Mukamva 'opanga magawo olondola', malingaliro ambiri amalumphira molunjika ku zololera ndi ma certs. Ndiwo maziko, tikiti yopita kumasewera. Nkhani yeniyeni, yomwe imalekanitsa wothandizira ogwira ntchito kuchokera kwa bwenzi lenileni, imachitika m'madera otuwa pakati pa manambala amenewo-potanthauzira zolemba zojambula, kusamalira kusamvetsetseka kwa mapangidwe, kapena chisankho choyitana kasitomala pa 2 AM chifukwa gulu la ng'anjo linkawoneka lopanda mtundu pang'ono. Sizongopanga gawo; ndikumvetsetsa kupsinjika kosadziwika komwe kungabweretse.
Masewera a Zipolopolo: Zoposa Nkhungu Yokha
Kuponyera nkhungu za Shell kumayikidwa ngati malo otsika mtengo apakati, ndipo zili choncho, koma izi zimatsitsa kusiyana kwake. Mchenga wa silika ndi utomoni wosakanikirana - 'chipolopolo' - kusasinthasintha kwake ndi chirichonse. Zowonongeka kwambiri, ndipo mumapeza ma inclusions kapena ming'alu ya nkhungu pakutsanulira. Kusinthasintha kwambiri, ndi kukhazikika kwa dimensional kumatuluka pawindo. Tinaphunzira izi koyambirira ndi gulu la nyumba zopopera kasitomala. Zigawozo zidadutsa macheke oyambira koma zidalephera kuyesa kukakamiza pamalo a kasitomala. Wolakwa? Kukokoloka kwa mchenga kwa microscopic mu othamanga dongosolo lomwe sitinawerengepo, zomwe zinasintha kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake kuti apange chipwirikiti ndi porosity m'magawo ovuta. Tsambalo linati 'kuponya chipolopolo cha chipolopolo,' koma kulephera kunanena kuti sitinamvetsetse mphamvu yamadzimadzi ya ndondomeko yathu ya geometry yeniyeniyo.
Ndiko kumene zaka 30 zimabwera, monga pa malo ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.. Ulamuliro umenewo si chiwerengero chabe; ndi laibulale ya izi yaying'ono-zolephera ndi kukonza. Zikutanthauza kuti mwina awona zomwe zimachitika pakusakanikirana kwa chipolopolocho mu chinyezi chambiri motsutsana ndi nyengo youma, ndipo asintha matenthedwe asanayambe kutentha moyenerera. Ndi chidziwitso cha mafuko chomwe sichimafika ku kabuku ka malonda.
Kuponya ndalama, kapena sera yotayika, ndiye mzati wina. Chikokacho ndizovuta kwambiri, koma msampha ukuganiza kuti zovuta zonse ndizofanana. Mphepete yopyapyala, yotalikirapo komanso yokhuthala, yachunky mbali imodzi imatha kuzizira mosiyanasiyana. Mutha kukhala ndi jekeseni wabwino kwambiri wa sera ndi chipolopolo cha ceramic, koma ngati kuyerekezera kolimba kwazimitsidwa kapena kunyalanyazidwa, mukutchova njuga. Nthawi ina tinathira gulu lokongola la zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, koma tinapeza ming'alu ya tsitsi muzitsulo pambuyo pa kutentha. Kupanikizika kunatsekedwa mkati mwa kuzizira; yankho silinali sera bwino, koma kukonzanso kwa gating dongosolo kulamulira matenthedwe gradients, chinachake chimene chimafunika kukhala pansi ndi injiniya kasitomala ndi hashing kunja kunyengerera.
Maze Yakuthupi: Ma Alloys Sanapangidwe Ofanana
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Zikumveka molunjika. Koma 304L motsutsana ndi 316L pakugwiritsa ntchito panyanja? Ndiko kuyitana koonekeratu. Chisangalalo chenicheni chimayamba ndi 'ma aloyi apadera' - opangidwa ndi faifi tambala komanso opangidwa ndi cobalt. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa kumadera ovuta kwambiri: kutentha kwakukulu, dzimbiri, kuvala. Chomwe chimagwira ndikuti, machitidwe awo pakuponya siwofanana. Amakhala ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri, mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a shrinkage, ndipo amatha kukhala okhudzidwa ndi kufufuza zinthu.
Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yokhudzana ndi aloyi ya cobalt ya mbale yovala. Chemistry inali yofotokozera, makinawo adayesedwa bwino pamakoni. Koma m’munda, mbaliyo inkavala mosagwirizana. Pambuyo pa kukanda kwambiri mutu ndi kusanthula zitsulo, zinapezeka kuti nkhaniyo inali kugawa kwa carbide. Kuzizira komwe tidagwiritsa ntchito, komwe kunali kofanana ndi chitsulo chazida, sikunali koyenera kulimbikitsa maunifolomu, network yabwino ya carbide mu aloyi ya cobalt iyi. Tidayenera kupanga njira yoziziritsira yogwirizana, pafupifupi njira yochizira kutentha kwapambuyo potulutsa, kuti tikonze mawonekedwe a microstructure. Chojambula cha kasitomala changonena kuti Co-Cr-W aloyi, ASTM XXXX. Chowonadi chopanga chinali kuyesa kwa masabata awiri a chitukuko.
Apa ndipamene nkhani za wopanga zimafunikira. Sitolo yomwe imanena kuti inde inde, timapanga ma aloyi a faifi tambala ndi yosiyana ndi yomwe yapereka zoyatsira ng'anjo ndi ma thermocouple kwa iwo, kuti apewe kuipitsidwa. Izo ziri mu tsatanetsatane wawo CNC makina ndondomeko, nayenso. Kupanga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cholimba ndi chinthu chimodzi; Kudula zitsulo za nickel zowumitsa mvula kumafunikira zida zosiyanasiyana, ma feed, ndi liwiro kuti apewe kuuma kwa pamwamba kuti zisawonongeke.
CNC: Kumene Kuyimitsidwa Kumakumana Padziko Lonse
Iyi ndiye gawo lodzipangira kapena lopuma. Mutha kutsanulira kuponya koyenera, koma ngati makinawo sanaphatikizidwe ndikukonzekera kuyambira pachiyambi, mwamira. Ndi za kusankha datum, malipiro a masheya, ndikumvetsetsa 'umunthu' wa oponya.
Vuto lalikulu ndikuyesa kuponya ngati mtengo wofanana wa katundu. Si. Pakhoza kukhala porosity pang'ono pansi pa khungu m'dera limodzi, kapena kupsinjika kotsalira kuchokera ku kuzizira. Kudula kolemera, mwamakani koyamba pamalo olakwika kungathe kusokoneza mbaliyo kapena kung'amba zinthu. Tinapanga thupi lalikulu la valve kamodzi, chitsulo choponyera chitsulo. Opaleshoni yoyamba inali kuyang'anizana ndi flange yokwera. Titangotulutsa mphamvu ya clamping, gawolo linawerama. Kuchepetsa kupsinjika pakuchotsa khungu lapamwambalo kunapangitsa kuti kupsinjika kobisika kugawikenso. Tinayenera kubwerezanso ntchitozo, kutenga zopepuka, zochepetsera pang'onopang'ono kuti gawolo likhale lokhazikika.
Kwa utumiki wathunthu mwatsatanetsatane kuponyera zigawo wopanga, makinawo si vuto la subkontrakta; ndiko kupitiriza kwa kuponya. Ku QSY, mwachitsanzo, kukhala ndi zonse zoponya ndi CNC makina pansi pa denga limodzi sizinthu zokhazo. Zimatanthawuza kuti gulu lopanga makina likudziwa kuchepa kwa ndalama zomwe amagulitsa, kapena mawanga olimba mu zidutswa zawo za nkhungu. Amatha kusiya katundu wowonjezera pamalo odziwika ovuta popanda kufunsidwa. Malingaliro amenewo pakati pa malo oyambira ndi malo ogulitsira a CNC sawoneka kwa kasitomala koma wofunikira pazotsatira zake.
