Ngatitaure nezve 310S isina tsvina. Ndiyo imwe yeaya mamakisi anokandwa kwakawanda, kazhinji neruremekedzo rwakarasika. Vanhu vanonzwa tembiricha yepamusoro, oxidizing mamiriro, uye vanofunga kuti ibara remashiripiti. Hazvisizvo. Iyo inonakidza alloy, usandiwane zvisizvo, asi kuita kwayo kunoenderana nenharaunda uye, zvakanyanya, pamagadzirirwo ayo. Ndakaona mapurojekiti akawandisa apo 310S yakatsanangurwa zvakadarikidza nerote, zvichitungamira kukundikane kusingatarisirwe kana kuvhuvhuta bhajeti apo 314 kana kunyange yakarongedzerwa nickel alloy ingave yanga iri kutamba kwakangwara. Iyo yakakwira nickel uye chromium yemukati (25/20 nemazita) inopa iyo yakakura scaling kuramba, asi iwo maumbirwo akafanana anoita kuti chive chikara chekushanda nacho-chakaomarara pamaturusi, chinoda kushanda zvakaomarara, uye dambudziko chairo rekupinza pasina kukonzeresa sensitization kana sigma chikamu embrittlement kana iwe usinganyatso chenjera nekupisa kwekupisa uye post-weld kurapa. Izvi hazvisi zvemabhuku; ndizvo zvaunodzidza mushure mekubvarura zvidimbu zvishoma.
The Alloy's Promise vs. The Machining Reality
Kwaunonyatsonzwa musiyano ne 310S simbi isina tsvina iri pachigayo kana pachigayo. Kuenzaniswa ne304 kana 316, iligi rakasiyana. Iyo yakanyanya kupisa simba inoreva kuti haina kupfava zvakanyanya pasi pekupisa kwemudziyo wekucheka, saka uri kurwisana nayo nguva dzose. Isu tinomhanyisa akawanda eCNC mabasa pano, uye ye310S, isu tinobva tadonha kumhanya uye mafeed. Iwe unokona kunge uine hasha. Kana iwe ukaedza kuisundidzira sesimbi yakapfava, unopisa inoisa mumaminitsi. Tagara pamagiredhi chaiwo ecarbide ane akapinza, akanaka geometries uye akasimba chipbreakers. Inotonhodza haigone kutaurirana-mafashamo anotonhodza, uye akawanda acho, kwete kungotonhodza asi kubatsira kutyora nekubvisa machipisi ane tambo, akaomarara. Kana machipisi atanga kuita dendere reshiri, urikukumbira kucheka zvakare uye kupera kwepasi kwakaparara.
Ini ndinorangarira bhechi remabhuraketi echoto atakagadzira kubva mundiro ye310S. Kudhinda kwacho kwaidaidza kuti tight-tolerance slots uye kupera kwakanaka kwepamusoro. Kuedza kwekutanga, takashandisa paramita dzakashanda 316L. Mhedzisiro? Chatter, kupera kwakashata, uye isa kukundikana pachikamu chekutanga. Taifanira kudzoka shure, kuronga zvakare neSFM yakaderera, kuwedzera chikafu zvishoma kuti tipinde pasi pebasa-rakaomeswa dhizaini, uye kushandisa nyowani, yakatsaurirwa seti yezvishandiso. Yakawedzera nezve 40% kunguva yekugadzira, iyo mutengi haana kunakidzwa nazvo pakutanga, asi yaive iyo kana kuendesa chikamu chaizokundikana mubasa. Kutsanangura kuti mutyairi wemutengo chikamu chebasa.
Humwe hunyengeri hunhu hwezvinhu. Isu tinopa zvedu 310S simbi isina tsvina bar nendiro kubva kumagetsi ane mukurumbira, asi kunyangwe zvakadaro, iwe unowana misiyano. Annealed mamiriro anofanirwa kune machining. Takambotambira zvinhu zvaiita sekuti zvakanyungudutswa asi zvakagadzirwa nemuchina wakaita sekuti zvainge zvakaoma. Kuomarara kwecheki kwaive nemuganhu. Zvakaona kuti kutenderera kwechigayo kunogona kunge kwakadzimwa, zvichisiya kushushikana kwasara. Taifanira kuita re-anneal in-house tisati taenderera, izvo zvakanonotsa chirongwa chose. Ikozvino, isu tinoedza sampuli kubva kune yega batch nyowani pane diki oparesheni tisati taisa yakazara stock kumakina eCNC. Idanho diki, rinotora nguva rinochengetedza misoro mikuru.
