. Kampani ngati Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), yokhala ndi mbiri yawo yazaka 30, ikhoza kukumbukira zamitundu iyi yachilengedwe. Webusaiti yawo, tsngtaocnc.com, amalemba ntchito zawo ndi nkhungu ya chipolopolo ndi kuponya ndalama, ndipo kuphatikiza kumeneko ndikofunikira. Zimatanthawuza kuti amamvetsetsa mawonekedwe kuchokera ku njira zosavuta za zipolopolo kupita ku njira yolondola kwambiri ya zipolopolo za ceramic. Kwa wogula, kuzama kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti sangasokonezedwe ndi zolephera zokhudzidwa ndi ndondomekozi.
Kusankha kwakuthupi kwa chipolopolo kumalumikizana mwachindunji ndi chitsulo chomwe chimatsanuliridwa. Kutsanulira superalloy ngati alloy-based alloy pa 1500 ° C kumafuna chipolopolo chokhala ndi refractoriness kwambiri komanso kukana kugwedezeka kwamafuta. Kugwiritsira ntchito slurry formulation yopangidwira chitsulo cha carbon kungakhale tsoka - chipolopolocho chikhoza kugwa kapena kusweka. Kusankhidwa kwa zomangira (colloidal silica vs. ethyl silicate) ndi stucco zipangizo ndi chemistry project palokha.
Aloyi: Kumene Spec Imakumana ndi Zowona
Ponena za zipangizo, mndandanda wa aloyi ndi malo ena odzaza ndi misampha yobisika. Inde, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndizofala, koma 'zopanda utoto' zimaphatikiza 304, 316, 17-4 PH, ndi ena, iliyonse ili ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana opangira komanso olimba. 316 imachepa kuposa chitsulo cha kaboni ndipo imakonda kung'ambika ngati njira yolowera siinapangidwe kuti igwirizane ndi izi. Tinaphunzira izi movutikira pa ntchito yoyamba yopangira zida zapamadzi. Zisindikizozo zimafuna 316, ndipo tidazitsekera ngati chitsulo chochepa. Kuchuluka kwa zokolola kunali kodetsa nkhaŵa, ndi ming'alu yotuluka kuchokera kumagulu a zipata. Inali nkhani yachikale yotsatira zokhazikika popanda kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cha aloyiyo.
Ma alloys apadera-opangidwa ndi cobalt ndi nickel-based alloys-ndi chirombo chosiyana. Iwo sali chabe 'ovuta kusungunuka.' Kuchuluka kwawo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kocheperako, amatha kukhala ndi tsankho, ndipo amakhala ndi chizolowezi chochita ndi chipolopolo ngati chemistry siyili bwino. Kupambana apa ndikochepa pa mphamvu ya brute komanso zambiri za finesse: kutentha kwachangu kusanayambike kwa nkhungu, kulamulira mwamphamvu pa kutsanulira kuthamanga ndi kutentha, ndipo nthawi zambiri, kuponyera kutentha kwa mankhwala si njira yokhayo koma ndi gawo lofunikira la kukwaniritsa microstructure yofunikira. Ndikawona maziko ngati QSY akulemba momveka bwino ma aloyi awa, zimawonetsa kuti mwina adayikapo ukadaulo wazitsulo ndi njira zowongolera zomwe zimafunikira kuti zitheke, osati mphamvu ya ng'anjo.
Cast iron, ngakhale ikuwoneka yokhululukira kwambiri, ili ndi zovuta zake pakuyika ndalama. Kukwanitsa kupanga graphite mosasinthasintha m'zigawo zoonda ndizovuta. Kuzizira kofulumira komwe kumachitika mu chipolopolo cha ceramic kungayambitse m'mphepete mwa chilled (chitsulo choyera), kupangitsa gawolo kukhala losayerekezeka. Izi nthawi zambiri zimafuna kusintha kwa inoculant kapena kukonzanso pang'ono kwa makulidwe a gawo.
Kugwirana Chanza kwa CNC: Chifukwa Chake Machining Siwongoganizira
Izi zimatsogolera ku mfundo yofunika kwambiri yomwe nthawi zambiri imanyalanyazidwa: kuchoka ku kuponyera kupita ku makina. Gawo labwino kwambiri ngati silingagwire ntchito ngati silingasungidwe motetezeka mu CNC vise kapena ngati ma datamu ovuta sadali odalirika. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuphatikiza kwa kuponyera ndi CNC makina Pansi pa denga limodzi, monga QSY imachitira, ndi mwayi waukulu wogwira ntchito. Akatswiri opangira phula amatha kupanga mtengo wa sera ndikuphatikiza malipiro opangira makina potengera kuchulukira kwenikweni ndi kupotoza komwe amawona pa aloyi woperekedwa. Atha kuwonjezera ziwiya zoponya m'malo osafunikira makamaka kuti makinawa agwiritse ntchito ngati zosintha.
