Mukamva 'ufa zitsulo zachitsulo', chithunzi chomwe chilipo chikhoza kukhala cha zigawo zangwiro izi, zogwira ntchito kwambiri kuchokera mu pepala la data labu. Zowona m'mashopu nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosokoneza, ndikugulitsana pakati pa microstructure yabwino ndi chuma chankhanza chopanga. Sizongokhudza kukanikiza ndi kuimba; ndi za kuyang'anira zoyembekeza - zonse zakuthupi ndi za kasitomala.
Kusiyana Pakati pa Spec Sheet ndi Shop Floor
Nthawi zambiri timapeza mafunso, nthawi zina kudzera kwa anzathu ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chozama pakupanga ndi kukonza, ndikufunsa ngati gawo lomwe lapangidwa pakalipano kudzera pakuyika ndalama lingasinthidwe kukhala ufa zitsulo za mtengo kapena ntchito. Funso loyamba ndilakuti sitingathe? koma tiyenera? Kwa zida zovuta zomwe zimafunikira mphamvu zotopa kwambiri, PM akhoza kupambana. Koma m'nyumba zosavuta, zokhala ndi mipanda yolimba, kuponyedwa kwachikhalidwe kapena kupanga makina opangira mipiringidzo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsika mtengo, makamaka pama voliyumu otsika. Kukopa kwa mawonekedwe apafupi ndi ukonde ndikwamphamvu, koma mtengo wa zida za zida zovutazo zitha kukhala zakupha projekiti.
Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti ya chigawo cha hydraulic valve. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa 7.4 g/cm3 kwa ufa zitsulo zitsulo kuonetsetsa kutayikira-kulimba. Tidakwanitsa izi kudzera kukanikiza kawiri ndi kuseketsa, koma kusuntha kwapambuyo kwapambuyo kunali kowopsa. Gawolo linkawoneka bwino likutuluka mu ng'anjo, koma miyeso ya CMM idanenanso nkhani ina. Tidakhala milungu ingapo tikupanga mawonekedwe a pre-form, ndikumanga mopotoza mbali ina, zomwe zimamveka ngati zotsutsana. Zinagwira ntchito, koma zidawonjezera 15% ku nthawi yachitukuko. Ndiwo mtengo wobisika—kubwerezabwereza.
Apa ndipamene kukhala ndi bwenzi la Machining sikungakambirane. Ngakhale ndi njira yabwino kwambiri ya PM, nthawi zambiri mumafunika chiphaso chomaliza cha kulekerera kapena kumalizidwa kwapamwamba. Kampani ngati QSY, ndi awo CNC makina ukatswiri, amakhala wofunikira. Inu simungakhoze basi kuwapatsa iwo gawo sintered ndi kuyembekezera zozizwitsa; zinthuzi zimagwira ntchito mosiyana ndi chitsulo chopangidwa. Zimakhala zopweteka kwambiri ndipo zimatha kukhala ndi porosity. Tinaphunzira kutchula kachulukidwe ka sintered ndi kuuma kwa zojambula zomwe timatumiza kwa akatswiri okonza makina, osati kalasi ya alloy. Cholemba ngati chili ndi porosity yotsalira, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zakuthwa kumapulumutsa aliyense mutu.
Zinthu Zakuthupi Kupitilira Chitsulo ndi Kaboni
Pansi pake chitsulo ufa ndi chinsalu chabe. Zojambulazo zili mu zowonjezera - ufa wopangidwa kale ndi mafuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito ufa wophatikizika wophatikizika ngati Distaloy, wokhala ndi faifi tambala ndi mkuwa wolowetsedwa kale mu tinthu tachitsulo, kumapereka zinthu zofananira pambuyo pakuwotcha poyerekeza ndi kungosakaniza ufa woyambira. Koma ndi okwera mtengo. Pogwiritsa ntchito zovala zapamwamba, tikhoza kupita ndi ufa wachitsulo wopangidwa kale ndi molybdenum, kenaka kuwonjezera mkuwa ndi graphite kuti ukhale wolimba. Kutentha kumakhala kovutirapo - kupukuta pang'ono kapena ammonia wosweka kuti ateteze kuchotsedwa kwa carburization. Chitani cholakwikacho, ndipo chitsulo chanu cholimba sichidzauma.
Pali malingaliro olakwika oti magawo a PM amakhala ofooka. Sizoona ngati atachita bwino. Kupyolera mu njira zowumitsa zochitika ngati carbonitriding, takwanitsa kuuma kwa 60 HRC pa ufa zitsulo zitsulo zida zotumizira magalimoto. Chinsinsi ndicho kupeza kachulukidwe kokwanira poyamba. Gawo la 6.8 g/cm3 lidzakhala ndi porosity yolumikizana yomwe imanyowetsa mpweya wotsekemera ndikubweretsa kukuya kwamilandu kosagwirizana. Ikankhireni ku 7.2 kapena kupitilira apo, ndipo imakhala ngati chinthu cholimba panthawi yotentha.
Nkhani yolephereka: tidayeserapo kupanga chowongolera chaching'ono, champhamvu kwambiri ndi undercut. Kapangidwe kameneka kanafuna kuti kachipangizo kakang'ono kapangidwe kamene kamakanikiza kuti apewe makina achiwiri. Zinkawoneka zanzeru. Koma panthawi yotulutsidwa kuchokera ku ufa, gawo losakhwima lija, lopangidwa koma silinasungunuke (limene timatcha gawo lobiriwira), limasweka pafupifupi nthawi zonse. Tinayesa zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana zamafuta mu ufa wosakaniza kuti tiyendetse bwino ndikuchepetsa kukangana, koma kupsinjika kwamakina kunali kwakukulu kwambiri. Tinayenera kukonzanso gawolo, kufewetsa mawonekedwe ndikuvomera ntchito yamtsogolo ya CNC kuti tipange njira yochepetsera. Unali nkhani yachikale ya overestimating zomwe mphamvu zobiriwira zimatha kuthana nazo. Phunziro linali lokonzekera ndondomeko, osati kukakamiza ndondomeko kuti igwirizane ndi mapangidwewo.
