Urumva icyuma gisize icyuma kandi kirambye mumyuka imwe, kandi reaction ya mbere ituruka kubaduka benshi bo mu iduka ni ugushidikanya. Nibyo. Kumyaka mirongo, byabaye ibikoresho byakazi-bihendutse, birahanurwa, gusiba neza, byoroshye kumashini. Ariko biramba? Ubusanzwe bivuze ko byasubirwamo, iherezo ryinkuru. Ikibazo nyacyo ntabwo kijyanye nibikoresho byongeye gukoreshwa; bireba urunigi rwose - kuva gushonga kugeza kumashini kugeza igice cyanyuma cyubuzima-kandi niba turi guhanga udushya cyangwa gusiga icyatsi gusa. Nabonye byombi.
Uburemere bwibikorwa byumurage
Reka duhere ku gushonga. Amatanura gakondo ya cupola yicyuma ni ingurube ningufu zituruka. Guhindukira gushiramo amashanyarazi agezweho ni intambwe igaragara yo kubyara umusaruro usukuye, ariko capex ni ubugome kubikorwa bisanzwe. Ntabwo ari ukugura itanura gusa; ni ibikorwa remezo byingufu, umurimo wubuhanga wo kuyikoresha, gufata ibyemezo bitandukanye. Ndibuka uruganda ruciriritse rwakoranye twagerageje kujya hagati, dukoresheje sisitemu ya lisansi ebyiri. Igitekerezo cyari ugukoresha gaze karemano nkibanze n amashanyarazi mugutunganya neza. Byari inzozi mbi-guhora tuyikurikirana, chimie idahuye, hanyuma amaherezo, igipimo cyakuweho. Basubira inyuma. Isomo? Impinduka ziyongera kuri sisitemu yumurage akenshi itera imyanda myinshi, ntabwo ari munsi. Guhanga udushya hano bisobanura kwiyemeza kwuzuye, nigurishwa rikomeye mugihe marge yapimwe kumafaranga kuri kilo.
Noneho hariho umusenyi. Umucanga wicyatsi kibisi, umugongo wicyuma cyumukara, ukoresha ibumba rya bentonite. Nuburyo bufunze-sisitemu, mubyukuri. Ariko mubikorwa, umucanga uragabanuka. Urabona ibumba ryapfuye ryubatswe, igihombo gishobora gutwikwa ninyongeramusaruro yamakara (seacoal), kandi ukeneye guhora uta igice hanyuma ukazana umucanga mushya. Ikiganiro kirambye gikunze kwirengagiza ibikoresho nigiciro cya sisitemu yo gutunganya umucanga. Ziriho, ariko kubice byinshi, igice-gito nkigice cya moteri cyangwa umubiri wa hydraulic valve, igihe cyo kwishyura gishobora kuba kirekire kuruta ubuzima bwumurongo wa casting ubwawo. Inyungu irambye nukuri mubijyanye no kugabanya imyanda, ariko ikibazo cyubucuruzi nticyoroshye keretse amabwiriza cyangwa igitutu cyabakiriya kibihatira.
Aha niho ibintu bituruka kubintu bigoye. Gukoresha urwego rwohejuru rwibicuruzwa bisubirwamo nibisanzwe, ariko ubwiza bwurwo ruzi ruragabanuka. Ibyuma byinshi bisize, byanduye byinshi. Urangiza gukoresha amafaranga menshi yo kwisiga no kubanza kuvura kugirango ukore kimwe Icyuma ibisobanuro byimbaraga zingana na microstructure. Ikirangantego cyongeye gukoreshwa kirashobora kugaragara neza, ariko imbaraga nigiciro cyo gutunganya kugirango ugereyo birashobora gukuraho inyungu. Nigikorwa kiringaniza bake baganira kumugaragaro.
