Kana vanhu vazhinji vakanzwa kufambira mberi muupfu simbi, vanofananidzira majasi erabhoritari uye anopenya, akazara otomatiki mashini. Rondedzero yeindastiri ndeye kuomarara kwe-net-shape uye matsva alloys, chiri chokwadi, asi chinopenya pamusoro pehuipi, huchokwadi hwekuita kuti zvikamu izvi zvishande mugungano chairo. Kufambira mberi chaiko hausi hupfu kana kuti muchina; ndiko kubatanidzwa kweketani yese - kubva ku feedstock kusvika ku sintering kusvika kune yechipiri mashandiro - uye kuti zvinoshandura sei dhizaini kufunga. Ndakaona dhizaini yakawandisa ichikundikana nekuti mainjiniya akatsanangura chikamu cheP/M sekunge chaive chemichina billet, tichiregeredza anisotropic zvivakwa uye basa rakakosha rekunyungudika kwemhepo. Ndipo parikuitika budiriro chaiyo, mukugadzirisa gap iroro.
The Material Leap Haisi Nguva Yese Kwaunofunga
Hongu, kuvandudzwa kwehupfu hutsva husati hwasanganiswa, kufanana neaya epamusoro-soro diffusion-bonded akasiyana, kwakakosha. Vanopa mamwe yunifomu microstructures. Asi kufambira mberi kunoshanda kwatiri kudivi rekugadzira kwave kuri mumabinder masisitimu uye mafuta ekuzora. Pakutanga munguva yangu ndichishanda nemumwe wangu pakuisa chigaro chevharuvhu, takarova madziro nesimba rakasvibira. Chikamu chaizotsemuka panguva yejection, kwete panguva yekupisa. Hupfu hwakanga hwave mberi, asi maitiro akanga asina. Isu takachinjira kune yakaomesesa organic binder-lubricant combo, iyo yaiita senge nhanho yekudzokera kumashure maererano neiyo yepamusoro-tech mufananidzo, asi yakagadzirisa dambudziko repapo. Chakanga chiri chiyeuchidzo chokuti zvinhu zvinopenya sainzi kazhinji zvinoenderana neizvi zvisina kunaka, chemistry-inorema zvinowedzera kuti zvishande.
Izvi zvinobatanidza zvakananga mukushanda nema alloys akakosha. Kambani yakadai Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ine nhoroondo yayo yakadzika mukukandira kwekudyara uye machining ecobalt uye nickel-based alloys, inonzwisisa izvi intuitively. Paunofamba kubva pakukanda aya akaomeswa alloys kuenda kuagadzira kuburikidza nehupfu simbi, matambudziko anowedzera. Hunhu hwekuyerera kwehupfu hwakasiyana, tembiricha yekupisa yakanyanyisa, uye kudzora kwemhepo (kazhinji vacuum kana yakakwirira-kuchena hydrogen) inova isingagone kutaurirana. Kufanotangira pano kungangove kwakavimbika graphite gadziriso iyo inoderedza chikamu chinokanganisa panguva yekukwira-kutenderera kutenderera, chimwe chinhu chaunongodzidza kuburikidza nekuyedza uye kukanganisa.
Kutaura nezve sintering, ndiyo chaiyo yekugadzira-kana-break chikamu. Iwe unogona kuve nekubatana kwakakwana, asi kana tembiricha yako yakadzimwa ne20 madhigirii munzvimbo inopisa-yakanyanya, kana kana paine kakudonhera muchoto chako chekuvhaira, unopedzisira wava nezvikamu zvisina simba rekusimba kana kuoma kusingaenderane. Takamboita batch ye upfu metallurgy magiya emota diki yehydraulic mota yakapfuura dimensional cheki asi yakakundikana mukuyedza kuneta. Mupari wemhosva? A zvishoma oxidizing mamiriro panguva kutonhora, iyo yakagadzira brittle, nhete oxide layer pamiganhu yezviyo. Zvaisaonekwa nemaziso. Iko kufambira mberi kwaive kuisa mari mune chaiyo-nguva yekutarisa mamiriro ekunze, iyo yainzwa senge inodhura yakasarudzika kudzamara yachengetedza kugadzirwa.
