Stainless Steel 304 (yomwe nthawi zambiri imalembedwa kuti SUS304 kapena AISI304) ndichomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso chosasunthika chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic padziko lonse lapansi. Kalasi yake yaku China ndi 06Cr19Ni10. Zotsatirazi zikupereka kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za kapangidwe kake, makina amakina, ndi magawo ogwiritsira ntchito Stainless Steel 304.
I. Core Chemical Composition
Kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso makina a Stainless Steel 304 amatsimikiziridwa ndi kapangidwe kake kake. Mitundu yayikulu (malinga ndi ASTM A240standard) ndi motere:
| Chinthu | Kusiyanasiyana (wt%) | Ntchito Yaikulu |
| Chromium (Cr) | 18.0–20.0% | Core element: Imapanga filimu yowundana ya chromium oxide, yopereka "zopanda" komanso kukana dzimbiri. |
| Nickel (Ndi) | 8.0–10.5% | Chofunika kwambiri: Imakhazikika mawonekedwe a austenitic, kupereka kulimba kwabwino, osati maginito, kuwotcherera, komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri. |
| Mpweya (C) | ≤0.08% | Imawonjezera mphamvu. Komabe, zomwe zili ndi mpweya wambiri zimatha kuyambitsa dzimbiri pakati pa granular pambuyo pakuwotcherera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mtundu wa 304L wa carbon otsika. |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤2.0% | Imawonjezera mphamvu ndikulowa m'malo mwa nickel. |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤0.75% | Imagwira ntchito ngati deoxidizer komanso imathandizira kutentha kwambiri. |
| Phosphorous (P) | ≤0.045% | Zonyansa, zimafunikira kuwongolera (kumachepetsa kulimba). |
| Sulfure (S) | ≤0.030% | Chodetsa chinthu, chimafuna kuwongolera (chimakhudza magwiridwe antchito otentha). |
| Nayitrogeni (N) | ≤0.10% | Ikhoza kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu, makamaka kwa 304L. |
| Chitsulo (Fe) | Kusamala | Chitsulo choyambira. |
Kusiyana kwamakhemikali amitundu yotengedwa:
304l pa: Mpweya (C) ≤ 0.03%, kuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha weld sensitization.
304H: Mpweya (C) 0.04–0.10%, wopangidwa kuti upangitse mphamvu zotentha kwambiri komanso zokwawa.
II. Zofananira Zamakina
Zomwe zimapangidwira kutentha kwa chipinda cha Stainless Steel 304 mu njira yothetsera yankho (yomwe imaperekedwa kwambiri) ndi motere:
| Chizindikiro cha Ntchito | Mtengo Wodziwika | Kufotokozera |
| Kulimbitsa Mphamvu | ≥515 MPa | The pazipita amakokedwe mphamvu zakuthupi akhoza kupirira pamaso fracturing. |
| Zokolola Mphamvu (0.2% kuchepetsa) | ≥205 MPa | Kupsyinjika komwe zinthu zimayamba kusinthika kosatha. |
| Elongation (50mm gauge kutalika) | ≥40% | Chizindikiro chofunikira: Kutalikira kwambiri kumawonetsa pulasitiki wabwino kwambiri komanso kulimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupanga njira zozizira monga kujambula mozama ndi kupindika. |
| Kuuma (Brinell Kuuma HB) | ≤201 HB | Kuuma pang'ono, kuwonetsa chizolowezi choumitsa ntchito (kumakhala kovuta panthawi yopangira makina). |
| Modulus of Elasticity | ~ 193 GPA | Mofanana ndi carbon steel, muyeso wa kuuma kwakuthupi. |
| Kuchulukana | ~7.93g/cm³ | Pang'ono pang'ono kuposa carbon steel. |
Makhalidwe Ofunikira:
Zopanda maginito: Zopanda maginito zomwe zili m'kati mwake. Komabe, pambuyo pozizira (monga kudula, kupindika, kupondaponda), austenite ina imatha kusintha kukhala martensite, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maginito afooke. Zowona siziyenera kuweruzidwa ndi maginito.
Kulimbitsa Ntchito: Mofulumira kumakhala kovuta komanso mwamphamvu panthawi yozizira, koma pulasitiki imachepa. Kupanga kovutirapo kungafunike kuyatsa kwapakati.
III. Main Application Fields
Chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwambiri, Stainless Steel 304 imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi m'mafakitale ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku:
| Munda Wofunsira | Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mwachindunji | Zifukwa Zosankhira 304 |
| Cookware & Food Industry | Miphika, mbale, beseni, masinki, ma countertops; zida zopangira chakudya, akasinja osungira, mapaipi, ziwiya zophikira. | Chitetezo & Ukhondo: Zosachita dzimbiri, zosavuta kuyeretsa, zopanda zinthu zovulaza (zakudya). |
| Zomangamanga & Zokongoletsa | Makoma a nsalu, zitseko / zenera, zida zamanja, zokongoletsera za elevator, denga, zida zamapangidwe. | Zokongola & Zokhalitsa: Zomaliza zamitundu yosiyanasiyana (zopukutidwa, kalirole, zopukutidwa ndi mchenga), kukana dzimbiri mumlengalenga, moyo wautali. |
| Zida Zamakampani & Chemicals | Matanki osungira, zosinthira kutentha, mapaipi, zotengera zotayira (za media zosawononga kwambiri), makina a nsalu/mapepala. | General Corrosion Resistance: Kukana kwabwino kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamankhwala ndi malo opangira mafakitale, kugwira ntchito bwino. |
| Zida Zapakhomo | Ng'oma zamakina ochapira, zoyatsira zotenthetsera madzi, zotengera mu uvuni wa microwave, zounikira mufiriji, zamkati zotsuka mbale. | Zosagwirizana ndi chinyezi / nthunzi zowonongeka, zokondweretsa, zolimba kwambiri. |
| Mayendedwe | Kuchepetsa magalimoto, zamkati mwa njanji, zida zotengera, zida zamakina otulutsa mpweya. | Kukana kwanyengo yabwino, yabwino kupanga ndi kuwotcherera. |
| Zachipatala & Zamankhwala | (Imafunika chithandizo chapadera) Zida zopangira opaleshoni, nyumba zokhala ndi zida zosabala, zida zolumikizirana zosagwirizana ndi zida zamankhwala. | Zosavuta kuyeretsa ndi kuthirira, kugonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala wamba. |
| Mphamvu & Zachilengedwe | Flue gas desulfurization units, non-core components mu nuclear power plant, solar panel mounting brackets. | Kuchita kodalirika m'malo owononga pang'ono. |
IV. Chidule
Chitsulo Chosapanga dzimbiri 304, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kake koyenera (18/8 chromium-nickel), imapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri, mawonekedwe osayerekezeka, komanso kuwotcherera, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale "chitsulo chapadziko lonse". Ndilo chisankho chachuma komanso chodalirika m'malo ambiri ochiritsira. Pokhapokha poyang'anizana ndi malo okhala ndi chloride wambiri (monga madzi a m'nyanja, mchere wothira icing) kapena zida zowononga kwambiri zamankhwala, m'pamene m'pofunika kuganizira zokwezera ku molybdenum yokhala ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 316.