Kukanda Mafungiro: Haisi Kungonyungudika uye Kudira
Basa redu rekutanga ne310S rinonyanya kuburikidza nekudyara kwekudyara uye kuumbwa kwegoko kune yakaoma, yakatetepa-yakakomberedzwa zvinhu zvakaita semoto unopisa, machubhu anopenya, uye zvigadziriso zvekupisa. Iyo yekukanda maitiro eiyi alloy ndiko uko kwayo kwepamusoro-tembiricha zvimiro zviri bakatwa rinocheka kaviri. Unoda tembiricha yekudira yakakwira kana uchienzaniswa nesimbi dzepasi-giredhi dzisina tsvina-dzinowanzo kusunda 1500°C kana kupfuura. Izvi zvinoda refractories yepamusoro mushell mold system. Jasi rejasi reziso re zirconia-silica rinogona kusaricheka; isu tinowanzo kusimudzira kune yakasanganiswa silica kana yakasarudzika alumina-silicate musanganiswa kudzivirira simbi-mold kuita uye kuremara kwepasi.
Iyo solidification hunhu inonetsa. Iine chando chakareba, icho chakanakira kuyerera kuzadza zvimiro zvakaomarara asi inoita kuti ive nyore kubvaruka nekupisa uye micro-porosity kana gating nekusimuka system isina kugadzirwa zvakakwana. Takadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma pane yekutanga kurongeka kweseti yepyrolysis tube hangers. Iyo dhizaini yaive nekuchinja kwechikamu chakangoerekana. Kunyangwe nezvataifunga kuti zvakaringana kudya, takatsemuka zvakanaka munzvimbo dzakakora-kusvika-mutete. Kugadzirisa kwaisanganisira kugadzira patsva patani kuti isanganise dzimwe shanduko zvishoma nezvishoma uye kushandisa exothermic risers kuchengetedza zvikamu zvakakosha zvakanyungudutswa kwenguva refu, zvichikurudzira kusimba kwekwakananga. Yakawedzera mutengo wepateni, asi yaive nzira chete yekuwana manzwi ekurira.
Post-casting kupisa kurapwa kwakakosha chose. As-cast 310S ichave neiyo cored dhizaini ine kupatsanurwa uye pamwe zvimwe zvikamu zvechipiri senge sigma kana yakadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma mune zvimwe zvikamu. A full solution annealing treatment — kazhinji kudziyisa kusvika ku°C kunoteverwa nekudzima nekukasira (mvura kana mhepo inokurumidza)—yakakosha kunyungudutsazve macarbides neintermetallics uye kudzoreredza a austenitic zvizere, homogeneous chimiro. Svetuka nhanho iyi, uye chikamu chepamusoro-tembiricha yekupisa corrosion uye ductility inokanganiswa. Isu takaita kuti vatengi vabvunze kana vachikwanisa kusvetuka anneal kuti vachengetedze mutengo pazvimiro zviri nyore. Mhinduro inogara iri kwete yakasimba. Iyo data yezvivakwa mune iyo spec sheets inotora yakakodzera mhinduro-yakaverengerwa zvinhu.
Iyo Welding Musungo: Pane Akanaka MaProjekiti Akashata
Kana paine imwe nzvimbo inokonzeresa kuwanda kwemunda ne310S, ndeye welding. Zviri nyore kuwana inoyevedza inonzwika weld ine simbi isina simba. Chinonyanya kunetseka ndechekunaya kwecarbide munzvimbo yakakanganiswa nekupisa (HAZ) -kukurudzira. Nepo 310S ichinyanya kushingirira kupfuura 304 nekuda kwekukwira kwayo chromium, haina kudzivirirwa, kunyanya kana chikamu ichi chikaona kuratidzwa kwenguva refu mu800-1000 ° F renji musevhisi. Iyo weld simbi pachayo inodawo kuwanda. Isu tinogara tichishandisa 310 kana 310H yekuzadza simbi, asi kunyangwe zvakadaro, iwe unofanirwa kuona iyo ferrite nhamba. Iri zero, zvichireva kuti weld ndeye austenitic yakazara uye inoda kupisa kupisa kana kuzvidzora kwakakwira.
