Kana vanhu vazhinji vakanzwa 'powder metallurgy', vanobva vangoona giya rekutanga rekutsikirira-uye-sinter kana bhushi. Ndiyo nzvimbo yekupinda, chokwadi, asi zvakare ndiyo pfungwa huru-yekuti PM ingori imwe nzira yakachipa yezvimiro zviri nyore. Ichokwadi, kunyanya kana iwe ukapinda muzvikamu zvepamusoro-soro, imhuka yakasiyana zvachose. Izvo zvishoma nezve kutsiva machining nhanho uye zvimwe nezve kugadzira chimiro chechinhu chausingakwanise kuwana kubva mukunyunguduka. Ndakaona magadzirirwo akawandisa achitadza nekuti mumwe munhu akatsanangura chikamu chePM chinoenderana nebhuku rekuverenga density chati pasina kubata zvinoitika panguva yekubatanidzwa mukupisa nekumanikidzwa. Mukaha uripo pakati peiyo yakanakira isotropic chivakwa pane dhata uye icho chaicho chikamu chakagara patafura yekuongorora chinogona kunge chakakura.
Iyo Alloy Powder Puzzle: Inotanga Pamberi peMold
Wese munhu anotarisa pamusoro pekutsikirira uye sintering paramita, uye ndizvozvo. Asi misoro inowanzotanga kare, nehupfu pachayo. Hatisi kungotaura nezve iron-copper-carbon pre-mixes pano. Paunenge uchishanda neakakosha alloys, senge nickel-based kana cobalt-based yatinobata padivi pebasa redu rekukanda paQSY, nzira yekugadzira hupfu inova yakakosha. Atomization yegasi maringe neatomization yemvura haingori musiyano wemutengo; ndeye oxide yemukati, particle shape, uye kuyerera. Ndinoyeuka purojekiti yechisimbiso chepamusoro-chepamusoro apo mutengi akasimbirira pamvura-atomized nickel alloy powder pamutengo. Zvakaguma nei? Kuenderera mberi sintering nyaya uye kusagadzikana density. Takachinjira kune gas-atomized, uye dambudziko rakapera. Chidzidzo chaive chekuti in upfu metallurgy, nhoroondo yezvinyorwa yakavharirwa mune tudiki tudiki, uye haugone kutadza kutanga kwakaipa.
Izvi zvinobatana nechikonzero nei makambani ane yakasimba metallurgical background, seQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kazhinji ane gumbo kumusoro. Washanda kweanopfuura makore makumi matatu mukukandira uye kugadzira, iwe unokudziridza manzwiro ehutu hwemabatiro anoita maalloys pasi pekutenderera kwekupisa. Iyo intuition inotamiswa. Apo patinotarisa nickel-based alloy powder yechikamu chePM, hatisi kungoona hupfu; isu tiri kufunga nezve hunhu hwayo hwekusimba, kugadzikana kwayo kwechikamu-ruzivo rwakakwidziridzwa kubva kumakumi emakore ekudyara kwekudyara nemaaloyi akafanana. Inoshandura hurukuro kubva kungoita chimiro ichi kune icho microstructure yatiri kuvavarira?
Imwe pfungwa yakavanzika ndeyekubata hupfu. Zvinoita sezvisina basa, asi kutorwa kwemwando, kunyangwe munzvimbo inodzorwa, kunogona kukanganisa. Paupfu hwesimbi isina tsvina, inouraya. Iwe unogona kuwana chikamu chakanaka chegirini kubva pamuchina, chete kuti uwane mablistering uye kubuda kwemavara mushure mekupisa. Kugadzirisa kunowanzo muzvinhu uye kuchengetedza-chimwe chinhu chiri nyore kurerutsa kana iwe uchibva kune yechinyakare machining kana yekukanda kumashure kwaunotanga nestock yakasimba.
Kupi PM uye Machining Collide (uye Kubatana)
A yakachena upfu metallurgy chikamu, chakananga kunze kwechoto che sinter, chinowanzova fungidziro yekushandiswa kwepamusoro-kushivirira. Ndiko uko kuwirirana neCNC machining kunova kusingagone kutaurirana. Mafungiro emugadziri akabatanidzwa akakosha zvakanyanya. Panzvimbo yedu, chikamu chePM uye CNC machining floor haina kucheneswa. Vanamachini vanoziva kuti chikamu chakacheneswa hachisi simbi yakafanana; panogona kunge paine zvishoma density gradients, uye ivo vanogadzirisa mafeed uye kumhanya zvinoenderana. Izvi hazvisi zvemabhuku; irwo ruzivo rwedzinza rwakapfuudzwa pakati peiyo sintering tech uye CNC opareta.