PM Akakumana ndi Njira Zina
Awa ndi malo osangalatsa. Makampani ngati Mtengo wa QSY khazikika mu kuponya ndalama ndi chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera. Ndiye PM amapikisana liti, ndipo amakwaniritsa liti? Kwa ma aloyi omwe amadziwika kuti ndi ovuta kupanga makina, monga ma superalloys opangidwa ndi faifi tambala, onse a PM ndi kuponya ndalama ndizopikisana. PM ikhoza kupereka mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri ambewu. Komabe, pazigawo zazikulu kwambiri (ganizirani zopitirira 10 kg), kukanikiza kwakukulu kumakhala kosatheka, ndipo kuponyera kumalamulirabe. Tawonapo njira zosakanizidwa pomwe mawonekedwe a PM pre-form amasinthidwa ndikuphatikizidwa ndi gulu lopangidwa ndi makina kapena makina opangira ma brazing kapena kuwotcherera. Ndi niche, koma imathetsa mavuto enaake.
Pa webusayiti yawo, tsngtaocnc.com, QSY imatchula zinthu monga cobalt-based and nickel-based alloys. Awa ndi omwe amasankhidwa kukhala PM, makamaka magawo omwe amafunikira kutentha kwambiri komanso kuvala, monga mipando ya ma valve kapena ma turbine. Njira ya ufa imatha kuchepetsa zinyalala za zinthu zotayira zodulazi. Chovuta ndikuwachotsa popanda kuyambitsa zoipitsa; nthawi zambiri zimafunikira ng'anjo zavuni zambiri. Mtengo wa nthawi ya ng'anjoyo umawotchedwa pamtengo wagawo. Chifukwa chake masanjidwe azisankho nthawi zonse amabwerera ku voliyumu, zovuta, komanso mtengo wazinthu.
Ndimaona kuti ma post-sintering ndi osangalatsa. Gawo losiyidwa silinathe. Itha kufunikira kusanjidwa (kukanikiziranso komaliza mu kufa), chithandizo cha nthunzi chapamwamba cha oxide ndi kusindikiza pang'ono, kapena njira zingapo zokutira kapena zokutira. Nthawi ina tinali ndi zigawo zingapo zomwe zidapambana mayeso onse amakina koma zidalephera kuyesa kupopera mchere kuti zisawonongeke. Kupumirako, ngakhale sikunalumikizidwe, kunali kutsekereza njira ya plating, yomwe pambuyo pake idatuluka ndikupangitsa matuza. Kukonzako kunali gawo loyikira utomoni musanayambe plating - njira yosavuta, yotsika mtengo yomwe nthawi zonse simakhala pa pepala lokhazikika koma ndiyofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zina.
The Economic Reality ndi Niche Strengths
Pamapeto pake, ufa zitsulo zitsulo si chipolopolo chamatsenga. Ndi ndondomeko yokhala ndi malo okoma kwambiri. Kuchulukirachulukira (kuti amotize zida), zocheperako mpaka zovuta kwambiri (kuti muwonjezere mwayi wamawonekedwe a ukonde), ndi zinthu zomwe zimapindula ndi microstructure ya PM. Ganizirani za sprockets zama injini zamagalimoto, zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, kapena zida zotsekera. Kwa ma prototypes amodzi kapena ma voliyumu otsika kwambiri, nthawi zambiri mumakhala bwino kuti mupange makina olimba, ngakhale atakhala owononga. Nkhani yosiyanitsa ndi nkhani yosalekeza ya mkangano.
Kumene kumawaliradi ndi kuphatikiza zinthu zomwe simungathe kuzipeza kwina. Kupanga gawo ndi kapangidwe ka gradient-titi, malekezero amodzi olemera mkuwa kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino matenthedwe ndi enanso kukhala chitsulo chokhazikika champhamvu-ndizotheka mumayendedwe amodzi osindikizira-sinter ndi mapangidwe anzeru akufa ndi kusanjika kwa ufa. Tinayesa njira yodzitchinjiriza tokha monga chonchi, pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chokhala ndi porous chomwe chimalowetsedwa ndi polima. Zinagwira ntchito, koma kuwongolera kuzama kolowera nthawi zonse kunali vuto lomwe sitinathetseretu popanga zambiri.
Kuyang'ana mawonekedwe okulirapo, mgwirizano pakati pa opanga ma PM ndi akatswiri opanga makina olondola ndi omwe amapereka gawo logwira ntchito. Olimba ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. imayimira kuthekera kwapansi komwe kumapangitsa PM kukhala yotheka kuti agwiritse ntchito molondola. Timapanga mawonekedwe apafupi-ukonde opanda kanthu ndi zinthu zake zoyendetsedwa; amachifikitsa ku malo ake omaliza ndi omaliza. Ndi gawo lomwe limafunikira kumvetsetsa kogawana - podziwa kuti malo opindika ndi osiyana, kudziwa komwe kuli porosity, ndikusintha ma feed, kuthamanga, ndi njira zazida moyenera. Kukambitsirana kumeneko, kuposa chida chilichonse, ndiko kutembenuza ufa wachitsulo kukhala gawo lodalirika la makina.
