Anthu ambiri akamva 'zomangira zapadera za alloy', amaganiza za mabawuti amphamvu kwambiri a injini ya jeti kapena galimoto yothamanga. Ndilo gawo lake, zedi, koma ndipamenenso lingaliro lalikulu loyamba lagona. Sikuti amangokhalira kulimba mtima. Ndi za chilengedwe chomwe chimalephereka. Ndawona ntchito zambiri pomwe gulu linapanga bolt ya nickel alloy kuti isawonongeke, koma idakhala ndi ndulu ndikuigwira pakuyikhazikitsa chifukwa idanyalanyaza chizolowezi chotsekeka. zomangira zapadera za aloyi m'mapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri. Pepalalo linanena kuti 'zinali zosagwira dzimbiri,' ndipo anasiya kuwerenga pamenepo. Ntchito yeniyeni imayamba mutasankha zinthu zoyambira.
Chapadera mu Aloyi Si Matsenga
Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe zimapangitsa aloyi kukhala 'wapadera' kwa zomangira. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowonjezera zinthu monga faifi tambala, cobalt, molybdenum, kapena chromium pamlingo wokulirapo kuti mukwaniritse mbiri yazachuma. Ganizirani za Inconel 718, Hastelloy C-276, kapena MP35N. Koma apa pali kugwira kothandiza: ma alloys awa ndi ovuta kwambiri kupanga makina. Ziwopsezo zawo zowumitsa ntchito ndizokwera kwambiri. Ngati makina anu akuchulukirachulukira, mwachitsanzo, simukudulanso zinthuzo, mukungoumitsa m'mphepete mwa chida, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chida chivale mwachangu komanso zolakwika zomwe zingachitike pachomangira. Izi sizongoyerekeza. Tidaphunzira izi movutikira koyambirira ndi gulu la Waspaloy studs. Ulusiwo unkawoneka bwino pambuyo popanga makina, koma pakuwunika kwa akupanga, tidapeza ming'alu yaying'ono yomwe idayamba kuchokera kumizu ya ulusi. Chifukwa chiyani? Kupsyinjika kotsalira kuchokera ku ntchito yokhotakhota mwamakani yomwe pambuyo pake sikunathetsere kupsinjika moyenera. Makhalidwe a aloyi 'wapadera' amakulitsa vutoli.
Apa ndipamene kuyanjana ndi malo opangira makina ndi makina omwe ali ndi zaka zambiri pamasewera amafunikira. Ndikuganiza za ogulitsa omwe tidagwira nawo ntchito, Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Mbiri yawo pakupanga ndalama komanso kupanga zipolopolo kwa zaka zopitilira 30, makamaka ndi cobalt ndi nickel alloys, zimawapangitsa kumva bwino momwe zidazi zimakhalira kuyambira pamadzi mpaka kumapeto. Sikuti ndikungoyendetsa pulogalamu ya CNC. Ndizokhudza kudziwa kuti chitsulo cha nickel alloy chimafunika kutentha kwapakati pa-pass pakupanga makina kapena chidzasokoneza. Simungathe kukoka chidziwitsocho kuchokera mu bukhu lokhazikika la makina. Mutha kupeza zambiri panjira yawo patsamba lawo, tsngtaocnc.com. Ndiko kumvetsetsa kwa mulingo uwu komwe kumalekanitsa cholumikizira chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chodalirika.
Wina nuance ndi kutentha mankhwala. Kwa zitsulo zambiri zosapanga dzimbiri, muli ndi kuzimitsa molunjika ndi kupsa mtima. Ndi ma aloyi a nickel owumitsa mvula, kukalamba ndi chilichonse. Nthawi ndi kutentha ziyenera kuyendetsedwa mpaka miniti kuti mupeze mphamvu yoyenera ndi ductility. Ndikukumbukira nkhani yomwe kasitomala adadandaula chifukwa cha kusweka kwa ma bawuti awo a Inconel 718. Iwo adawatengera iwo ku AMS yoyenera. Titafufuza, tidapeza kuti anali okalamba pakutentha koyenera, koma kutentha kwa uvuni kunali kowuma kwambiri, kupangitsa kutentha kosafanana komanso kufalikira kwazinthu zamakina pagulu lonselo. Amene analephera anali ochokera kumalo ozizira mu ng'anjo. Aloyi 'wapadera' adatsitsidwa ndi njira yokhazikika yamakampani yomwe idachitika popanda chisamaliro chokwanira.
