Mukamva 'zigawo zoponyera zitsulo mwatsatanetsatane', malingaliro ambiri amalumphira molunjika ku zololera ndi ziphaso zakuthupi. Ndiyo nkhani ya kabukuka. Nkhani yeniyeni, yomwe imatsimikizira ngati gawolo likugwira ntchito kapena kulephera m'sitolo kwa zaka zambiri, imayamba pambuyo poti pepalalo lachotsedwa. Ndi za kusagwirizana kosadziwika bwino pakati pa geometry yabwino ndi kutayika, mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino a pamwamba omwe amakhudza moyo wotopa, ndi kuyankha kwa kutentha kwa kutentha kwachitsulo komwe kulibe muyezo womwe ungagwire. Ndawona zojambula zambiri zomwe zimawoneka bwino mu CAD koma zimakhala zovuta kuzipata ndikukwera, zomwe zimatsogolera ku kuchepa kwamkati komwe kumangowonekera pansi pa X-ray kapena, moyipa, muutumiki. Kulondola sikuli kokha mu miyeso; izo ophatikizidwa mu lonse ndondomeko unyolo, kuchokera woyamba phula chitsanzo mpaka kuwombera komaliza peening.
Chinyengo cha Drop-In Replacement
Msampha wamba, makamaka kwa mainjiniya okonza, ndikuwona ziwiya zotayidwa mwachindunji ngati zolowa m'malo mwazopanga kapena zopeka. Kusindikiza kwa dimensional kungafanane, koma envelopu yogwira ntchito imatha kukhala yosiyana kwambiri. Tengani chopopera chosavuta chopopera. Mphepete mwa phula imakhala ndi njere zotuluka m'mphepete mwa tsamba, zomwe zimateteza kwambiri kukokoloka. A chitsulo mwatsatanetsatane kuponyera a mawonekedwe omwewo ali ndi equiaxed njere dongosolo. Ngati simukuwerengera izi pakusankha kwanu - mwina kusankha giredi yolimba kwambiri ngati CA-15 m'malo mwa 304 wamba - mudzalephera msanga pantchito yowononga. Kuponyedwa kumakupatsani zovuta zowoneka bwino, koma mumasinthanitsa mphamvu zowongolera. Muyenera kupanga njira yopangira, osati ndi kukula kwake.
Tinaphunzira izi zaka zingapo zapitazo ndi gawo la valve ya kasitomala. Zinali zolowa m'malo mwa gawo lopangidwa ndi makina. Timadutsa miyeso yonse pogwiritsira ntchito kuyika ndalama. Koma anali kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wothamanga kwambiri. Gawo loyambirira lopangidwa ndi makina linali ndi ma grooves ochepetsa nkhawa omwe anali osavuta mphero koma zowopsa kuponya popanda kupanga malo otentha. Tidaziponya molingana ndi kusindikizidwa, ndipo zidapambana hydro-test. Koma pakupalasa njinga zotentha, ming'alu yaying'ono idayambika kuchokera kumakona akuthwa amkatiwo - chiopsezo chambiri chomwe tidachitcha koma tidauzidwa kuti tipitilize. Ilo silinalephereke mowopsa, koma linayamba kulira pambuyo pa mizere ingapo. Kukonza sikunali kupititsa patsogolo kutulutsa; kunali kukhala pansi ndi mainjiniya awo ndikukonzanso mbiri ya groove mochenjera kuti ikhale yotalikirapo, ndikusiya pang'ono kapangidwe kake koyambirira kuti apindule kwambiri pakukhazikika. Ndilo mgwirizano womwe umatanthauzira kulondola kwenikweni.
Apa ndipamene zinachitikira foundry zimakhala zosakambilana. Sitolo ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndi zaka zawo makumi atatu mu zipolopolo ndi kupanga ndalama, awona zochitikazi zikuchitika kambirimbiri. Phindu lawo silimangopanga mtengo wa sera; zili mu ndemanga zoyambilira za DFM (Design for Manufacturability). Akayang'ana chojambula, maganizo akudutsa m'nyumba ya zipolopolo, kutsanulira, kupanikizika kozizira. Chowonadi cham'matumbo, chobadwa kuchokera zaka zambiri ndikuchikonza, ndi chomwe chimalepheretsa zolakwika zodula. Ndi za kutsogolera wopanga ku gawo lomwe limagwira ntchito komanso lopangidwa mwachibadwa.