Ndinoyeuka chimwe chinhu chakaoma cheflanged chine mukati mehelical gear. Mazino egiya akaumbwa kuburikidza nePM kusvika padhuze-mambure chimiro-kuedza kumichina iwo kubva pakasimba kungadai kwakave kutyisa kwekurasa uye nguva. Asi chiso cheflange chaida Ra 0.4 kupera uye yakasimba perpendicularity. Kuimba kwega hakwaigona kurova izvozvo. Saka, isu takaipisa, ndokuisungirira pachigayo cheCNC. Hunyengeri hwaive mukugadzirisa: haugone kupwanya chikamu chakasimwa senge iwe waizogadzira. Isu takagadzira yakapfava-shaw fixture iyo yakagovera clamping force munzvimbo yakakura yeflange. Tsanangudzo diki, asi yakadzivirira kukanganisa uye yakave nechokwadi chekuti chiso chekupedzisira chemuchina chaive chokwadi. Rudzi urwu rwemaitirwo zambuko ndipo panogadzirwa kukosha chaiko.
Iyi nzira yakabatanidzwa ndiyo yaunoona panzvimbo yakaita seQSY. Webhusaiti yedu, https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, inodonongodza masevhisi edu epakati mugomba mold kukanda, kukanda mari, uye CNC machining. Zvazvinoreva, uye zvatinorarama zuva nezuva, inzira-agnostic philosophy. Chinangwa hachisi chekutengesa PM chikamu kana chikamu chakakandwa; ndiko kuendesa chikamu chinoshanda chinosangana nes, zvakavimbika. Dzimwe nguva izvo zvinoreva PM musimboti ine michina maficha. Dzimwe nguva, zvinoreva kuraira mutengi kuti kune yavo chaiyo yekuremedza kesi uye geometry, goko-mold kukanda inogona kuve yakasimba kupfuura yePM vhezheni, kunyangwe nemutengo wepamusoro wekushandisa. Kutendeseka ikoko kunobva pakuva nematurusi akawanda mubhokisi.
Iyo Density Dilemma: Haisi Ingori Nhamba
Density ndiyo inoyera grail yePM, asi inveve metric. Kuwana 7.4 g / cm3 pane imwe iron-based part chinhu chimwe; kuve nechokwadi chekuti density yakafanana muchikamu chese ndechimwe. Porosity haisi nguva dzose muvengi-yakanakira kuzviputira-asi kugovera kwayo kwakakosha. Mumaapplications e-high-stress, a localized low-density zone inzvimbo yekutanga crack yakamirira kuitika.
Isu takadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma pane lever chikamu cheiyo hydraulic system. Chikamu chakapfuura cheki yeavhareji ye density ine mavara anobhururuka. Asi mukuyedzwa kwemunda, yakaramba ichitadza pane imwe pivot point. Metallographic muchinjika-chikamu chakaratidza hunyengeri density gradient yakabatana neyepakutanga poda yekuzadza pateni mukufa. Kugadzirisa kwanga kusiri kungowedzera iyo compacting kudzvanywa pasirese (iyo njodzi yekupfeka chombo uye lamination). Isu taifanira kugadzira patsva chishandiso nemapunji akawanda ezasi kuti tikochekere hupfu zvakanyanya kufanana kubva kumatemo akawanda. Yakawedzera mutengo uye kuoma kune chishandiso, asi yakagadzirisa dambudziko. Iyi ndiyo mhando ye upfu metallurgy nuance inoparadzanisa prototype kubva kune yakagadzirira-yakagadzirira chikamu.
Apa ndipo panouyawo maoperations epost-sintering senge saizi kana coining. Hazvisi zvekungorova mativi ekushivirira; vanogona kushanda-kuomesa pamusoro uye kuvhara kunze kwepamusoro porosity. Icho chiitiko chechipiri chinowedzera mutengo, asi kune zvikamu zvinotarisana nekupfeka kana kuora, zvinogona kuve mutsauko pakati pegore rimwe uye makore mashanu ehupenyu hwesevhisi. Sarudzo yekuwedzera iyo nhanho inodzika kune inoshanda kutonga kufona pane chikamu chebasa kutenderera, kwete kungodhinda.