CNC Machining: Iyo Inodiwa Partner, Kwete Mukwikwidzi
Pane nhema dichotomy pakati pepedyo-net-chimiro P/M uye CNC machining. Simba chairo riri mukuwirirana kwavo. Chikamu chinogona kunge chiri 95% chakaumbwa nevanodhinda, asi icho chekupedzisira 5% - yakakosha kushivirira, kona yakapinza, kana shinda - inoda machining. Iko kufambira mberi kuri mukugadzira iyi hybrid process kubva pakutanga. Semuyenzaniso, kutsanangura gomba rakadzikira zvishoma munzvimbo yakasimwa, uchiziva kuti ichave yakafinhwa, inobvumira dhizaini yakasimba yekugadzira uye kuzadza hupfu huri nani.
Apa ndipo apo mudiwa ane simba machining zvitupa zvakakosha. Kutarisa QSY's profile, avo makumi matatu emakore muCNC machining haisi yekungowedzera-basa; irwo ruzivo rwehwaro rwemabasa epashure-sintering. Machining a sintered simbi chikamu zvakasiyana kubva machining bhawa rakagadzirwa. Iyo porosity inogona kukanganisa hupenyu hwechishandiso uye kupera kwepamusoro. Iwe unofanirwa kugadzirisa kumhanya, mafidhi, uye dzimwe nguva shandisa akasiyana maturusi majeometri. Kufambira mberi muP/M hakuna zvakunoreva kana usingakwanise kuigadzira nguva dzose. Ini ndakabatana pamapurojekiti kwatakagadzira chaiyo yekuchera protocol ye porous P/M flange, iyo yaive iri machining resipi yakarongedzerwa kune iyo sintered density. Iyo protocol yaive yakakosha sekutsanangurwa kwehupfu.
Webhusaiti tsngtaocnc.com inosimbisa basa ravo neshell mold uye kuisa mari. Zvinonakidza kufunga nezve kupindirana. Investment casting zvakare inoburitsa yakaoma, padyo-net maumbirwo. Sarudzo pakati pezviviri izvi kazhinji inodzika kusvika kuvhoriyamu, zvinhu, uye zvemuchina zvivakwa zvinodiwa. Dzimwe nguva, kufambira mberi kuri kungoziva nguva yekusashandisa poda metallurgy. Kune yakakwirira-vhoriyamu, ferrous zvikamu zvine mwero kuomarara, P/M inohwina. Kune yakaderera mavhoriyamu e superalloy ane yakanyanyisa tembiricha inodiwa, kukanda mari kunogona kunge kuchiri mhinduro. Hunyanzvi huri pakuita kuti kudanwa kwekutonga.
Density ndiMambo, Asi Consistency ndihwo Humambo
Wese bhuku rezvidzidzo rinosimudzira nezve kuwana yakakwira density. Dambudziko renyika-chaiyo kuwana yunifomu density, kunyanya muzvikamu zvine madziro akatwasuka uye akawanda-level maficha. Yepamberi isingawane kudhindwa kwakakwana ndiko kuvandudzwa kwesimulation software yehupfu compaction. Mamienzaniso ekutanga aive magwara akashata. Ikozvino, ivo vanogona kufanotaura density gradients nekukatyamadza kwechokwadi, vachibvumira kugadzirisa maturusi chimbo chimwe chete chisati chatemwa. Isu takashandisa imwe yekunyepedzera kugadziridza punch ye sprocket, tichiwedzera diki taper isu tingadai tisina kufunga zvine musoro. Yakaderedza density musiyano kubva pa 0.3 g/cm3 kusvika pasi pe 0.1 g/cm3 pamhiri pezita rezino. Izvo zvakashandura zvakananga kune zvakanyanya kuenderana kupfeka kuita.
Nekudaro, software yakangonaka sekupinza. Hunhu hwehupfu hwehupfu hunopesana nesimbi yemudziyo, iyo inoshanduka nehunyoro uye kusiyanisa kwemajenya, musiyano mukuru. Unosisira kumhanyisa miedzo yenyama. Iyo yekumberi pano ndeye mhinduro loop: tevedzera, kuvaka, kuyera (uchishandisa hunyanzvi hwepamberi senge CT scanning yemamepu emukati density), wozokwenenzvera modhi yekutevedzera. Inodzokorora uye inononoka, asi ndiwo maitiro aunoita maitiro akasimba.