Zofunika Si Magiredi Wakha
Kufotokozera 316 zosapanga dzimbiri kwa a mwatsatanetsatane kuponya gawo ndikungoyamba kumene. 316 kuti? A muyezo kusungunuka? 316L yokhala ndi mpweya wochepa wokana dzimbiri mutatha kuwotcherera? Kapena mtundu wosinthidwa wokhala ndi chiwongolero cholimba pazomwe zili ndi ferrite kuti mupewe kusokoneza gawo la sigma mu ntchito yotentha kwambiri? Kusankhidwa kwa alloy kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ndi zapadera. Tinali ndi pulojekiti yopangira ng'anjo yomwe imafuna aloyi wa nickel. Kusindikiza kunati Inconel 625. Aloyi yabwino. Koma kwa gawo lomwe lingawone kutentha kosalekeza ndi katundu wapakatikati, kalasi ya 625 yoponyera siinali yabwino. Tinakankhira kusintha pang'ono mu aluminiyumu ndi titaniyamu kuti tipeze mphamvu zochepetsera nkhawa, lingaliro lomwe linachokera mwachindunji kuchokera kwa metallurgist pa maziko omwe tinagwirizana nawo. Idawonjezera mwina 5% pamtengo wakuthupi koma idachulukitsa moyo wautumiki. Ndiko kulondola pa mulingo wa atomiki.
Ndiyeno pali pambuyo kuponyera chenicheni. Gulu lomwelo kuchokera kuzinthu ziwiri zosiyana zimatha kuchita mosiyana pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha. Zimatengera kusungunula, deoxidation, komanso kutentha kothira. A foundry omwe amakhazikika pa chitsulo kuponyera ndi ma aloyi apadera, monga momwe QSY imatchulira mukukula kwawo, adzakhala ndi maphikidwe awoawo ndikuzimitsa zokonda zapa media kuti agwire zofunikira zamakina nthawi zonse. Simungangoganiza kuti chitsulo cha 4140 chidzagunda 280 BHN pambuyo pozimitsa ndi kupsa mtima. Muyenera kuyesa, kudula makuponi kuchokera kwa othamanga, ndikuyesa. Kulondola kumatsekedwa mu kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, osati mu lipoti la chemistry.
Surface ndi Injini
Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimanyalanyazidwa kwambiri pagawo lachitsulo chokhazikika ndikumapeto kwa as-cast surface. Anthu amatengeka ndi kulondola kwa mawonekedwewo ndikuiwala kuti mawonekedwe a pamwamba ndi kutsogolo kwa dzimbiri, kutopa, ndi kuvala. Kuyika kwabwino kwa ndalama kuyenera kutuluka ndi kuuma kwapamtunda kozungulira Ra 3.2 μm kapena kupitilira apo, molunjika kuchokera pachipolopolo. Koma ndiye pafupifupi. Pansi pa maikulosikopu, mutha kuwona kuyika kwa oxide pang'ono, kupindika kwa mphindi pang'ono, kapena ma peel alalanje kuchokera ku ceramic slurry. Kwa thupi la hydraulic valve, ndizabwino kwambiri. Kwa mawonekedwe osindikizira osinthika kapena chinthu chotopa kwambiri, sichoncho.
Apa ndipamene kuphatikizana ndi makina, komwe QSY imawunikira ndi kuthekera kwawo kwa CNC, ndikofunikira kwambiri. Mayendedwe adziko lapansi omwe ndimawona nthawi zambiri ndi awa: kuponyedwa pafupi ndi ukonde, kusiya katundu wocheperako (nthawi zambiri amangokhala 0.5mm kapena kuchepera pamalo ovuta), kenako makina. Koma chinyengo chili mu kutsatizana. Kodi mumapanikizika musanapange makina ovuta? Kodi mungasunge bwanji mawonekedwe osamvetseka popanda kusokoneza? Nthawi ina tinali ndi kagawo kakang'ono ka turbine shroud. Kuponya kunali kokongola. Koma pakubowola kwa CNC pobowola bolt, kupanikizika pang'ono kunasokoneza mbiri yonse. Yankho lake linali kupanga mawonekedwe ofewa, ogwirizana omwe amathandizira kumbuyo konse, zomwe gulu lopanga makina lidapanga limodzi ndi mainjiniya oponya. Ndi kugawana uku pakati pa kuponyera ndi makina komwe kumalekanitsa gawo labwino ndi lalikulu. Kuponyedwa kolondola kumakufikitsani 95% pamenepo; makina anzeru ndi kumaliza misomali yomaliza 5% yomwe imatanthawuza kudalirika.