Zolephera Zomwe Simukuziwona Zikubwera
Zimbiri ndi mawu otakata. Ndi zomangira zapadera za aloyi, nthawi zambiri timagwira ntchito ndi pitting, crevice corrosion, kapena stress corrosion cracking (SCC) muzofalitsa zinazake. Chomangira chikhoza kukhala changwiro ku malo omwe ali ndi mpweya wowawasa (H2S kugonjetsedwa) koma chidzalephereka kwambiri kuchokera ku chloride-induced SCC m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kusankha sikungowononga kapena ayi. Ndi za supu yeniyeni yomwe yakhalamo, kuphatikizapo kufufuza zinthu. Poyamba tinkagwiritsa ntchito zomangira za titaniyamu popaka madzi a m'nyanja, zomwe zimachititsa kuti dzimbiri ziwonongeke. Koma dongosololi linali ndi methanol ngati hydrate inhibitor. Pansi pazovuta zina, izi zidabweretsa chiwopsezo cha methanol-induced SCC, njira yolephera osati pa radar yathu yoyambirira. Tinayenera kubwerera mmbuyo ndikusinthira ku chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha duplex.
Ndiye pali galvanic dzimbiri. Kulumikizana ndi wolemekezeka chomangira chapadera cha aloyi ngati chopangidwa ndi cobalt chokhala ndi aluminiyamu kapena chitsulo cha kaboni chikufunsa mavuto. Mukungopereka maziko oyambira. Chomangiracho chidzakhala changwiro pamene chimadya zinthu zozungulira. Yankho si nthawizonse chomangira chosiyana; nthawi zina ndi za kudzipatula ndi ochapira enieni kapena zokutira, koma zokutira iwo okha ayenera n'zogwirizana osati kuyambitsa kuopsa hydrogen embrittlement. Ndi mndandanda wa zodalira.
Kuyika ndi malo ake opangira mabomba. Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa zomangira izi nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza torque yokwera yomwe ikufunika. Kukwaniritsa mphamvu yochepetsera popanda kupotoza mutu kapena kupitirira malo okolola a gawo lokwerera kumafuna kulondola. Kupaka mafuta ndikofunikira. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta olakwika kumatha kuwononga dongosolo muzamlengalenga kapena pazakudya. Kusagwiritsa ntchito kungayambitse kukwiya komwe ndanena kale. Tidalinganiza pamagulu apadera, ovomerezeka oletsa kugwidwa kwa mabanja osiyanasiyana a aloyi, ndipo gawo losavuta limenelo linathetsa pafupifupi 80% yazovuta zathu zoyika magawo.
Pamene Kuponya Kumakumana ndi Precision Machining
Iyi ndi mphambano yosangalatsa. Kwa ma geometries ovuta kwambiri - ganizirani za mtedza wokhoma waukulu, wowoneka modabwitsa wa chotchinga cha turbine, kapena chomangira chokhala ndi ndime zophatikizika zamadzimadzi - kuyika ndalama kumatha kukhala koyambira kopambana popanga kapena kupanga makina kuchokera ku bar. Mumafika pafupi ndi net-shape, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa alloy okwera mtengo omwe mungafune kuti muchotse makina. Kampani ngati QSY, yomwe imayang'ana pawiri pakupanga zipolopolo / kuyika ndalama ndi makina a CNC, imakhazikitsidwa kuti izipanga zophatikizika.
Ubwino wake ndi kuyenda kwa mbewu zakuthupi. Mbali yopangidwa ndi makina imadula njere. Kuponyera kopangidwa bwino, kotsatiridwa ndi kusinthasintha kwa isostatic pressing (HIP) kuti muchotse porosity yamkati, kumatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ofananirako pamawonekedwe ovuta. Kenako, zinthu zofunika kwambiri zonyamula katundu - ulusi, malo okhala, ma radii apansi pamutu - amapangidwa molondola m'nyumba. Izi zimayendetsa mtengo wonse. Chiwopsezo chotenga kuponya kuchokera kwa ogulitsa m'modzi, kutumiza ku malo ogulitsira makina omwe sadziwa bwino mawonekedwe ake enieni a dendritic komanso kupsinjika kotsalira, ndikwambiri. Kusweka pakumakina komaliza kumakhala kofala, komanso kokwera mtengo.
Ndikukumbukira ndikuyang'ana chiboliboli chachikulu cha Monel K500 ndi bawuti ya flange yopangidwa ndi makina kuti alumikizane ndi m'madzi. Zitsanzo zoyamba kuchokera ku dipatimenti ya disjointed supplier zidalephera pakusintha kwa ulusi. Kusanthula kulephera kunalozera ku porosity ya micro-shrinkage kuchokera pakuponyedwa komwe sikunatsekedwe kwathunthu ndi HIP, yomwe idakhala ngati cholumikizira kupsinjika panthawi yolumikizira. Kuphatikizira ndondomekoyi ndi wothandizira mmodzi yemwe ankayang'anira kukhulupirika kwa kuponyera ndi magawo omaliza a makina anathetsa. Anasintha kachitidwe ka gating pa nkhungu yoponyera ndikuyikapo kanthu musanamalize kuzungulira komaliza kwa HIP, kenako kumaliza ulusi. Kusiyana kwake kunali usiku ndi usana.