Kana PM Isiri Mhinduro: Iyo yekukanda Alternative
Nemidzi yedu yakadzika mukukanda, tiri kugara tichienzanisa mhuri mbiri dzemaitiro. Kune nzvimbo yavanokwikwidza, uye nzvimbo umo munhu ari nani zviri pachena. Kune ekupedzisira-akaomesesa emukati geometries - funga kutonhora nzira mune turbine blade-kudyara kwekudyara kuchiri mambo. Upfu metallurgy inotamburira nemamwe ma undercuts uye akatetepa kwazvo, madziro akadzika munzvimbo yegirinhi isati yanyura.
Nekudaro, kune zvigadzirwa zvinozivikanwa zvakanyanya kunetsa kukanda zvine ruzha chimiro, senge mamwe masimbi ekumhanya-mhanya kana tungsten-heavy alloys, PM is a godsend. Inobvisa kusarura uye inopa yakanaka, yunifomu carbide kugovera. Taive necase yewear plate mumining application. Chigadzirwa chacho chaive chepamusoro-chromium iron alloy. Iyo yekukanda vhezheni yakaramba ichiwana yega shrinkage cavities. Isu takachinjira kuPM nzira tichishandisa yakafanana alloy kuumbwa poda, inoteverwa neakakwira-tembiricha sinter uye inokurumidza CNC kugaya kusvika saizi. Hupenyu hwekupfeka hwakawedzera nepamusoro pe300%. Mutengo pachikamu chimwe nechimwe wakanga wakakwira, asi mutengo wose wokuva muridzi wakaderera.
Uyu ndiwo musimboti wekugadzira kunoshanda: kusarudza iyo chaiyo mepu yemaitiro. Hazvisi zvekufarira tekinoroji yauinayo. PaQSY, chokwadi chekuti isu tine zvese zvekukanda uye PM kugona (pamwe nekupedza CNC) inotimanikidza kuti tive nechinangwa. Tinogona kumhanyisa kuongororwa pasina kusarura kwekutengesa. Dzimwe nguva, mhinduro yakanaka ndeye hybrid. Isu takaita zvikamu izvo muviri mukuru unodhura-unoshanda ganda mold kukanda, asi yakakosha kupfeka nzvimbo ndeye PM inoiswa yakavharwa kana kukiyiwa nemishini panzvimbo yekukanda-kukanda. Zvinonzwika zvakashata, asi zvinoshanda zvine hungwaru mumunda.
Ramangwana Harisi Kungowedzera Kuwedzera
Yakawanda yeruzha nhasi yakatenderedza simbi yekuwedzera kugadzirwa, iyo iri pamwoyo wayo, chimiro che upfu metallurgy. Asi zvechinyakare kudzvanya-uye-sinter uye MIM (Metal Injection Molding) hazvisi kuenda. Kune yakakwirira-vhoriyamu, inodzokororwa zvikamu, ivo vanowanzo shanda zvakanyanya mune zvehupfumi pane 3D kudhinda. Iko kushanduka kwandinoona kuri muhupfu pachahwo-hupfu hwakagadzirwa nenano-scale coatings kana zvimiro zvakaumbwa zvinobvumira kunyura patembiricha yakaderera kune akakwenenzvera ekupedzisira mamicrostructures.
Dambudziko rinoshanda riri pamusoro nderekugara. Kudzokorodza hupfu chinhu chikuru. Haasi ese hupfu hunogona kushandiswa zvakare, kunyanya mushure meimwe sintering atmosphere. Mabatiro aunoita rukova rwemarara-iyo overspray, iyo-ye-ye-spec poda batches-iri kuita hanya nemutengi, kwete EPA chete. Ndiyo imwe layer ye process control inowedzerwa kune iyo rondedzero.
Saka, pandinofunga nezve 'zvehupfu simbi', handingofungi nezvemaitiro. Ndinofunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu, seti yezvibvumirano nemikana, uye kudyidzana kunodiwa nemamwe maitiro ekugadzira. Icho chishandiso chine simba, asi chete kana iwe uchinzwisisa mutauro waro-mutauro unotaurwa mune density gradients, particle size distributions, uye sinter curves, kwete chete pane data sheet.
