Mukamva 'Precision Sand Casting', chithunzi chomwe chilipo chikhoza kukhala cha magawo owoneka bwino, owoneka ngati ukonde. Ndi gawo lake, koma zenizeni zenizeni - komanso pomwe zambiri zimalakwitsa - ndikumvetsetsa kuti 'kulondola' apa sikungofuna kuthamangitsa kulolerana kwa ma micron monga kuponya ndalama. Ndi za geometry yoyendetsedwa, yobwerezabwereza komanso kukhulupirika kwapamtunda m'njira yomwe imakhala yolimba kwambiri kwa mabanja ena. Vuto lodziwika bwino ndikulitenga ngati njira yotsika mtengo yopangira zipolopolo kapena sera yotayika, pomwe ili njira yodziwikiratu yopangira zida zapakatikati pomwe kukhazikika kwamkati ndi kumveka kwamkati sikungakambirane.
Kulekerera Kosamvetsetseka
Ndikukumbukira ntchito zaka zapitazo ya hydraulic valve body. Chojambulacho chinayitanitsa ± 0.5mm pazigawo zovuta kwambiri. Wogulayo poyamba adakankhira kuti awononge ndalama, akuganiza kuti ndiyo njira yokhayo. Tinkatsutsa mchenga wolondola-kugwiritsa ntchito makina opangidwa ndi zircon komanso njira yowumba yoyendetsedwa bwino. Chinyengocho sichinali mchenga wokha; chinali zipangizo zapatani, kamangidwe ka zitseko, ndi njira yokhotakhota yolimba. Timagunda ± 0.4mm mosalekeza, koma chofunika kwambiri, kukhulupirika kwapakatikati kunali kopambana chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka tirigu komwe tidapeza. 'Kulondola' kunali mu kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, osati kungoyambira chabe.
Kumene imagwera mwachidule, moona, imakhala pamakoma owonda kwambiri. Ngati mukuyesera kupita pansi pa 3mm pakupanga kwakukulu, muli mu chipolopolo kapena gawo la ndalama. The binder dongosolo mu mwatsatanetsatane mchenga ali ndi malire pa flowability. Ndawonapo oyambitsa akuyesera kukankhira, kumabweretsa mistruns yomwe imawoneka yangwiro mbali imodzi komanso yopunduka mbali inayo. Ndi malire azinthu omwe muyenera kulemekeza.
Izi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe shopu ngati Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) ingatsimikize ndi zaka makumi atatu akuponya. Iwo amandandalika nkhungu ya zipolopolo ndi kuponya ndalama padera pazifukwa. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira zonse, mumakulitsa kuzindikira komwe kuli koyenera. Kuchita kwawo kwanthawi yayitali kukuwonetsa kuti awona mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito molakwika - pomwe kukakamiza gawo kuti lichite molakwika kumabweretsa kuchucha kapena kutsika mtengo kwa makina pambuyo pake.
The Core: Binders ndi Sand Systems
Mtima wa ndondomekoyi ndi binder-mchenga chemistry. Phenolic urethane cold box ndiye kavalo, koma 'kulondola' nthawi zambiri kumachokera kumchenga womwewo. Silika ndi muyezo, koma kwa zitsulo kapena aloyi kutentha kwambiri, kusamukira ku chromite kapena zircon mchenga ndi masewera-kusintha kwa dimensional kubwerezabwereza. Kuchulukitsa kwamafuta ndikotsika. Kukulitsa pang'ono panthawi yothira kumatanthauza kusuntha kwa geometric pang'ono. Ndiwokwera mtengo kwambiri, kotero simuigwiritsa ntchito ngati chivundikiro cha dzenje, koma popanga nyumba yapampu mu duplex zosapanga dzimbiri? Zofunikira.
Tidaphunzira izi movutikira pagulu la zoyika pampu mu CF8M. Pogwiritsa ntchito silika wamba, tinali ndi zovuta zakuchulukira pansonga za tsamba, zomwe zimafuna kukonza kwambiri weld. Anasinthira ku zircon system, adakonzanso zodyetsa pang'ono, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zidutswa zidatsika kuchokera pa 15% mpaka pansi pa 2%. Mtengo wa mchenga unakwera 40%, koma mtengo wonsewo unatsika ndi 18%. Ndiwo mtundu wa kuwerengetsera kwa malonda komwe kumatanthawuza kuponya mchenga m'dziko lenileni.