Ndakhala kumbali yokonza makina ndikuyesera kugwiritsira ntchito turbine turbine blade yopanda malo ogwirizana. Ndi maloto owopsa. Mukamaliza kupanga nsagwada zofewa zotsika mtengo kapenanso kumanga chokhazikika, chomwe chimapha phindu la kuponya pafupi ndi maukonde. Pamene magulu oponya ndi makina amalankhulana kuchokera ku gawo la mapangidwe, amatha kugwirizana pazinthu monga kuwonjezera ma flats ang'onoang'ono ofanana pa flange kapena kuonetsetsa kuti bore ndi lozungulira kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito ngati datum yoyamba. Imatembenuza njira yotsatizana kukhala yofanana.
The Machining a zigawo oponya amatumikiranso monga mtheradi khalidwe ndemanga kuzungulira. Katswiri wamakina ndi woyamba kuwona subsurface porosity, mawanga olimba, kapena inclusions. Ngati kuponyera ndi makina ndi magulu osiyana, ndemangazi sizichedwa ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsutsana (kujambula kwanu koyipa kwaphwanya chida changa). Ikakhala shopu imodzi, chidziwitsocho chimabwereranso kumalo oyambira kuti chisinthidwe mwachangu.
Kupeza ndi Kudyetsa: Zomangamanga Zosaoneka
Bwererani ku njira yoponya yoyera. Mapangidwe a njira yolowera ndi chakudya - njira zoperekera zitsulo ndi malo osungiramo madzi omwe amadyetsa kuchepa - ndipamene luso ndi sayansi zimagwirizanitsa. Kuyerekeza kwa mapulogalamu kumathandiza tsopano, koma kumafunikirabe kutanthauzira kodziwika bwino. Cholinga chake ndikukwaniritsa kukhazikika kwachitsogozo, komwe gawolo limalimba kuchokera kutali kwambiri kubwerera ku chakudya, chomwe chiyenera kukhala chomaliza kulimbitsa.
Kulephera wamba mu zitsulo zopangira ndalama akulingalira molakwika izi. Poyamba tinali ndi nyumba yapampu yokhuthala yokhala ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Kuyerekeza kumawoneka koyera, koma tinali ndi kabowo kakang'ono mu ukonde wonyamula katundu wovuta. Kuyerekezerako kunali kumapangitsa kuti chipolopolocho chiwotche bwino. Kunena zoona, kusiyana pang'ono kwa m'deralo mu makulidwe a zipolopolo kunapanga malo otentha omwe amasokoneza kutsogolo. Njira yothetsera vutoli inali kuwonjezera kaziziridwe kakang'ono, koyikidwa bwino, kachidutswa kakang'ono ka mkuwa komwe kamalowetsa m'chigobacho, kuti m'deralo muzizizira mofulumira. Ndi zokonza zazing'ono izi zomwe zimabwera kuchokera kuzaka zakuchita ndi kuwona.
Chinthu chinanso chochenjera ndi kutsanulira komweko. Ndi ma aloyi ambiri, simungangotayiramo zitsulo. Pali njira zina monga kutsanulira kuti muchepetse chipwirikiti komanso kupewa kukola mpweya kapena slag. Kwa ma alloys ena ogwira ntchito, mutha kutsanulira pansi pachitetezo. Ndi ndondomeko izi zomwe zimalekanitsa kasamalidwe kazinthu kuchokera kuukadaulo.
Muyeso Weniweni: Kusasinthasintha Kwa Nthawi
Kotero, chimene chimatanthauza wokhoza kuponya ndalama wogulitsa? Sikutha kupanga prototype imodzi yabwino. Ndikutha kuyendetsa batch 001 ndi batch 100 yokhala ndi kukhazikika kofananako, kumalizidwa kwapamwamba, komanso makina amakina. Apa ndipamene zaka 30 zogwira ntchito zamakampani monga Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology zimakhala chuma chogwirika. Zimatanthawuza kuti akhazikitsa njira zawo zosinthira - slurry viscosity, stucco application, dewaxing autoclave cycles, ng'anjo yamoto-kupyolera mu kuyang'anira kosalekeza ndi kusintha.
Kusasinthasintha kumakhudzanso kuyang'anira mapangidwe a sera. Ma jakisoni a sera, kusakanikirana kwa sera (komwe kungakhale kwa mwini wake), komanso momwe amasungiramo phula zonse zimakhudza miyeso yomaliza. Sitolo yomwe ili ndi chidziwitso cha nthawi yayitali imakhala ndi nkhokwe ya zinthu zocheperako zama aloyi osiyanasiyana ndi ma geometries omwe amapitilira kuchuluka kwamabuku, oyeretsedwa ndi mbiri yawo yoyezera.
Pamapeto pake, kuponya bwino kwachuma kwachitsulo ndikuwongolera zowongolera zolumikizidwa. Ndi kumvetsetsa kuti chisankho mu chipinda cha sera chikufanana ndi kutentha kwa ng'anjo yotentha, komanso kuti kupulumutsa pa zinthu za chipolopolo kungawononge ndalama zambiri pokonza zinyalala. Njirayi imawulula zinsinsi zake pang'onopang'ono, kupyolera mu kuyang'ana kwa odwala komanso nthawi zina kulephera kowawa. Zikachitidwa bwino, zimapanga zigawo zomwe zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri, zovuta, komanso zogwira mtima - koma kufika kumeneko sikophweka. Ndi zakuya, zothandiza unyolo wa chifukwa ndi zotsatira kuti inu kwenikweni ndalama pamene inu kusankha bwenzi kwa castings wanu.
