Paunonzwa 'Alloy 21', kushamwaridzana kwevakawanda mundima yedu 'high-end nickel alloy', inowanzobatanidzwa nezvinoda zveHastelloy C-276 kana Inconel 625. Ndiro dambudziko rekutanga rinowanzoitika-tichifunga kuti ingori imwe bhiza risingaparare. Muchokwadi, kuumbwa kwayo chaiko, iyo chiyero che nickel, chromium, molybdenum, uye inodzorwa iron yemukati, inopa iyo niche chaiyo. Haisi nguva dzose sarudzo yekutanga kune yakanyanya hutsinye kuderedza asidhi, asi munzvimbo dzakasanganiswa asidhi, kunyanya uko ma chlorides uye oxidizing munyu unouya, kugadzikana kwayo ndiko kwandakaona ichipenya. Ndinoyeuka purojekiti makore kumashure uko mutengi aisimbirira paC-276 yemuviri wakaoma wevharuvhu, asi mushure mekuongorora mamiriro chaiwo ebasa - anosanganisira hot nitric uye hydrofluoric acid musanganiswa - takasundidzira kuti tishandure. Alloy 21. Iyo data yekuita uye hupenyu hwekupedzisira sevhisi yakasimbisa kufona ikoko. Irwo rudzi urwu rweruzivo rwekushandisa rusina ruzivo runoparadzanisa basa rakajairwa kubva kune yakavimbika engineering mhinduro.
Hunhu hweChinyorwa uye Machining Nuances
Kushanda ne Alloy 21 muchitoro mune mhuka yakasiyana nekuverenga pepa rayo. Machinability ayo ari ... ngatitii, zvinoda. Haisi iyo yakaomesesa alloy kunze uko, asi inoshanda-inoomesa zvine hukasha. Kana mudziyo wako usina kupinza, hausi kucheka; urikungopisa pamusoro nekuvaka kupisa. Takadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma pane yekutanga batch yemapombi epombi. Ikashandiswa pese pese yakasakara zvishoma, chiyero chekudya chaive chakachengetedza - chakazopedzisira chave neganda rakanaka, rakaomarara repamusoro iro raiita kuti kupedzisa kwakatevera kupfuure chinotyisa uye kupotsa kwakanganisa chimiro chechikamu.
Kiyi, kwatiri, yakave yakaomesesa setup uye nehukasha, yakanaka-rake kucheka. Iwe unofanirwa kupinda pasi pebasa-rakaoma layer. Inotonhodza haisi yekutonhodza chete; ndeyekuzora kudzivirira yakavakirwa-kumusoro. Isu takamira pane yakakwira-kudzvanya inotonhorera kuburikidza nechishandiso cheCNC mashandiro pane ichi chinhu. Yakaita mutsauko wepasirese muhupenyu hwezvishandiso uye nepamusoro pekupedzisira kuenderana. Ndicho chimwe chezvishandiso apo machining parameters iwe aungashandisa 316 isina tsvina anotungamira iwe wakananga mukukundikana kunodhura.
Imwe pfungwa yakavanzika maitiro ayo panguva yeganda mold kana kuisa mari. Kuyerera kwaro kwakanaka, asi kunonzwa kudira tembiricha uye mold preheat. Kunyanya kutonhorera, uye iwe unotyaira mhute inomhanya kana kutonhora kuvhara muzvikamu zvitete; yakanyanya kupisa, uye unogona kuwana yakawandisa zviyo kukura kana kuita nemamwe mold refractories. Isu takagara pahwindo rakatetepa tembiricha, rinotsigirwa nepyrometer cheki, kwete zvekuona chete. Post-casting, kurapwa kwekupisa kwakakosha pakuzorodza kushushikana uye kugadzirisa corrosion zvivakwa-haisi danho rekusarudza.