Simatsenga. Chiŵerengero cha binder, nthawi ya mpweya, kuyeretsa - sekondi iliyonse imawerengedwa. Nkhungu yosachiritsika imatsuka. Munthu wochiritsidwa mopitirira muyeso amakhala brittle ndipo angayambitse inclusions. Luso ndikuyimbira pagawo la geometry ndi alloy. Apa ndipamene zinachitikira, monga zomwe zimamangidwa pakampani monga QSY, zimakhala zowoneka. Inu simungakhoze kusintha chiweruzo chimenecho.
Kupeza ndi Kudyetsa: Zomangamanga Zosawoneka
Apa ndipamene zitsanzo za CAD siziwoneka ngati nkhungu yomaliza. Polowera mchenga wolondola nthawi zambiri amakhala aukali kuposa mchenga wobiriwira. Muyenera kudzaza mwachangu kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino kutha kwapamwamba. Koma kudzaza msanga kungatanthauze chipwirikiti. Timagwiritsa ntchito zosefera za ceramic mwachipembedzo tsopano - midadada yosavuta yomwe imayikidwa pothamanga. Zimawonjezera mtengo, koma kuchepa kwa ma oxide inclusions, makamaka mu alloys ngati opangidwa ndi faifi tambala, ndikodabwitsa. Ndizosakambitsirana za gawo lililonse loti lizitsegukira mwamphamvu.
Kudyetsa kapangidwe ndi luso lina losawoneka bwino. Mphamvu yapamwamba ya nkhungu yochiritsidwa imatanthawuza kuti imakana kupanikizika kwachitsulo kwambiri, zomwe zingathe kulepheretsa kudya ngati simusamala. Nthawi zina mumafunika zodyetsa zazikulu kapena zambiri poyerekeza ndi mchenga wobiriwira wa gawo lomwelo. Ndikukumbukira giya yochindikala yopanda kanthu pomwe tidakopera saizi ya feeder kuchokera pamchenga wobiriwira. Pamapeto pake pali kuphulika kwakukulu pamutu. Ndinayenera kubwereranso, onjezerani modulus wa khosi, ndikuwonjezera manja amphamvu kuti atenthe kwambiri. Anathetsa izo. Izi ndizokonza mobwerezabwereza zomwe zimawotchedwa mumchitidwe wamba wa foundry.
Kuyang'ana pa mndandanda wa zinthu kuchokera Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.-aloyi apadera, opangidwa ndi cobalt, opangidwa ndi faifi tambala - mukudziwa kuti adayenera kuchita bwino izi. Ma alloys ali ndi mawonekedwe owopsa a chakudya. Kuyika mawu omveka mkati mwawo ndi mchenga wolondola ndikutsimikizira kozama kwa luso la foundry.
Machining Allowance: The Critical Interface
Iyi ndi malo ogulitsa kwambiri. Mchenga woyendetsedwa bwino ukhoza kugwetsa makina opangira makina mpaka 1.5-2mm pankhope, nthawi zina ngakhale 1mm pamalo okhazikika. Ndiwo mtengo wokwera mtengo kwambiri pa nthawi ya CNC komanso kuvala zida. Koma sizotsimikizika. Chilolezocho chiyenera kukambidwa potengera zomwe zaperekedwa. Malo athyathyathya? 1.5mm ikhoza kukhala yabwino. Kudutsa mzere wolekanitsa kapena pafupi ndi pakati? Mungafunike 3mm. Ndakhala ndikuyimbidwa mokwiya kuchokera kumashopu am'makina pomwe gulu limabwera ndi zomwe akuwona kuti 'zosakwanira', ndikupeza kuti kusinthaku kunali koyambira komwe sitinawerengere mokwanira.
