Iyo wunvise 'ductile iron investment casting', ikintu cya mbere gishobora kuza mubitekerezo ni imitungo ya glossy spec sheet: imbaraga nyinshi, guhindagurika kwiza, kwambara birwanya. Kandi yego, ibyo byose ni ukuri kumpapuro. Ariko aho inkuru nyayo itangirira ni mugihe ugerageje kugera kubintu byukuri muburyo bugoye, bugizwe nurukuta runini cyangwa umubiri wuzuye wa valve. Aho niho igitabo kirangirira kandi igorofa rifata. Abayobozi benshi bashakisha batekereza ko ari ugutoranya amanota y'ibikoresho - vuga, QT600-3 cyangwa ikindi - naho ibindi ni amarozi. Uburozi nyabwo, cyangwa kenshi kubabara umutwe, biri murwego rwo guhana ukuboko hagati ya gushora imari buryo hamwe na metallurgie ya fer ductile ubwayo.
Inzira yo Guhana Intoki: Aho ibishashara bihurira na Metallurgie
Gushora imari biguha ubwisanzure budasanzwe bwa geometrike. Turimo kuvuga ibice bifite ibice by'imbere bidashoboka gukora imashini cyangwa kubyara hamwe no guta umucanga. Ariko hamwe nicyuma gihindagurika, uhita uhambira hamwe no gukomera. Igikonoshwa kuva i gushora imari inzira irakomeye, hafi yo kutababarira. Bitandukanye n'umucanga, ntabwo bitanga. Ku cyuma cyijimye, akenshi nibyiza. Ariko kugirango uhindagurika, ukeneye iyo miterere kugirango uhuze kwaguka gato mugihe cyo gushushanya grafite nodule. Niba ataribyo, ubona kugabanuka kwinshi, cyangwa birushijeho kuba bibi, gukonjesha gukonje gukabije aho urangirira na karbide mubice wateguye gukora imashini.
Ndibuka umushinga wibikoresho bya hydraulic, inzu yegeranye hamwe na flanging ya mounting. Igishushanyo cyari cyiza uhereye ku nteko, urubanza rwiza kuri gushora imari. Twabisubiyemo, tubona itegeko. Isuka ya mbere yasaga neza-hejuru yubuso bunini, burambuye. Ariko nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe (ferritizing anneal, mubyukuri), igipimo cyo kunanirwa kwipimisha nticyari cyiza. Kumeneka ahantu hose. Ikibazo? Twari twarateguye amarembo no kuzamuka nkuko twabishakaga gushora ibyuma. Ibyuma byangiza ntibigaburira nkibyuma. Kwiyongera kwa grafite birashobora gufasha kugaburira ubwabyo, ariko mugihe ubiretse. Twari twarazamutse cyane, dushiraho ahantu hashyushye biganisha ku kugabanuka nubwo kwaguka. Byabaye ngombwa ko usubira inyuma, byongeye kubigana hamwe nibyuma bikwiye byuma, hindukira kuri bito, byashyizwe mubikorwa. Cyakoze, ariko byadutwaye amezi abiri.
Ngiyo ishingiro ryayo. Ntushobora gufata an gushora imari inzira yatunganijwe neza kandi idafite ibyuma byangiza. Umwirondoro wose wubushyuhe, uhereye kubishishwa mbere yubushyuhe kugirango usuke ubushyuhe kugeza igipimo cyo gukonjesha mugikonoshwa, ugomba kongera gutekereza kubitekerezo bya spheroidal. Ubuvuzi bwa magnesium ubwabwo ni ikintu cyoroshye - gushira birahangayikishije rwose, kandi mugihe bisaba gusuka cluster yibikonoshwa bikomeye, ifu yawe yanyuma ntishobora kuba ifite numero ya nodule nkiyambere yawe niba utitonze.
Ibintu bifatika: Ntabwo ari ibyuma gusa
Ndetse no mu cyuma cyoroshye, guhitamo amavuta yo gushora imari birasobanutse. Ibirimo bya Silicon nibyingenzi kugirango amazi yuzuze ibyo bice bito, ariko birebire cyane kandi bigira ingaruka ku guhindagurika no guteza imbere ferrite, ibyo ntibishobora kuba aribyo wifuza kwambara hejuru. Agace gato k'umuringa cyangwa nikel kugirango pearlite ihagarare? Akenshi birakenewe, ariko rero ugomba kureba amacakubiri mubice bigoye. Dukorana ahanini n'amanota nka 450-10, 500-7, na 600-3, ariko idirishya nyirizina rya chimie dukoresha kubice byabashoramari birakomeye kuruta ibyo guhuza umucanga.