Chaiyo-Nyika Yekushandisa uye Yakananga Nyaya
Zvizhinji zvebasa redu nazvo Alloy 21 inopera mukugadzirwa kwemakemikari, asi kwete nguva dzose mumidziyo mikuru. Mamwe eanonyanya kukosha maapplication ari mune zvidiki, zvakaomarara zvikamu uko kushora kwayo uye kusimba kwepakati kwakakosha. Funga mavharuvhu emukati, pombi casings, agitator shafts, uye kunyanya zvigadziriso zvemasisitimu anobata maasidhi akasanganiswa.
Ndinorangarira purojekiti yakaitwa Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY). Vaida seti yezvibhuroko zvakajairwa zvemutyairi wendege yekuyedza nzira itsva yekugadzira mishonga. Iyo nharaunda yaive cocktail ye organic acids, chlorides, uye zviteshi zvebromide pane tembiricha dzakakwirira. Magadzirirwo ekutanga akatsanangura duplex simbi isina tsvina. Nekudaro, zvichibva pakuputsika kwekemikari yakapihwa, pakanga paine njodzi yakakura yegomba uye kusagadzikana ngura kupaza. Takakurudzira Alloy 21 semumiriri akakodzera.
Dambudziko rakanga riri nzira dzakawanda dzakaoma kunzwisisa dzemukati. Zvaida musanganiswa wekudyara kwekudyara kugadzira nzira dzekutanga uye yakakwirira-chaiyo 5-axis CNC machining kupedzisa zviso zvechiteshi uye kukwira kumusoro kune kushivirira kwakasimba. Chiitiko cheQSY nezvose zviri zviviri shell mold kukanda uye CNC machining emhando alloys yakakosha pano. Iko kukanda kwaifanira kuve kwakanzwika, kusina shrinkage porosity yaigona kuve nzvimbo yekutanga ngura, uye machining aitevera aifanira kunge asina chikanganiso kuti ave nechokwadi chekuvimbika. Zvikamu zvakaita pasina nyaya pamakore maviri emutyairi wendege, yaive bvunzo yekupedzisira. Iyi synergy pakati pekusarudza kwezvinhu, kukanda kuvimbika, uye kunyatsogadzira machining ndiko kunounzwa kukosha chaiko.
Kudyidzana neSpecialized Foundry uye Machinist
Izvi zvinondiunza kune ecosystem yekugadzira zvikamu zvakadaro. Iwe haugone kungopa mufananidzo kune imwe Alloy 21 chikamu kune chero muchina shopu. Cheni yese, kubva pakutsvaga iyo yakasimbiswa alloy ingot kusvika pakuongorora kwekupedzisira, inoda hunyanzvi. Kambani yakadai Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), nemakumi emakore avo akataurwa mukukandira uye kugadzira, kunyanya kuratidza alloys akakosha, inomiririra rudzi rwemudiwa anodiwa. Kushanda kwavo kwenguva refu kunoratidza kuti vangangofamba munzira dzekufunda dzezvinhu zvakaita seizvi.
Kana ndichiongorora mumwe wangu, ini ndinotsvaga humbowo hwekugadzirisa maitiro. For Alloy 21, ndezvekuita kwavo kunyunguduka (VIM kana AOD?), mabatiro avanoita mold-kugadzira yekukanda mari kuti isasvibiswa, uye yavo CNC machining maprotocol ezvakaoma-ku-kucheka zvinhu. Vane nhoroondo yekugadzira zvikamu zvine dzvinyiriro kana zvisimbiso zvakakosha? Icho chokwadi chekuti QSY inonyora zvakajeka nickel-based alloys seyakakosha inzvimbo yakakodzera yedata. Zvinoreva kuti vakaisa mari mukushandisa, kuisa, uye ruzivo rwehunyanzvi hunodiwa kubata zvinhu izvi zvine pundutso uye nekuvimbika.
Mukubatana kumwe, kukosha-kwekuwedzera kwakauya kubva kumhinduro yechikwata chekugadzira machini panguva yeDFM (Dzaini yeKugadzira) nhanho. Vakaratidza mashoma emukati makona radii pane yekukanda iyo yaive yakanyanya kusimba kuti ishande machining neinodiwa pamusoro pekupedzisira. Alloy 21. Isu takadzoreredza kushivirira zvishoma, izvo zvakadzivirira inogona kugadzirwa bhodhoro uye mutengo wakapfuura pasina kukanganisa basa rechikamu. Ndiwo ruzivo runoshanda rwaunoda.
