Paunonzwa 'alloy investment casting', iwo mufananidzo wepakarepo kazhinji wepristine, net-shape aerospace zvikamu. Icho ichokwadi, asi inongova glossy bhurocha shanduro. Chokwadi chiri pauriri hwekutanga chakashata, chakanyanya nuanced. Mafungiro akajairika ndeekuti imhinduro yekumira kune chero chikamu chakaoma. Muchokwadi, kugona kwayo kunoenderana nehutsinye mutengo-kubatsirwa kuongororwa kwejometry inopesana nehuwandu. Inokodzera ganda receramic, iwo wakisi mapatani, iyo yakawedzerwa nguva yekutungamira? Kune bhuraketi iri nyore, rinenge risingambofi. Kune impeller ine vanes mukati, kazhinji ndiyo nzira chete. Hunyanzvi chaihwo hausi mukugadzira dhizaini; zviri mukuziva panguva yekusashandisa kuisa mari zvachose.
Iyo Core Dance: Wax, Shell, uye Metal
Maitiro acho anoita seane mutsetse mumabhuku ezvinyorwa: wax pateni, musangano, chivakwa chegoko, dewax, kupisa, kudurura. Mukuita, nhanho imwe neimwe inhaurirano. Tora wakisi. Magadzirirwo ayo haana generic; wakisi yechikamu chakatetepa-ine simbi isina tsvina inoita zvakasiyana pane imwe yegobvu-chikamu checobalt alloy. Shrinkage rates inosiyana, uye kana wakisi yako isingaverengere inotevera simbi shrinkage nemazvo, uri kugadzira purofiti gare gare. Ndakaona mapurojekiti ekutanga majekiseni ewakisi akakopwa kubva ku'basa rakafanana', kungoburitsa maitiro akamonyaniswa akanganisa kutendeseka kwese goko. Inhanho yekutanga inoregeredzwa.
Ipapo kunouya iyo ceramic shell. Dip-and-stucco cycle count haisi yenguva dzose; ibasa re alloy kudurura tembiricha uye chikamu misa. Alloy yepamusoro-nickel yakadirwa inopfuura 1500 ° C inoda goko rakasimba kuti rirambe kuvhunduka kwekushisa uye kupinda kwesimbi. Akanyanya mashoma maseru, uye iwe unoisa panjodzi yekumhanya kana 'yakagadziriswa' kukanda kubva kugoko rakatsemuka. Yakawandisa, uye iwe unoteya magasi panguva ye dewaxing, zvichitungamira kumabhomba mabhuru anove hurema pakukanda kwekupedzisira. Hunyanzvi hwekubata - kutonga kukora kwegoko nehuremu hwayo hwegirinhi-mamiriro uye ruzha kana yabatwa.
Chikamu chekutsva chakakosha, asi chinowanzobatwa seyakareruka ovheni kutenderera. Hazvisi zvekunyungudusa wakisi chete; ndezvekushandura goko kuti rive rakasimba, rinopindika ceramic. Ramp rates inokosha. Kukurumidza, uye wakisi iri kukura inogona kutsemura goko. Kunyanya kunonoka, uye iwe unosiya kabhoni yakasara iyo inogona kukonzera kuremara kwepamusoro pakukanda. Kune alloys anonzwira kabhoni pickup, senge mamwe duplex simbi isina tsvina, iyi injodzi. Mhepo yevira inoda kutariswa zvakare.
Sarudzo dzeZvinhu: Haisi Chete Simbi isina Stainless
Vatengi vanowanzo tsanangura simbi isina tsvina sekunge chinhu chimwe chete. Maitiro ekukanda e304L achipesana ne316L, rega kusanaya-kuomesa giredhi se17-4PH, akasiyana zvakanyanya. Fluidity, kupisa kubvarura maitiro, kudyisa zvinodiwa - zvese zvinoshanduka. Apa ndipo apo ruzivo rwenguva refu yekuwana inobhadhara. Kambani yakadai Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), noruzivo rwavo rwemakore 30, vangadai vakavaka raibhurari yakadzama, inoshanda yeaya maitiro. Unogona kuverenga dhetabheti, asi uchiziva kuti imwe nickel-based alloy, toti Inconel 718, ine tsika yakashata yekugadzira mafinyasi kana tembiricha yekudira isina kunyatsodzorwa, inobva pakurasa mabhechi mashoma kuti udzidze nenzira yakaoma.