Imashini ya CNC: Ingufu zihishe
Isuzuma rirambye ryinshi rihagarara kuri casting. Ikosa rikomeye. Birakabije Icyatsi kibisi ni intangiriro. Ingufu nyazo zikoreshwa akenshi zibera kumashini. Icyuma kiroroshye cyane gukora imashini, ariko ibyo birashobora gutuma umuntu atanyurwa. Gukoresha ibikoresho byihuta, byihuta kandi bigaburira kugirango wirinde kumeneka ibikoresho ahantu hakomeye (ikibazo rusange hamwe nicyuma kidahuye) gisesagura amashanyarazi menshi kuri buri gice.
Ibi twabyize inzira igoye kumushinga wo kubamo pompe. Abakinnyi ba casting baturutse kumutanga ufite raporo nziza ya chimie, ariko isaro rya pearlite ntiryari rihuye. Ibipimo bisanzwe byo gutunganya, byatejwe imbere kurwego rumwe, byatumye ibikoresho byananirana rimwe na rimwe. Igisubizo? Umugenzuzi w'amagorofa yahamagaye ibintu byose inyuma - umuvuduko wo hasi, gukata byoroheje. Igice cyaragabanutse, ariko igihe cyizunguruka cyarushijeho 30%. Imikoreshereze y'ingufu kuri buri gice cyarangiye yazamutse cyane. Guhanga udushya ntabwo kwari ibintu bishya; byari bijyanye no kugenzura inzira. Tugomba gusubirana nurufatiro kugirango dushimangire inzira zabo, kandi twashyize mubikorwa gukurikirana-gahunda kuri CNC kugirango duhindure ibiryo mugihe nyacyo, ntabwo twakoresheje ubwoba gusa. Aho niho inyungu nyazo ziri: guhuza metallurgie ya fondasiyo na G-code yimashini.
Ibigo bihuza casting na mashini bifite aho bigarukira. Kanda Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Hamwe nimyaka irenga 30 muri yombi Igikonoshwa na Imashini ya CNC, barashobora kugenzura ibihinduka kuva gusuka kugeza kumpera yanyuma. Uku guhuza guhagaritse kwemerera guhitamo igishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho bito bito uhereye mugitangira - ikintu kidashoboka mugihe ukorana nubushakashatsi butandukanye, bwa kure. Kuramba birashizwe mubikorwa neza, ntabwo byashizwe kumurongo wo gusaba.
Igishushanyo cyo kuramba, Ntabwo bisubirwamo gusa
Ubu ni bwo buryo bunini bwo guhindura imitekerereze. Kuramba ntibireba gusa ibiba igice iyo bijanjaguwe. Nijyanye no kumara igihe kinini muri serivisi. Ku cyuma cyijimye, ibi bivuze gusunika ibahasha kumikorere muburyo bwubwenge.
Fata imitwe ya silinderi kuri moteri ntoya yinganda. Icyerekezo cyari kuri aluminium yo kuzigama ibiro. Ariko muburyo buhoraho cyangwa burigihe-imitwaro, uburemere ntabwo arikibazo cyibanze; umunaniro wumuriro nigihe kirekire ni. Twakoze kumushinga aho twakoresheje icyuma kivanze cyoroshye (hamwe na chromium na molybdenum) hamwe no gutunganywa Igikonoshwa inzira kugirango ugere kuri byinshi byiza, byinshi bishushanyije. Igisubizo cyari igice gifite ubushyuhe bwiza bwumuriro hamwe numunaniro ukabije kurenza icyuma gisanzwe cyumuhondo, guhatana na aluminium kumikorere mugihe ikabije. Guhanga udushya twakoreshaga inzira ikuze hamwe no kugenzura gukomeye no gushishoza neza, bikavamo ibicuruzwa bidakenera gusimburwa imyaka myinshi. Iyo ntsinzi nini irambye, ariko ntabwo ihuye neza mubisanduku byongeye gukoreshwa.