Misungo Yakajairika uye Mafungiro Ezvinhu Zvisirizvo
Kuramba kusinganzwisisike kuri kurapa Alloy 21 seyakananga, kudonhedza-mukati kutsiva mamwe nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys. Hazvisizvo. Magadzirirwo ayo akakwenenzverwa anoita kuti irambe yakasimba kune sulfuric acid, asi inogona kusaenderana, toti, C-276 mukuderedza zvakanyanya hydrochloric acid service. Sarudzo yemidziyo inogara ichidzika kune yakatarwa ion, tembiricha, uye kuvapo kweoxidizers. Ndakaona ma specs anongoti corrosive service - hazvina basa. Isu tinogara tichida yakazara process fluid kuongororwa.
Imwe ngozi ndeyekuregeredza post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) kana chikamu chacho chagadzirwa. Apo Alloy 21 ine yakanaka weldability, iyo inopisa-yakakanganiswa zone (HAZ) inogona kutambura nekunaya kwecarbide, kushatisa kusagadzikana kwenzvimbo munzvimbo dzakaoma. Pasevhisi yakakosha, PWHT haigone kutaurirana kudzoreredza iyo microstructure. Takadzidza izvi mushure mekukundikana kwemunda we welded flange yekubatanidza; iyo weld pachayo yaive yakanaka, asi kupinza kwakatangwa muHAZ chaimo.
Pakupedzisira, pane ongororo yemutengo-benefit. Alloy 21 inodhura. Iwe haushandise iyo 904L isina tsvina inogona kukwana. Kururamiswa kwayo kunobva kuhupenyu hwesevhisi hwakawedzerwa, nguva yakaderedzwa, uye kuchengetedzeka mukubata midhiya ine njodzi. Iko kuverenga kunofanirwa kutarisa mutengo wakakwana wevaridzi, kwete chete mutengo wekutanga wechidimbu. Dzimwe nguva, kunyengetedza mutengi nezveizvi kunoda kuvaratidza nhoroondo dzekutadza nezvinhu zvakachipa — nharo inonyengetedza, kana inopengenutsa.
Mafungiro Ekupedzisa PaKushandiswa Kunoshanda
Saka, izvi zvinotisiya papi Alloy 21? Chinhu chenyanzvi. Kukosha kwayo kunovhurwa kuburikidza nekushandisa chaiko, kugadzira zvine hungwaru, uye nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kweiyo quirks. Haisi kugadzika uye kukanganwa iyo alloy. Kubudirira kunoenderana nekugona kwese kwekutengesa-kubva kune metallurgist anobvumidza melt cert kune machinist anosarudza yekupedzisira kupedzisa kupasa paramita.
Kune mainjiniya nevanotenga zvinhu, chidzidzo ndechekutarisa kupfuura giredhi rezvinyorwa zvegeneric. Bata nevagadziri vanoratidza ruzivo rwakanyanya, sevaya vane bhizinesi repakati rinosanganisira kutonga kwenguva refu kwemapurojekiti alloy. Kumbira yavo machining parameters, yavo QC mashizha ekukandwa kwakafanana, maitiro avo ekuedza kusingaparadzi. Mhinduro dzichakuudza zvakawanda kupfuura chero bhurocha rinopenya.
Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvakadai Alloy 21 maturusi ari mubhokisi rematurusi einjiniya. Kubudirira kwavo kunoenderana zvachose neunyanzvi hwemhizha inodzishandisa. Kunyangwe chiri chechikamu chakakosha muchirimwa chemakemikari kana chikamu chakakosha chetsvakiridzo yepamusoro, misimboti inosara: remekedza maitiro echinhu, kudzora maitiro, uye simbisa maitirwo acho. Ndiwo mafambisirwo aunofamba kubva kune theoretical spec kuenda kune yakavimbika, inoshanda chikamu mumunda.