Phokoso Lakulumikizana: Zojambula motsutsana ndi Cholinga
Izi zitha kukhala gwero lalikulu la mutu. Chojambula ndi chikalata chazamalamulo komanso chaukadaulo, koma ndimasulira molakwika pamalingaliro a injiniya. Kumapeto kwa pamwamba, mawu osamveka bwino ozungulira mbali zonse, malo osinthika osadziŵika - awa ndi malo okhumudwitsa.
Ndawonapo zojambula za a kuponya molondola gawo lokhala ndi zololera zolimba kuposa zomwe njira yoponyera m'munsi imatha kugwira bwino, pazinthu zosafunikira. Kutchula zimenezo mwakhungu ndi msampha. Kusuntha kwa akatswiri ndikunyamula foni. Tikuwona izi +/- 0.1mm kulolerana pa bwana wokwera uyu. Kodi ndiko kulinganiza, kapena kukwanira kokwanira? Chifukwa ngati ndi chilolezo, titha kukhala ndi kulekerera kwachuma komanso kukutsimikizirani kuti chikugwirizana ndi gawo lanu lokwerera. Theka la nthawi, injiniya amayamikira funso; ayenera kuti anakopera tsatanetsatane wa chithunzi china. Theka lina, limavumbulutsa chofunikira chofunikira chomwe chimafunikira njira yosiyana, monga kusunthira kumalo opangidwa mwaluso.
Ndi za kumveka bwino, osati kuphedwa kokha. Webusaiti ya opanga, monga tsngtaocnc.com, ikhoza kuwonetsa kuthekera, koma kuyesa kwenikweni kuli muzokambirana zokonzekeratu izi. Kodi amafunsa mafunso anzeru? Kodi amapangira ma tweaks a manufacturability (DFM) omwe amathandizira kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yosavuta popanda kusokoneza ntchito? Ndicho chizindikiro cha zochitika.
Zolephera monga Curriculum
Palibe mubizinesiyi yemwe ali ndi mbiri yabwino. Amene mukufuna kugwira nawo ntchito ndi omwe ali ndi zolemba zolephera zomwe zafufuzidwa bwino. Wopanga wabwino sabisa izi; amakhazikitsa maphunziro.
Tidakumana ndi tsoka loyambilira ndi zida zingapo zopangira ndalama za aluminiyamu-bronze. Iwo anapitiriza kusonyeza anamwazikana micro-porosity. Tinayang'ana chirichonse: sera, chipolopolo, kutentha kwa kutentha, dewaxing. Pomaliza, munthu wakale dzanja foundryman anafunsa za chinyezi m'dera kusungirako kwa mbuye sera mapatani. Zinali zapamwamba. Mapangidwewo adayamwa chinyontho chongokwanira kuti pakuwotcha (steam autoclave), madzi adasanduka nthunzi mkati mwa chipolopolo cha ceramic mwamphamvu kwambiri, ndikuwononga pang'ono kulowa kwake. Kukonza kunali kusungirako chitsanzo choyendetsedwa ndi nyengo. Kasinthasintha kakang'ono, kosawoneka bwino.
Ndiwo mtundu wa chidziwitso cha granular, chopambana movutikira chomwe chimatanthawuza opareshoni yokhwima. Ndi chifukwa chake powunika a mwatsatanetsatane kuponyera zigawo wopanga, simuyenera kufunsa kuti mungathe kuchita izi? koma ndi zoopsa zitatu ziti zomwe mumawona ndi gawoli, ndipo mungachepetse bwanji? Yankho lawo lidzakuuzani zambiri kuposa satifiketi iliyonse pakhoma. Zili m'kayikakayika asanayankhe, momwe amalozera ku gawo linalake pajambula yanu-ndiko kumveka kwa zochitika zenizeni kuganiza mokweza.