Nari ndimo ndasubiramo icyiciro cya casting kumupompi utwara pompe yundi mutanga vuba aha - igice cyari icy'umurimo wangirika, nuko bagaragaza icyuma cyitwa SiMo cyuma (silicon-molybdenum alloy). Guhitamo neza kubushyuhe no kubora. Ariko ibice byashoramari byerekanaga gucika imburagihe muri laboratoire. Nyirabayazana? Molybdenum, karbide ikomeye yahoze, yari yaratandukanije mumihanda yoroheje, ikonje vuba ya moteri, bituma habaho uduce duto. Imiterere yumucanga, hamwe no gukonja buhoro, ntabwo yari ifite iki kibazo. Gukosora ntabwo byahinduwe na chimie, ahubwo ni inzira imwe: guhindura ibishishwa kugirango ugabanye gato igipimo cyo gukonja muri utwo turere twinshi. Nibwo buryo bwo guhindura umunota butandukanya igice cyimikorere nigice cyizewe.
Aha niho hashingiwe kuburambe bwa fondasiyo nibintu byose. Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nimyaka mirongo itatu muri Igikonoshwa na gushora imari, yaba yarubatse isomero ryiyi nuances. Bashobora kumenya, nkurugero, kugirango urukuta ruto ruciriritse rwicyuma rusaba imitungo 500-7, barashobora gukenera intego yo kurwego rwo hejuru rwurwego rwa magnesium kandi bagakoresha imiti idasanzwe hamwe nigipimo cyihuse kugirango barebe ko nodules ikorwa hakiri kare muri ibyo bice bikonje cyane, birinda karbide. Ibyo ntabwo biri ku rupapuro urwo arirwo rwose; biri mumpapuro zabo.
Ingaruka Zimashini: Ntugapfobye
Inyungu nini yo gushora imari ni hafi-net-imiterere, igabanya igiciro cyo gukora. Ariko kugabanya ntibisobanura gukuraho. Ibyuma hafi ya byose byuma bikenera gukenera gutunganywa: isura ya flange, ibipimo bya diametre, umugozi. Dore undi mutego: as-cast-surface ubukana. Kuberako igikonoshwa ceramic gikonjesha ibyuma byihuse, uruhu rwo guteramo rushobora gukomera kandi rushobora kugira decarb nkeya cyangwa gushiramo okiside. Niba porogaramu yawe ya CNC ifata ubukana bumwe hanyuma ikajyayo gusa, uzatwika winjizamo winjiza kuri pass ya mbere hanyuma ubone ubuso bubi kurangiza ahantu hakorewe imashini.
Twize ibi inzira igoye kumurongo wimibiri ya valve. Bores yari ikeneye kurangiza neza kugirango ubudakemwa bwa kashe. Kugenzura ingingo ya mbere byari byiza. Ariko mubikorwa byinshi, kwambara ibikoresho ntibyari byemewe, kandi twatangiye kubona amarira ari hejuru ya bore. Ikibazo cyari micro-itandukaniro mubukomere bwuruhu kuva cluster kugeza cluster, byatewe nubudasa buke mumashanyarazi no kubushyuhe. Igisubizo cyari pasiporo isanzwe hamwe na geometrie ikomeye cyane, kugirango ucike kuri iyo miterere y'uruhu ihindagurika, hanyuma ukurikire. Yongeyeho amasegonda 45 mugihe cyizunguruka, ariko yazigamye amahirwe mubice byakuweho nibikoresho.
Iyi niyo mpamvu inzu ihuriweho ikora casting na Imashini ya CNC murugo, nkuko QSY ibivuga mubikorwa byabo, ifite inyungu zitandukanye. Itsinda ryabo ryo gutunganya ntabwo arikintu cyihariye; barimo kugaburira mu buryo butaziguye. Bashobora kuvuga bati, Hey, iki cyiciro kirimo guca ukundi, kandi uruganda rushobora kurukurikirana rushyushye cyangwa ubushyuhe butemewe. Ibyo bitekerezo bifunze-byingirakamaro nibyingenzi muburyo buhoraho busaba ibintu-gutunganya combo nkiyi.