Pamene Zabwino Zokwanira Palibe
Kukakamiza kwamalonda nthawi zonse kumachepetsa mtengo: gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zochepa, zozungulira mwachangu, zotayira zotsika mtengo. Koma ndi magawo olondola, mtengo wolephera ndi wokwera kwambiri kotero kuti chabwino ndi chizindikiro chowopsa. Nthawi zambiri zimatsikira ku kuyesa kosawononga (NDT). Radiography (X-ray) ndi muyezo wa magawo ovuta. Koma mukuyang'ana madera oyenera? Choyambiracho chiyenera kukuuzani, kutengera kapangidwe ka gating, komwe shrinkage porosity imatha kuchitika. Ndipamene mumayang'ana kwambiri zojambula zanu za X-ray. Pa ming'alu yapamtunda, kuyang'ana kolowera kwa fulorosenti (FPI) ndikwabwino, koma pazolakwika zapansi pazigawo zowoneka bwino ngati zazamlengalenga kapena zamankhwala, mungafunike kuyezetsa akupanga.
Ndimakumbukira gawo la aloyi ya cobalt-chromium pa chipangizo chachipatala. Iwo adapambana macheke azithunzi ndi mawonekedwe. Koma pakuwunika kwanthawi zonse, tidaganiza zopanga FPI yochulukirapo pachitsanzo. Anapeza mng'alu watsitsi pafupi ndi pochotsa chipata pazigawo zingapo. Chifukwa chake? Kusasinthasintha pang'ono mu njira yophika zipolopolo zomwe zimazungulira, zomwe zimadzetsa misozi yaying'ono yotentha. Sikunali kulephera mwadongosolo, koma kunapha gulu lonselo. The foundry adadya mtengo, ndithudi, koma phunziro lalikulu linali lokhudza ndondomeko zachitsanzo ndi ndondomeko yowonongeka. Ngakhale mutakhala ndi zaka 30 zakuchitikirani, simungakhale omasuka. Kutentha kulikonse, chipolopolo chilichonse, ndi chochitika chatsopano. Kulondola kumasungidwa kudzera munjira yosalekeza komanso ndi paranoia yathanzi.
Muyeso Weniweni Wosalondola
Chifukwa chake, chizindikiro chomaliza cha gulu lapamwamba ndi chiyani chitsulo mwatsatanetsatane kuponyera? Si nkhani yoyamba yonyezimira pa tebulo la msonkhano. Ndikuchita mu Chaka cha 3, Chaka 5. Ndiko kusinthasintha kopitilira kupanga kwa zidutswa 10,000, pomwe gawo 1 ndi gawo 10,000 zimalowa mumsonkhano womwewo wokhala ndi chilolezo chofanana, zikuwonetsa kukana kwa dzimbiri, ndikunyamula katundu womwewo. Kusasinthasintha kumeneko kumabadwa kuchokera ku njira yokhwima, yolamuliridwa ndi chikhalidwe chomwe sichimadula mbali.
Ndizigawo zomwe zakhala zikulimbana ndi mabizinesi angapo, zomwe zayikidwa muukadaulo wowongolera ma process monga zowunikira kutentha ndi zowongolera chinyezi cha zipolopolo, ndipo, chofunikira kwambiri, akhalabe ndi akatswiri opanga mapangidwe ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ng'anjo. Mukamagwira ntchito ndi mnzanu ngati QSY, simungogula mndandanda wa zida zawo. Mukugula kukumbukira kwa zaka 30 - kukumbukira zomwe zimayambitsa nkhungu pagawo lopyapyala, momwe aloyi inayake imayendera mu nkhungu zovuta, komanso momwe mungagwirire ndi kutentha kwa geometry. Ndiko kulondola kosaoneka komwe simungathe kuyika pa pepala lodziwika bwino koma ndi kusiyana pakati pa chinthu ndi chinthu chodalirika.
Pamapeto pake, gawoli ndi zinthu zakuthupi chabe. Chinthu chenichenicho ndi chitsimikizo kuti chidzachita. Chitsimikizo chimenecho chimamangidwa kuchokera ku mgwirizano wowona mtima, kumvetsetsa kwakuya zakuthupi, kulemekeza zovuta zomwe zimachitika, komanso kukana kuvomereza mwina zabwino. Ndi pamene luso loona, ndi mtengo weniweni, muzitsulo zolondola zachitsulo zagona.
