Iyo abantu benshi bumvise iterambere muri powder metallurgie, bashushanya amakoti ya laboratoire kandi akayangana, imashini zikoresha neza. Inganda zivuga ibintu byose bijyanye na net-imiterere igoye hamwe nudushya dushya, nukuri, ariko irabagirana hejuru yibintu byukuri, byerekana ko ibyo bice bikora mubiterane nyabyo. Iterambere nyaryo ntabwo ari ifu cyangwa imashini; ni uguhuza urunigi rwose - kuva kugaburira kugeza gucumura kugeza kubikorwa bya kabiri - nuburyo ibyo bihindura imitekerereze. Nabonye ibishushanyo byinshi binanirana kuko abajenjeri bagaragaje igice cya P / M nkaho ari fagitire yakozwe, birengagije imiterere ya anisotropique nuruhare rukomeye rwo gucumura ikirere. Aho niho iterambere nyirizina ribera, mugukemura icyo cyuho.
Gusimbuka kw'ibikoresho ntabwo buri gihe aho Utekereza
Nibyo, iterambere ryibintu bishya byabanjirije ifu, nkibyo bikorwa-byo hejuru byo gukwirakwiza-bihujwe, ni ngombwa. Batanga microstructures nyinshi. Ariko iterambere rifatika kuri twe kuruhande rwinganda ryabaye muri sisitemu ya binder na lubricants. Kera mugihe cyanjye nkorana numufatanyabikorwa winjiza intebe, twakubise urukuta n'imbaraga zicyatsi. Igice cyacika mugihe cyo gusohora, ntabwo mugihe cyo gucumura. Ifu yari yateye imbere, ariko inzira ntiyabaye. Twahinduye uburyo bukomeye bwa organic binder-lubricant combo, yumvaga ari intambwe isubira inyuma mubijyanye nishusho yubuhanga buhanitse, ariko byakemuye ikibazo ako kanya. Twabibukije ko siyanse yubumenyi yibintu akenshi biterwa nibi bintu bidashimishije, chimie-iremereye kugirango ibe nzima.
Iyi sano ihuza neza no gukorana na alloys. Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe namateka yacyo yimbitse mugushora imari no gutunganya cobalt na nikel ishingiye kuri alloys, irabyumva neza. Iyo wimutse ukajugunya ayo mavuta akomeye kugirango ube ukoresheje ifu ya metallurgie, ibibazo biragwira. Ibiranga ifu biratandukanye, ubushyuhe bwikirenga burakabije, kandi kugenzura ikirere (akenshi vacuum cyangwa hydrogène yera cyane) biba bidashoboka. Iterambere hano rishobora gusa kuba ryizewe rya grafite igabanya kugabanya kugoreka igice mugihe cyizuba ryinshi, ikintu wiga ukoresheje ikigeragezo nikosa.
Kuvuga gucumura, nicyo cyiciro nyacyo cyo gukora cyangwa kumena. Urashobora kugira ubwuzuzanye neza, ariko niba imiterere yubushyuhe bwawe yazimye kuri dogere 20 mukarere gashyuha cyane, cyangwa niba hari akantu gato kamenetse mumatanura yawe ya vacuum, urangiza ufite ibice bifite imbaraga zidasanzwe cyangwa ubukana budahuye. Twigeze kugira icyiciro cya ifu ya metallurgie ibikoresho bya moteri ntoya ya hydraulic yatsindiye igenzura ryikigereranyo ariko ikananirwa gupima umunaniro. Nyirabayazana? Ikirere cya okiside nkeya mugihe cyo gukonja, cyaremye igicucu cyoroshye, cyoroshye cya oxyde kumupaka wingano. Ntabwo byagaragaye ku jisho. Iterambere ryashoraga mubikoresho byo kugenzura ikirere nyacyo, byumvaga ari ibintu bihenze kugeza igihe bizigama umusaruro.