Iyo Irabagirana (Kandi Igihe cyo Kugenda)
Ni ryari gushora ibyuma gushora imari guhitamo neza? Nizahabu kubintu bigoye, bitsindagiye bikeneye kugabanya ibiro nubunyangamugayo buhebuje, aho gutunganya ibintu bivuye kumutwe cyangwa guhimba byaba bihenze cyane. Tekereza imirongo yindege, imikorere-yimodoka ihagarikwa cyane, cyangwa ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byubuvuzi bikenera imbaraga na sterilizable. Ubuso burangije kandi buringaniye burakinguye inzugi zumucanga zidashobora.
Ariko ugomba kumenya igihe cyo kuvuga oya. Niba igice ari kinini cyane kandi kijimye, guhangayikishwa nubushyuhe buturuka ku gishishwa gikomeye birashobora kuba ikibazo, kandi ushobora kuba mwiza hamwe no guta umucanga mwiza. Niba igice gisaba guhindagurika 100% (nka 18% yo kuramba), kugenzura inzira bigomba kuba byiza rwose, kandi ikiguzi ntigishobora kubyemeza. Niba kandi ingano yumwaka iri mu bihumbi magana, igiciro cyigice cyibishashara nigikonoshwa ceramic gishobora kugusunikira kumurongo uhoraho cyangwa no gupfa.
Nigeze kugisha inama kumushinga wibikoresho biremereye. Igishushanyo cyari kigoye bidasanzwe hamwe nimbavu zimbere. Injeniyeri yashimangiye gukoresha ibyuma bishora ibyuma bisobanutse neza. Nyuma yo gusuzuma ibice 50mm byimbitse, twagiriye inama yo kubirwanya. Ibyago byo kugabanuka nigiciro kinini cyibishashara binini nigishishwa byari ibendera ritukura. Twasabye kuvangavanga: gutondeka neza-gutondekanya umusenyi-amabara kumubiri wingenzi, hamwe nibintu byingenzi bigaragara nkibintu bitandukanye, gushora imari-ibyuma byinjiza ibyuma bishobora gusudwa cyangwa gufungwa. Byarakoze. Rimwe na rimwe, uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ni ukumenya aho wakoresha bike muri byo.
Urunigi rwo gutanga ibintu bifatika: Kubona Umufatanyabikorwa Ukwiye
Ibi ntabwo ari ibicuruzwa. Ntushobora guhaha kuri Alibaba gusa kubiciro ku kilo. Urimo gushakisha uruganda rutarondora gusa gushora ibyuma gushora imari nkubushobozi, ariko irashobora kukwereka inyandiko yerekana. Baza ubushakashatsi bwakozwe kubice bifite ibice bisa nubunini kandi bigoye. Baza ibijyanye no kubara nodule, uburyo bwabo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe (as-cast, annealed, kuzimya & tempered?), Hamwe nubushobozi bwabo murugo NDT. Bashobora gukora X-ray cyangwa ultrasonic mugihe nyacyo? Nigute bakemura kwiruka no gukuramo amarembo kumashanyarazi? Bafite mu nzu Imashini ya CNC kwemeza casting batanga?
Kuramba k'umutanga kuramba akenshi bivuga byinshi. Isosiyete ikora imyaka irenga 30, nka QSY, birashoboka ko yabonye inenge zose zishobora gutekerezwa kandi zubatse ibikorwa byo gukosora mubikorwa byabo. Kuba bavuga gukorana nudusimba twihariye nka nikel na none birerekana kurwego rwo kugenzura ibyuma bisobanurwa neza nibisabwa byuma byangiza. Basobanukiwe ko gusuka kwa nikel hamwe na fer ihindagurika ni isi itandukanye, ariko disipuline mugucunga inzira irasa.
Amaherezo, gutsinda gushora ibyuma gushora imari ni gihamya yubuhanga bwa disipuline. Ntabwo ari tekinoroji igaragara, ariko iyo ikanze, itanga ibice byombi byiza mubishushanyo ndetse n'ubugome mubikorwa. Icyangombwa ni ukwegera ntabwo ari ugusimbuza ibintu byoroshye, ahubwo nkinzira yabigenewe, yujujwe inzira yinganda hamwe namategeko yayo. Ntiwirengagize ayo mategeko, uzabona ibicuruzwa bihenze. Kububaha, gufatanya na fondasiyo ibona rwose ukuboko, kandi urashobora gufungura geometrike nibikorwa bigoye kugera kubundi buryo ubwo aribwo bwose.