Special alloys, senge cobalt kana nickel-based, suma imwe layer. Ivo vanowanzo sarudzirwa corrosion resistance kana high-temperature performance, asi vanogona kunge vari mhuka dzakakwana dzekukanda. Ivo vane nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzekunyungudika, izvo zvinosimbisa iyo shell system, uye yavo yekuomesera mitsara inogona kuve yakaoma. Gating uye kusimuka kwezvinhu izvi hazvisi chiyero. Unoda oversized feeder kurwisa iyo yakakwira shrinkage, iyo inobva yakanganisa goho. Kuverenga kwehupfumi kunoshanduka zvakanyanya. Mutengo wechikamu haungori mune inodhura alloy ingot; iri musimbi yaunodira chete kuti ucheke uye udzoke.
Apa ndipo apo machini akasanganiswa anova asina kutaurirana. A foundry anongokandira chete arikusiya mari uye quality control patafura. Kukandira inzira yepedyo-neti-chimiro, asi 'pedyo' ndiro izwi rinoshanda. Yakakosha datum zviso, maburi ane threaded, tight-kushivirira madhayamita achada machining. Kuve neCNC kugona mukati-mumba, sezvinoita QSY, zvinoreva kuti chikamu chinogona kugadzirwa nechero process ketani mupfungwa. Iwe unogona kusiya yakarongeka stock mune dzimwe nzvimbo uchiziva kuti uchaigadzira chaizvo gare gare, iyo inoshanda zvakanyanya pane kuyedza kukanda kune micron-level kushivirira kwese, izvo zvisingagoneke mumuviri.
Chaiyo-Nyika Pitfalls uye Compromises
Maitiro ebhuku rekuverenga anotora mamiriro akakwana. Chokwadi hachidaro. Musoro wemusoro unodzokororwa ndiyo core shift. Kunyangwe negoko rakagadzirwa zvakakwana, panguva yekudururwa, iyo buoyant simba resimbi yakanyungudutswa inogona kusimudza kana kushandura mukati meceramic cores. Ndakashanda paimba yevharuvhu uko iyo yemukati ndima yepakati yakachinjika neingori 1.5mm, zvichiita kuti batch rese rishaye basa. Kugadzirisa kwanga kusiri mukudurura; yaive mukugadzira patsva ma prints uye zvitsigiso padanho rewakisi. Yakawedzera mavhiki maviri kune prototyping timeline.
Pamusoro pekupedzisira tarisiro inodawo kutonga. Investment casting inopa kupera kwakanaka, asi 'se-cast' haina kufanana ne 'yakagadzirwa'. Kune zvikamu zvakatarisana nekuyerera kwemvura, sezvikamu zvepombi, kumwe kushata kwepamusoro kunogona kugamuchirwa. Zvekudyara kudyara, hazvisi. Kazhinji, uri kuenzanisa mutengo wekuwana yakatsetseka se-yakasa kupedzisa (kuburikidza neyakatsetseka yeceramic stucco zvinhu, mamwe majasi) uchipesana nekungotsanangura mwenje machining kana blasting operation post-cast. Iyo yekupedzisira inowanzova yakavimbika uye inodhura-inoshanda.
Lead time ndiyo imwe mhondi yakanyarara. Vanhu vanoona kukurumidza kudururwa uye vanofunga kuti inokurumidza. Vanokanganwa mavhiki maviri-3 ekushandisa pateni, vhiki yekuvaka goko nekuomeswa, mazuva ekutsva. Iyo nzira inoyerwa mumavhiki, kwete mazuva. Chero chikumbiro chekumhanyisa chinowanzoreva kukanganisa pane nguva yekuomeswa kwegomba, inova tikiti rakananga kugomba kutadza kuumbwa. Hapana mugadziri ane mukurumbira anofanira kubvumirana nazvo.