Imashini ya CNC: Umufatanyabikorwa wa ngombwa, Ntabwo ari umunywanyi
Hano hari ibinyoma hagati ya net-shusho ya P / M na CNC gutunganya. Imbaraga nyazo ziri mubikorwa byabo. Igice gishobora kuba 95% cyakozwe nabanyamakuru, ariko ibyo 5% byanyuma - kwihanganira bore kwihanganira, imfuruka ityaye, cyangwa umugozi - bikenera gutunganywa. Avansi iri mugushushanya iyi nzira ya Hybrid kuva itangira. Kurugero, kwerekana umwobo utagabanije gato muri leta yacumuye, uzi ko bizarambirana, bituma habaho igishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho byiza kandi byuzuza ifu nziza.
Aha niho umufatanyabikorwa ufite ibyangombwa bikomeye byo gutunganya ni ntagereranywa. Urebye QSY'Umwirondoro, imyaka mirongo itatu mumashini ya CNC ntabwo ari serivisi yongeyeho; ni ubumenyi bwibanze kubikorwa nyuma yo gucumura. Gukora igice cyicyuma cyacumuye gitandukanye no gutunganya akabari. Ibyiyumvo birashobora kugira ingaruka kubikoresho byubuzima no kurangiza hejuru. Ugomba guhindura umuvuduko, kugaburira, kandi rimwe na rimwe ukoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye bya geometrie. Avance muri P / M ntacyo bivuze niba udashobora kuyikora buri gihe. Nakoranye imishinga aho twateguye protocole yihariye yo gucukura ya flangine ya P / M, mubyukuri byari uburyo bwo gutunganya imashini ijyanye nubucucike bwibikoresho. Iyo protocole yari ifite agaciro nkibisobanuro byifu.
Urubuga tsingtaocnc.com yerekana ibikorwa byabo hamwe na shell mold hamwe nishoramari. Birashimishije gutekereza kubijyanye. Gushora imari nabyo bitanga ibintu bigoye, hafi-net. Guhitamo hagati yabyo akenshi biza kumubare, ibikoresho, hamwe nubukanishi busabwa. Rimwe na rimwe, avance ni ukumenya gusa igihe cyo kudakoresha ifu ya metallurgie. Kubijwi-byinshi, ferrous ibice bifite urwego ruciriritse, P / M iratsinda. Kubunini buke bwa superalloys hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije, gushora imari birashobora kuba igisubizo. Ubuhanga buri mu guhamagarira urwo rubanza.
Ubucucike ni Umwami, Ariko Guhoraho ni Ubwami
Buri gitabo cyinyundo kijyanye no kugera ku bwinshi. Ikibazo nyacyo-isi ni ukugera ku bucucike bumwe, cyane cyane mubice bifite inkuta zihagaritse hamwe nibintu byinshi biranga. Avansi itabona itangazamakuru rihagije nugutezimbere software yigana ifu yo guhuza ifu. Kwigana kare byari ubuyobozi bubi. Noneho, barashobora guhanura ubucucike bwa gradients hamwe nukuri gutangaje, kwemerera ibikoresho byahinduwe mbere yuko igikoresho kimwe gicibwa. Twakoresheje imwe muriyo kwigana kugirango dusubiremo punch ya spock, twongeramo taper nkeya tutari gutekereza neza. Yagabanije ubucucike buva kuri 0.3 g / cm3 kugeza kuri 0.1 g / cm3 hejuru y amenyo. Ibyo byahinduwe mu buryo butaziguye imikorere yimyenda ihamye.
Ariko, software ni nziza gusa nkiyinjiza. Ifu yerekana ifu iranga ibikoresho byuma, bihinduka nubushuhe hamwe nuburyo butandukanye, ni impinduka nini. Uracyakeneye gukora ibizamini byumubiri. Iterambere hano ni ibitekerezo bisubirwamo: kwigana, kubaka, gupima (ukoresheje tekinoroji igezweho nka CT gusikana amakarita yimbere yimbere), hanyuma utunganyirize icyitegererezo. Nibisubiramo kandi bitinda, ariko nuburyo wubaka inzira zikomeye.
