Stainless Steel 316 (US standard ASTM S31600, Chinese standard 06Cr17Ni12Mo2) ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha molybdenum, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa "zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zam'madzi" chifukwa cha kukana kwa dzimbiri. Zimakhazikitsidwa ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 304 ndi kuwonjezera kwa 2-3% molybdenum (Mo), zomwe zimakulitsa kwambiri kukana kwake kutsekera ndi kuwonongeka kwa ming'alu.
Ⅰ.Makhalidwe Ofunikira
1.Exceptional Corrosion Resistance: Kuwonjezera kwa molybdenum kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yopambana kwambiri m'madera a chloride (mwachitsanzo, madzi a m'nyanja, kutsitsi mchere), ndi kukana kwa pitting kuposa 304 zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Kuwonongeka kwake mu 10% sulfuric acid kungakhale kosakwana 0.1 mm / chaka.
2.Kutentha Kwambiri Magwiridwe: Kutentha kwabwino kwapamwamba komanso kukana kwa okosijeni, ndi kutentha kosalekeza kwa utumiki mpaka 870°C ndi utumiki wapakatikati mpaka 925°C.
3.Mechanical Properties: Mphamvu zokolola ≥205 MPa, mphamvu zamakokedwe ≥515 MPa, elongation ≥40%, yopereka kulimba kwabwino ndi kulimba kwa ntchito.
4. Low Magnetism: Non-magnetic mu njira yothetsera-annealed; itha kukhala maginito pang'ono pambuyo pozizira ntchito. Zoyenera zida zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi maginito.
Ⅱ.Mapangidwe a Chemical (Zizindikiro Zofunika)
| Chinthu | Mndandanda wazinthu | Ntchito |
| Mpweya (C) | ≤0.08% | Amalamulira intergranular dzimbiri |
| Chromium (Cr) | 16.0-18.0% | Amapanga filimu yokhazikika, imalepheretsa dzimbiri |
| Nickel (Ndi) | 10.0-14.0% | Imakhazikika mawonekedwe a austenitic, kukana kwa asidi |
| Molybdenum (Mo). | 2.0-3.0%. | Core element, imapereka kukana kwa pitting |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤2.00% | Deoxidizer |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤0.75% | Deoxidizer |
Ⅲ.Zofananira Zamakina
Katundu Wakutentha kwa Zipinda (Solution-Annealed State)
Ili ndiye gawo lodziwika bwino la zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 316, zomwe zimapereka malo abwino.
| Katundu | Mtengo Wodziwika | Zofunika Zokhazikika (ASTM A240) |
| Mphamvu yamagetsi (Rm) | 515 - 620 MPa | ≥ 515 MPa |
| Mphamvu Zokolola (Rp0.2) | 205 - 310 MPa | ≥ 205 MPa |
| Elongation (A) | 40% - 50% | ≥ 40% |
| Kulimba (HBW) | 149-217 | ≤217 |
| Elastic Modulus (E) | 193 GPA | - |
Zolemba:
1.Kulimba Kwambiri: Zokolola mphamvu mozungulira 200-300 MPa, kupangitsa kukhala kosavuta kupanga ndi kukonza.
2.Pulasitiki Yabwino Kwambiri: Elongation nthawi zambiri imakhala yopitilira 40%, kuwonetsa kulimba kwambiri komanso kukana kusweka kwa brittle.
3.Kuumitsa Ntchito: Mphamvu ndi kuuma kumawonjezeka kwambiri panthawi yozizira (mwachitsanzo, kuzizira kozizira, kujambula), koma pulasitiki imachepa.
Ⅳ.Magawo Oyambira Ofunsira
1.Umisiri wa Marine: Zosungirako zonyamula katundu, nsanja zakunyanja, zida zochotsa mchere.
2.Chemical & Energy Industries: Zopangira magetsi, mapaipi, zosinthira kutentha (zosamva zidulo/ma alkali).
3.Medical & Food Industries: Zida zopangira opaleshoni, zida zamankhwala, makina opangira chakudya (amakwaniritsa miyezo yaukhondo).
4.Architecture & Decoration: Kumanga makoma a nsalu zotchinga, njanji m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja (zosagwirizana ndi dzimbiri zopopera mchere).
Ⅴ.Common Derived Grades
316l ndi: Low-carbon version (C≤0.03%), weldability bwino ndi intergranular dzimbiri kukana, oyenera heavy-gawo welded zigawo zikuluzikulu.
316H: Mtundu wa carbon-high, mphamvu yotentha kwambiri, yoyenera kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri.