Iyo Yekubatanidza Yakanakira: Kubva Kukanda kusvika Kupedzwa Chikamu
Apa ndipo panonzi modhi yeyakasanganiswa yakawanikwa uye chitoro chemuchina, senge inorehwa nemasevhisi eQSY, inoratidza kukosha kwayo chaiko. Kana kukanda uye kugadzira zviri pasi pedenga rimwe, iyo loop yemhinduro yakasimba. Iyo machinist inowana inoenderera yakaoma nzvimbo kana subsurface porosity mune yakatarwa zone yekukanda. Ruzivo irworwo rwunodzokera kumashure kune yekutanga mainjiniya. Yaive nyaya yekutonhodza yemuno here? Chikwiriso chisina kukwana? Vanogona kugadzirisa gating dhizaini yekumhanya kunotevera. Izvi zvakavharwa-loop kugadzirisa dambudziko hazvigoneke kana kukanda kuchiendeswa kune yechitatu-bato yemuchina shopu uyo anongonyora chichemo pamushumo wemhando.
Chimbofunga nezvesimbi isina tsvina yakawanda. Cast, ine zviso zveflange uye maburi mabhoti. Muchigadziro chakabatanidzwa, chirongwa cheCNC chinogona kugadzirwa nekaseti shrinkage factor yakabikwa mukati. Kurongeka uku kunoderedza nguva yekuseta uye kunoita kuti envelopu yekugadzira inoremekedza zviyero zvekukanda, kwete modhi yayo yeCAD chete. Inoderedza zvimedu uye inokurumidza kuendesa.
Ruzivo rwezvinhu runotambanuka pano zvakare. Kugadzira yakakandwa cobalt alloy kwakasiyana nekugadzira bhawa rakagadzirwa reiyo yakafanana yakatarwa. Iyo microstructure, kuoma, uye mukana weabrasive inclusions zvakasiyana. Chikwata chakabatanidzwa chinoziva nzira yekusarudza chishandiso chakakodzera, kumhanya, uye kudya kubva kune ruzivo, kudzivirira maturusi akatyoka uye kushata kwepamusoro kupera pane yekupedzisira, yakakosha chikamu.
Pfungwa Dzekupedzisa: A Pragmatic Craft
Saka, chii chekutora? Alloy investment kukanda inzira ine simba, dzimwe nguva inodiwa, kugadzira. Asi budiriro yaro yakavigwa mune izvo zvisiri mumutengo wekutengesa: mumusanganiswa wewakisi, mwando wekamuri yegoko, kutsva kwekupisa, uye ruzivo rwepedyo rwekuti alloy chaiyo inozadza sei nekuderera. Haasi mashiripiti; inhevedzano yezvinodzorwa, zvakashata, zvenyama.
Maitiro, nenzira kwayo, ari kune vertical integrated providers. Zvinongoita zvine musoro. Zvinetso zvekugadzira kukanda kwepamusoro-soro zvakapindirana nematanho anouya mberi uye shure kwayo kuti kuparadzana kunounza njodzi uye mari. Ukatarisa kugona kwemutengesi, runyoro rwavo rwezvinhu zvakaita sesimbi yakakandwa, simbi, isina tsvina, uye alloys akakosha kutanga. Asi mubvunzo chaiwo ndewekuti: kangani pavakadira izvi, vakagadzira izvi, uye vakagadzirisa matambudziko anongoonekwa kana iwe uchiedza kuita zvese kuita chikamu chinoshanda? Ndicho chiitiko chakakosha.
Pakupedzisira, inyanzvi yepragmatic. Iwe hausi kungotenga yekukanda; uri kutenga zvakaunganidzwa, kazhinji zvakaoma-kuhwina, kutonga kwechikwata chinoziva mafambiro erwendo rwese kubva kumhando ye3D kuenda kune yakapedzwa, yakavimbika chikamu muruoko rwako. Kutonga ikoko ndicho chigadzirwa chaicho.