Kugwirizana ndi makina ndikofunikira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ntchito zophatikizika, monga chiyani Mtengo wa QSY zowunikira ndi ntchito zawo zophatikizika ndi makina a CNC, ali ndi mwayi. gulu lawo Machining amadyetsa mmbuyo dimensional deta mwachindunji foundry. Lupu lotsekeka limenelo limalola kumangirira kosalekeza kwa ndondomekoyi. Ngati kuponyera ndi makina ali m'makampani osiyana, ndemangazo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochedwa, zosefedwa, komanso zandale.
Tidakhazikitsa lamulo losavuta: lipoti loyang'anira nkhani yoyamba kuchokera ku makina amapita kwa injiniya wazinthu zoyambira, osati kungogulitsa. Kuchepetsa mikangano ya machining allowance ndi 70% pachaka. Zinakakamiza aliyense kulankhula chinenero chofanana cha datums ndi mbali zopimika.
Ikalephera, ndi Chifukwa Chiyani
Zolephera ndizophunzitsa. Chodziwika kwambiri chomwe ndimawona ndikuyika mitsempha - zolakwika zonga zipsepsezo pamtunda. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala kusagwirizana pakati pa kukula kwa matenthedwe amchenga ndi mphamvu yotentha ya binder. Nthawi zina zimakonzedwa posintha masinthidwe amchenga; nthawi zina zimafunika kusintha kwa binder catalyst ratio. Ndi ntchito yofufuza.
Kulephera kowopsa kwambiri ndikusuntha kwa khoma la nkhungu panthawi yothira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale cholakwika chachikulu. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zachitsanzo kapena vuto lalikulu la bokosi-zida zowonongeka, chithandizo chosakwanira. Ndi vuto lalikulu, osati ndondomeko imodzi. Mapangidwe otopa omwe akuthamanga sangathe kupereka kuponya mchenga mwatsatanetsatane, nyengo. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chachete cha thanzi la sitolo. Ngati mupitako ndikuwona zida zowoneka bwino, zosamalidwa bwino, ndi chizindikiro chabwino. Ngati mapangidwewo akudulidwa ndikugwiridwa pamodzi ndi tepi, chokanipo.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa QSY wazaka 30 kumasonyeza kuti adayendetsa maulendowa. Kusunga mawonekedwe olondola pazaka makumi angapo akupanga kwamakasitomala osiyanasiyana ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe sichimawonekera papepala.
The Real-World Niche
Ndiye, ikukhala kuti lero? Sizopangira ma prototyping - mtengo wake ndiwokwera kwambiri. Sizinthu zosavuta - mchenga wobiriwira ndi wotsika mtengo. Malo ake okoma ndi apakati-mpaka-wokwera (zidutswa 500-10,000 pachaka) zomwe zimafunikira kuwongolera kowoneka bwino komanso kumaliza kuposa mchenga wobiriwira womwe ungapereke, koma alibe tsatanetsatane wabwino kwambiri kapena makoma owonda omwe amakakamiza kuyika ndalama. Ganizirani nyumba za compressor, matupi a valve, ma gearbox apakati, ma hydraulic manifolds.
Kusinthasintha kwazinthu ndi kuphatikiza kwakukulu. Kusuntha kuchoka ku chitsulo cha ductile kupita ku alloy-based alloy nthawi zambiri kumangofunika kusintha kwa mchenga ndi kusintha kayendetsedwe ka kutentha mu nkhungu. Pachimake ndondomeko logic akadali. Kusinthasintha uku ndichifukwa chake opanga ambiri ophatikizika, makamaka omwe amathandizira magawo amagetsi ndi makina olemera, amadalira.
Pomaliza, kuponya mchenga mwatsatanetsatane ndi chizindikiro cha kusagwirizana kokhazikika. Imavomereza kukula kwamchenga kuti ikhale yolimba komanso kuti ikhale yolimba, kenako imagwiritsa ntchito chemistry, kasamalidwe ka kutentha, ndi kuwongolera molimba mtima kukakamiza dongosololi mpaka malire ake. Ndi njira ya mainjiniya omwe amamvetsetsa kuti kupanga ndikusankha njira yolimba kwambiri, osati yomwe ili ndi nambala yolimba kwambiri pamapepala. Ndilo chiweruzo chomwe chimangobwera chifukwa chowona mbali zikuyenda bwino, ndikulephera, pamalo ogulitsira kwa zaka zambiri.