Uku gukurikirana guhuzagurika nicyo gitera kwemeza imashini zikoreshwa cyane - ntabwo zihuta gusa, ahubwo zifite uburyo bunoze bwo kuzuza, gukanda, no gusohora. Gutindiganya gato mugihe cyanyuma cyo guhuza bishobora kuzana inenge. Nibyo minutiae itandukanya laboratoire ya laboratoire nibikorwa byateguwe. Iyo utanga ibice kumurongo winteko, umusaruro wa 99.5% ntabwo ari mwiza bihagije. Ukeneye 99,95%. Kubona ibyo byanyuma 0.45% niho uburambe bwimyaka mirongo, nkubwo bwinjijwe mubigo bimaze igihe, byishyura.
Alloy Conundrum hamwe nuruhererekane rwo gutanga
Gukorana nudusimba twihariye nka nikel cyangwa cobalt ishingiye kuri P / M ni agace gahana imbibi. Iterambere riragaragara ariko riza kubabara umutwe. Ifu ihenze cyane, kandi akenshi urimo ukora ibintu bisaba kugenzura ikirere kitagira amakemwa. Kwishura, ariko, birashobora kuba ibintu bitangaje: ibice bifite microstructures nziza, bahuje ibitsina bidashoboka kugerwaho binyuze muri casting, bitanga uburyo bwiza bwo guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Ariko hano hari ikibazo gifatika: kugabanura urunigi. Mugihe cyumushinga urimo nikel superalloy kashe ya turbine, uwatangaga ifu isanzwe yari afite hiccup nziza. Umwuka wa ogisijeni mu cyiciro cyabo wari mwinshi cyane. Ntabwo twashoboraga kuyikoresha. Gushakisha ubundi buryo kubimenyeshwa bigufi byari inzozi. Ibi byagaragaje ko avansi mumikorere yibikoresho ari moot niba udashobora kwizerwa neza. Byadusunikiraga kuzuza ibicuruzwa byinshi, aribwo buryo buhenze kandi butwara igihe cyo kugerageza no kugerageza. Uru ni uruhande rudasanzwe rwibikoresho bigezweho.
Ibigo byayoboye isi ya casting hamwe nuruvange, nka QSY, birashoboka ko washyizeho uburyo bwo gushakisha ibikoresho no gusobanukirwa byimbitse. Ubwo bumenyi shingiro bwimurwa kandi ni ngombwa. Basobanukiwe impamvu ushobora kongeramo agace gato k'ubutaka budasanzwe kubutaka bwa poro kugirango utezimbere ubucucike, kuko babonye amahame asa na chimie yashonze yo guta. Uku guhuza ubumenyi buvuye muburyo butandukanye bwikoranabuhanga ubwabyo nuburyo butuje ariko bukomeye bwinganda zitera imbere.
None, Inzira nyayo niyihe?
Urebye ibyahise, inzira ya ifu ya metallurgie itera imbere ni Kugana Kwishyira hamwe. Ntabwo arikinyamakuru kimwe gitangaje. Nibijyanye no guhuza neza igishushanyo mbonera cya digitale (DFAM ya P / M), hamwe nibindi byinshi byateganijwe bigereranywa, bifitanye isano no kugenzura ibicumuro bikomeye, kandi bigashyigikirwa nubuhanga nyuma yo gutunganya bwumva microstructure yacumuye. Intego ni ukugabanya ibintu bitunguranye.
Umukino wanyuma nugukora ifu metallurgie yambere-guhitamo, ntabwo gusubira inyuma, kubisabwa byinshi. Ibyo bivuze kwemeza abajenjeri bashushanya ko bashobora kubona ibice byizewe, bikora neza cyane batiriwe basobanukirwa arcana yitanura. Icyizere kiva mubyerekanwe bihamye. Ibyo byubatswe igice, mumyaka, mugukemura ibibazo bidashimishije byo gusiga amavuta no gushushanya. Nubunararibonye rusange bwinganda, bubarizwa mubigo byanyuze mubyiciro byibintu no guhindura inzira, bihindura iterambere ryubuhanga ryonyine muburyo bwo gukora bwizewe. Intambwe nini ikurikira irashobora gusa kuba igereranya uburyo dusangira ubu bumenyi bwuzuye, butoroshye.