Indi nguni ni udushya twa geometrike. Hamwe na software igezweho igezweho, urashobora gushushanya urubingo hamwe nibice byerekana gukomera hamwe nibikoresho bike. Uku kuremerera ibyuma akenshi birengagizwa. Twashizeho uburiri bwibikoresho bya mashini aho twongeyeho urubavu rwimbere muburyo bwa sinusoidal, twashizwe mumwanya dukoresheje umusenyi wuzuye. Yagabanije ibiro hafi 15% bitabangamiye ibintu byo kumanura. Ibikoresho bike byakoreshejwe, imbaraga nke zo kubishonga, uburemere buke bwo gutwara. Na none, guhanga udushya ni mugukoresha tekinoroji ihari kubintu bishaje.
Ikibazo cya Alloy Ikibazo na Niche Porogaramu
Iyo abantu batekereza udushya, basimbuka kuri exotic idasanzwe. Ariko guhatira nikel ishingiye kuri nikel aho icyuma gikozwe neza nicyuma cyakora nikinyuranyo kirambye. Nibijyanye no gupima neza ibikoresho kubisabwa nyirizina.
Ndabona ibi muri valve nibice bya pompe. Hano haribisanzwe kuri stainless kubintu byose birimo fluid. Ariko kubwamavuta menshi ya hydraulic yangirika cyangwa gaze zimwe na zimwe, icyuma cyiza cya flake grafite icyuma cyiza kandi kirangiye neza uhereye kumyitozo yuzuye ikora neza mumyaka mirongo. Carbone muri grafite niyo itanga urwego rwo gusiga. Urufunguzo nubuso bwa kashe. Aho niho ushobora kwerekana ubuvuzi bwaho cyangwa nibindi bintu byinjizwamo. Igice kinini cyamazu gikomeza kuba gisanzwe, ibyuma bisubirwamo. Ubu buryo bwa Hybrid nubuhanga bwubwubatsi, ariko busaba uwabitanze ushobora gukora casting na nyuma yo gutunganywa, nkabatanga integuro gushora imari no gutunganya geometrike igoye.
Kunanirwa ni muburyo budasobanutse. Nasuzumye ibishushanyo aho buri gipimo cyari gifite kwihanganira gukomeye, kandi ibintu bifatika byari ibyuma byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, iyo imikorere yibice yari yubatswe gusa nta mutwaro ufite imbaraga. Igiciro n'igihano cy'ingufu kuri ubwo buhanga burenze urugero. Guhitamo kuramba akenshi guhitamo bihagije. Ibi birasaba injeniyeri zunva gushinga no gutunganya ibintu, ntabwo aribitabo gusa.
Noneho, Hoba hari urubanza?
Ibice by'icyuma bisize birashobora kuba imodoka yo kwimenyereza kuramba, ariko guhanga udushya ntabwo ari ibintu bishya bimurika. Ari muburyo burambuye bwo guhuza inzira no gushushanya nkana. Nukwimuka kubibona nkigicuruzwa ukagifata nkibikoresho byimikorere imitungo ishobora guhuzwa neza binyuze mugucunga inzira.
Abashya nyabo ni abatanga isoko baca icyuho hagati ya metallurgie ninganda. Uburambe bwimbitse bwisosiyete, nkimyaka mirongo itatu QSY yakoresheje uburyo bwo gukina no gutunganya, ihinduka igikoresho kirambye ubwacyo. Ubwo bumenyi butuma bagabanya ibigeragezo namakosa, kugabanya ibisakuzo, no guhuza inzira yo gukora uhereye kubisubiramo byambere.
Ejo hazaza h'icyuma cyijimye ntabwo ari ugusimburwa. Nijyanye no gukoreshwa neza. Igice kirambye cyane nicyo utagomba gukora kabiri, kimwe kimara imyaka 30 nta gutsindwa, kandi cyakozwe ningufu nke zapfushije ubusa kuri buri ntambwe. Kugera kubyo hamwe nicyuma cyumuhondo nikibazo gikomeye, kidashimishije cyubwubatsi-ariko aho niho haboneka kuramba kwingirakamaro.