Uku kutsvaga kuenderana ndiko kunofambisa kutorwa kwemichina yekutsikirira - kwete yekumhanyisa chete, asi iyo ine kudzora zvirinani pamusoro pekuzadza, kudzvanya, uye ejection sequences. Kuzeza kudiki panguva yekupedzisira compaction sitiroko inogona kuunza chirema. Ndiwo maminutiae aya anoparadzanisa prototype yerabhoritari kubva pakugadzira-yakagadzirira maitiro. Paunenge uchipa zvikamu zvemutsetse wegungano, goho re99.5% harina kukwana. Iwe unoda 99.95%. Kuwana iyo yekupedzisira 0.45% ndiko uko makumi emakore echiitiko, senge akaiswa mumafemu akareba, anobhadhara.
Iyo Alloy Conundrum uye iyo Supply Chain
Kushanda neakakosha alloys senge nickel kana cobalt-yakavakirwa kuburikidza neP/M inzvimbo yemuganhu. Mafambiro acho anobatika asi anouya nemusoro. Hupfu hunodhura zvakanyanya, uye kazhinji unenge uchibata nezvinhu zvinodzoreka zvinoda kudzora mamiriro ekunze. Mubairo, zvisinei, unogona kushamisa: zvikamu zvine yakanaka, homogeneous microstructures izvo zvisingabviri kuwana kuburikidza nekukanda, zvichipa zviri nani-yepamusoro-tembiricha inokambaira kuramba.
Asi heino dambudziko rinoshanda: fragility yekugovera ketani. Munguva yepurojekiti inosanganisira nickel superalloy turbine seal, mupi wedu wepoda wenguva dzose aive nemhando hiccup. Oxygen yemukati mubatch yavo yaive yakawandisa. Hatina kukwanisa kuishandisa. Kutsvaga imwe nzira nenguva pfupi kwaityisa. Izvi zvakasimbisa kuti kufambira mberi mukuita kwechigadzirwa kunotsvedza kana iwe usingakwanise kuburitsa nekuvimbika kugovera feedstock. Zvakatisundidzira kuti tikodzere vatengesi vakawanda, inova inodhura uye inopedza nguva maitiro ekuedza sintering uye kuyedza. Iri ndiro unsexy divi rezvinhu zvepamberi.
Makambani akafambisa nyika yekukanda neaya alloys, akadai QSY, vangangove vakagadzira nzira dzekutsvagisa zvinhu uye kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwesimbi. Iyo nheyo yezivo inochinjika uye yakakosha. Vanonzwisisa kuti sei iwe uchigona kuwedzera hudiki hwechinhu chisingawanikwe pasi kumusanganiswa wehupfu kuti uvandudze sintered density, nekuti vaona misimboti yakafanana mumelt chemistry yekukanda. Uku kusanganisa-kupesana kweruzivo kubva kwakasiyana matekinoroji ekugadzira pachayo inzira yakanyarara asi ine simba yekufambira mberi kweindasitiri.
Saka, Chii Chaiyo Trajectory?
Tichitarisa kumashure kwekushambadzira, iyo trajectory ye hupfu metallurgy kufambira mberi kune kubatanidzwa uye kusanzwisisa. Hazvisi zvechishamiso chimwe chete chekutsikirira. Zviri nani kubatanidza dhizaini yedhizaini tambo (DFAM yeP/M), ine zvimwe zvinofungidzirwa compaction simulation, yakasungirirwa kune yakasimba sintering control, uye inotsigirwa ne-post-processing hunyanzvi inonzwisisa sintered microstructure. Chinangwa ndechekuderedza kushamisika chinhu.
Mutambo wekupedzisira ndewekuita poda metallurgy sarudzo yekutanga, kwete yekudzokera shure, kune mamwe anodiwa maapplication. Izvi zvinoreva kugutsa mainjiniya ekugadzira kuti vanogona kuwana akavimbika, epamusoro-kuita zvikamu pasina kunzwisisa arcana yechoto chinopisa. Kuvimbika kunobva kune kwakaratidza kuenderana. Izvo zvakavakwa chikamu nechikamu, nekufamba kwemakore, nekugadzirisa matambudziko asina kunaka emafuta ekupisa-kudzima uye dhizaini dhizaini. Ndiwo ruzivo rwakabatanidzwa rweindastiri, yakagara mumakambani anga achipfuura nepakati pezvinhu uye shanduko yemaitiro, inoshandura kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hwekuita nzira yakavimbika yekugadzira. Nhanho huru inotevera ingangove yekumisikidza nzira yatinogovana nayo yese iyi tacit, yakaoma-kuhwina maitiro ruzivo.