Nyaya iripo: takapa nhevedzano ye310S manifolds kukambani inopisa oxidizer. Aive akanaka ekukandira mari, akagadzirwa kuti ataure. Chitoro chomutengi wacho chakachipinza mugungano guru. Mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare, takafonerwa: kutsemuka kwaipenya kubva pazvigunwe zveweld. Kuferefeta kwakaratidza kusanganiswa kwezvinhu: vakashandisa 309 filler (yakajairwa asi isiri yakakwana kune yakazara tembiricha renji), tembiricha yeinterpass yaive yakakwira zvakanyanya, uye gungano rakadzorwa zvakanyanya. Iyo weld simbi, iine akasiyana ekuwedzera kwemafuta ekuwedzera coefficient uye yakaderera ductility mune se-welded state, yaisakwanisa kubata kushushikana kwekushisa panguva yecyclic kushanda. Mushonga wacho waive nzira yekugadzirazve weld ine kudzora kwakasimba pa pre-heat (kwete yakanyanya kukwirira, inongokwana kudzivirira unyoro), kushoma kupisa kwekuisa stringer bead, uye yekupedzisira mhinduro anneal yegungano rose-iyo yaive basa rakakura rechoto. Chaive chidzidzo chinodhura kwavari chekuti nei weld process yakatarwa (WPS) iripo nechikonzero.
Nezvedu zvekugadzira, isu zvino tinosimbirira pakukodzera WPS kune chero 310S simbi isina tsvina weld pane imwe ukobvu. Zvinosanganisira kunyora zvese: filler simbi yakawanda, kudzivirira gasi (isu tinowedzera imwe helium dzimwe nguva kuti ipinde zviri nani pane zvakakora zvikamu), amperage, voltage, kumhanya kwekufamba, uye post-weld kupisa kwekushisa paramita. Iwo mapepa, asi ndiyo chete nzira yekuve nechokwadi chekudzokorora uye kudzivirira kubva kune zvinozotaurwa.
Sourcing uye kukosha kweTraceability
Haasi ese 310S akasikwa akaenzana. Musiyano uripo pakati pechigayo chepamusoro-soro uye mutengesi wekuderedzwa kazhinji hausi mumakemikari ari pacert - vese vanosangana neASTM A276 kana A479-asi mukuenderana, kuchena kwemukati, uye kuvimbika kwekupisa kwekupisa. Zvekukosha kwepamusoro-tembiricha maapplication, misiyano midiki musilicon kana cerium yemukati inogona kukanganisa chiyero kunamatira. Kutsvaga tsvina kunogona kukurumidza kushatisa. Isu takavaka hukama nevashoma vanovimbika makore apfuura, uye tinobhadhara mari yekutanga. Zvakakodzera.
Apa ndipo pane basa rekutonga kwemudiwa. Kushop kwedu, Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kubata alloy seizvi chikamu cheDNA yedu mushure memakumi matatu emakore. Hatisi kungocheka kana kukanda kune zvakadhindwa; tiri kutonga hupenyu hwese hwezvinhu kubva paguyo cert kusvika pachikamu chakapedzwa. Nokuti a 310S simbi isina tsvina chikamu, izvo zvinogona kureva kuti isu tinotenga yakasimbiswa bar stock, kuita CNC machining pasi pemaparamita anodzorwa, tobva tapa mhinduro kuchitoro chechoto chatakaongorora (kana kushandisa yedu yezvikamu zvidiki), uye pakupedzisira toitisa NDT sedhayi inopinda muyedzo pane ese akakosha nzvimbo. Iko kusanganisa kwakatwasuka-kana zvirinani, kwakanyatso chengetedzwa yakatwasuka yekubatanidza-ndiyo inodzivirira rudzi rwekutadza kwandambotsanangura. Haugone kungotenga zvinhu wozvikanda pachitoro chemuchina. Iwe unoda mutengesi anonzwisisa simbi kuseri kwemirairo yekugadzira.