Mtengo motsutsana ndi Kudalirika: Kuwerengera Kweniyeni
Palibe kukambirana za zomangira zapadera za aloyi yatha popanda mtengo wolankhula. Bawuti imodzi ya Inconel imatha kuwononga nthawi 50-100 kuposa bawuti yachitsulo ya Giredi 8. Mwachibadwa ndikuwona komwe mungayamikire mainjiniya. Apa ndi pamene zokumana nazo zikukuwa kuti chenjerani. Kulowetsa aloyi yotsika kapena kuvomereza kulolerana kokulirapo kuti mupulumutse 15% kutha kuchulukitsa chiwopsezo cholephera, chomwe mtengo wake umaphatikizapo kutsika, kuwonongeka kwa chikole, ndi ngongole.
Kuwerengerako kumasintha kuchoka pamtengo wagawo kupita ku mtengo wonse wa umwini. Mumtengo wa Khrisimasi wamafuta apansi pa nyanja & gasi, kulephera kwachitsulo si nkhani yokonza; ndi ngozi yomwe ingachitike kwachilengedwe komanso kuyimitsidwa kwa kupanga komwe kumawononga mamiliyoni patsiku. Apa, kudalirika komwe kumapangidwira cholumikizira mwa kusankha mwanzeru zinthu, kupanga mowongolera, komanso kuyesa mwamphamvu (monga kuyesa kwa ASTM F606 pamakina ndi NACE MR0175 pakusweka kwa sulfide) ndiye lingaliro lonse la mtengo. Ndi inshuwaransi.
Nthawi zina, yankho silikhala aloyi yachilendo kwambiri. Tinali ndi ntchito yotentha kwambiri (mozungulira 650 ° C) kumene mapangidwe oyambirira ankafuna kuti apange superalloy yotsika mtengo kwambiri ya cobalt. Poyang'ananso mapangidwewo, tinazindikira kuti tikhoza kuchepetsa kupsinjika pa cholumikizira mwa kusintha mawonekedwe a flange pang'ono. Izi zinatipangitsa kuti titsikire ku aloyi wamba wa chromium wodziwika bwino koma wokhozabe, kupulumutsa ndalama zambiri popanda kusokoneza moyo wazaka 20. Chofunikira chinali kuchitapo kanthu ndi ukadaulo wolumikizira zinthu komanso ukadaulo wazinthu kumayambiriro kwa gawo lopanga, osati kungoganiza zogula zinthu.
The Takeaway: Ndi Dongosolo, Osati Chigawo
Ndiye kodi zonsezi zikutanthauza chiyani? A chomangira chapadera cha aloyi sikuti ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali chomwe mungakoke m'ndandanda. Ndi dongosolo lopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri. Kuchita kwake ndi ntchito yazitsulo, njira zopangira zinthu (kaya zimachokera kwa ogulitsa ophatikizika monga QSY kapena gulu logwirizana), ndondomeko yoyikapo, ndi malo enieni ogwirira ntchito. Kunyalanyaza umodzi mwa maulalo awa ndikuyitanitsa kulephera.
Makampaniwa akupita patsogolo pakufufuza komanso zolemba. Sikokwaniranso kukhala ndi cert yakuthupi. Makasitomala amafuna kutsata kwathunthu, zolemba zamakina, ndi ma chart a kutentha. Mulingo wowongolera uwu ukukhala wokhazikika pamapulogalamu ovuta. Zimakukankhirani kwa ogulitsa omwe ali ndi machitidwe ndi mwambo wopereka, osati zida zamakina zokha.
Pamapeto pake, kugwira ntchito ndi zipangizozi kumakuphunzitsani ulemu. Iwo si chipolopolo chasiliva. Ndizida zomwe, zikamvetsetsedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mozama za zovuta ndi zofunikira zawo, zimathandiza ukadaulo kugwira ntchito m'malo omwe sakanatha - mkati mwa turbine ya jet, pansi pa nyanja, kapena mufakitale yowononga mankhwala. Ndiwo mtengo weniweni. Chomangira chokha ndi chiwonetsero chakuthupi cha chidziwitso chambiri chapadera komanso njira yoyendetsedwa.