Ndinoyeuka mumwe mutengi aida kutsiva chubhu inopenya yevira remoto. Vakanga vachitenga kubva kune generic fabricator. Machubhu akanga achikundikana nguva isati yakwana, achigwedera uye achitsemuka. Takaongorora chidimbu chakakundikana. Iyo chemistry yaive yadzimwa (yakaderera nickel), iyo microstructure yakaratidza hombe carbide network, uye iyo OD yaive nemachining misodzi. Yakanga iri chikamu chakachipa chaivadyira mari yakawanda munguva yekuderera. Isu takavagadzira seti nyowani kubva kune yakanyatso kucheneswa uye yakagadziriswa 310S, ine kushivirira kwakasimba pakutwasanuka uye ukobvu hwemadziro. Yekupedzisira yandakanzwa, iyo seti yakanga yapfuura yapfuura nechikamu chetatu. Mutengo wepamberi wakanga wakakwira, asi mari yose yokuva muridzi yakanga yakaderera. Ndiyo maverengero chaiwo ane zvinhu zvakadai.
Kupedzisa Pasina Mhedziso: Icho Chishandiso, Kwete Talisman
Saka, ndiko kuraswa kwehuropi pa310S. Kiyi yekutora haisi rondedzero yezvivakwa - unogona kuitora kubva kune chero bhuku rekushandisa. Ndiko kutsanangura uye kugadzira nayo 310S simbi isina tsvina zvinoda ruremekedzo nokuda kwezvimwe zvayo. Haisi yekudonha-in kutsiva kune mamwe austenitic simbi. Kukosha kwayo kunovhurwa chete nechaiyo, inodzorwa kugadzirisa. Kana iwe uri kugadzira chimwe chinhu chinozoona inoenderera sevhisi pamusoro pe1000 ° C munzvimbo ine oxidizing, uye iwe uchigona kugadzirisa matambudziko ekugadzira, isarudzo yakanaka. Asi kana tembiricha yako ichitenderera kana mhepo ine sulfides inoderedza, unogona kunge uri mu330 kana alloy 600 ndima. Uye kana usina chitoro chemuchina kana chivakwa chinonyatsoziva mabatirwo acho, uri kubhejera.
Hurukuro dzatinadzo nemainjiniya munzvimbo dzakadai QSY ishoma nezve kutora mutengo uye zvimwe nezve kuongorora application. Tembiricha yepamusoro yakaita sei? Zviri cyclic here? Mamiriro ezvinhu akaita sei? Inguvai inotarisirwa kurarama? Ipapo isu tinotaura maitiro: kukanda kana machining kubva mukugadzirwa? Chii kupisa kurapwa? Muedzo upi? Iyo yekumashure-uye-mberi, iyo yakagovaniswa kugadzirisa-dambudziko, ndiyo inoshandura chirevo pane dhirowa kuita chikamu chinoshanda uye chinogara. Nyaya yacho inongova pokutangira. Iwo mashiripiti chaiwo, kana uchikwanisa kuidaidza, iri mumatanho ese anouya mushure.
Pamwe ndiyo pfungwa yekupedzisira. Nechinhu chakaita se310S, hausi kunyatsotenga simbi. Uri kutenga hunyanzvi hwekuishandura nemazvo. Chivimbo chekuti kana chaiswa mune imwe vira kana reactor, hausi kuzofonerwa nekuvhunduka pakati pehusiku. Runyararo irworwo rwepfungwa runobva kune gritty, zvisiri-zvinoyevedza zvemitengo yemafeed, annealing charts, weld logs, uye kuomarara bvunzo. Haisi seksikäs, asi ndiyo inoita mutsauko pakati pechikamu chakangogadzirwa uye chakagadzirwa nemazvo.
